• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2001

The Markov Chain approach is used to develop an economic adjustment model of a process whose quality can be affected by a single special cause, resulting in changes of the process mean by incorrect adjustment of the process when it is operating according to its capability. The $\bar{X}$ control chart is thus used to signal the special cause. It is demonstrated that the expressions for the expected cycle time and the expected cycle cost are easier to obtain by the proposed approach than by adopting that in Collani, Saniga and Weigang (1994). Furthermore, this approach would be easily extended to derive the expected cycle cost and the expected cycle time for the case of multiple special causes or multiple control charts. A numerical example illustrates the proposed method and its application.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

In this paper, we investigate an inventory system where a single manufacturer purchases and processes raw materials in order to deliver finished goods to multiple retailers. Earlier study in this type of supply chain only consider a single raw material in order to produce finished goods, but we consider multi-raw materials in order to produce finished goods. Also, we develop an iterative solution procedure to find the order quantity for the finished goods and raw materials, and the number of shipments between manufacturer and retailers that minimizes the total cost per unit time of the raw materials ordering and holding, manufacture's setup and finished goods holding, the retailer's ordering and inventory holding. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate that jointly considering the total cost results in less total cost than that of considering them separately.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 체인을 선택하지 않고 수신된 모든 Loran-C 신호를 이용하여 위치를 측정하는 방법을 제안하였다. Loran-C 수신기는 여러 체인 중 하나만을 선택하여 해당 체인에 속한 송신국 신호만을 위치 측정에 사용한다. 이에 따라 수신기가 위치를 계산하기 위해 사용하는 신호의 수는 일반적으로 3~5개로 제한된다. 만약 더 많은 신호를 사용하여 위치를 측정할 수 있다면 수신기의 측위 성능은 정확도와 가용성 측면에서 향상될 것이다. 다음으로 제안하는 방법의 유효성 여부를 확인하기 위해 실측 시험을 수행하였다. 육상 정지측위 시험 결과를 분석함으로써 제안하는 방법으로 위치 측정이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한, 해상 이동측위 시험 결과는 일반적인 Loran-C 수신기가 위치를 측정할 수 없는 상황에서 다중 체인 ToA 측위 방법으로 위치를 측정한 하나의 예시를 보여준다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2024

Purpose: Focusing on the complex supply chain operations beyond the simple dyadic relationship, this study evaluates the performance of the revenue sharing contract in three stage supply chain system. Research design, data, and methodology: The optimization model is developed to describe the supply chain system where one manufacturer, one wholesaler, and one retailer exist and pursue the maximum level of their own profits. In the numerical examples of the proposed supply chain model, two types of the revenue sharing contract, pairwise and spanning methods, are tested and their performances are compared with the traditional system. Results: The numerical analysis reveals that both types of the revenue sharing contract outperform the traditional system. All supply chain members can achieve the improved profits only when they determine the proper combination of revenue share ratios and price discount rates. Conclusions: This study finds out that both pairwise and spanning revenue sharing contracts can make the positive outcome that is acceptable to all members in three stage supply chain system. When the proper contract content is agreed among the supply chain members, the revenue sharing contract has the potential to be the practically feasible collaboration program for the multiple stage supply chain system.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2011

In this study, based on the principal-agent paradigm, we investigate a joint cost reduction activity in a buyer-supplier supply chain where a buyer motivates its operations department and a supplier to reduce the supply chain's production cost. We construct a benefit-sharing model based on the target cost scheme, a basic philosophy in practice which has not been explored in previous studies. The model also incorporates various supply chain issues such as the cooperation of multiple agents, the opportunity loss, and the degree of strategic relationship between the buyer and the supplier. Based on the analysis of the principal-agent model, we investigate the benefit-sharing rule to control agents' actions, and we also provide important managerial implications into supply chain practices via extensive comparative static analyses.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2009

A new medium access control (MAC) scheme embedding physical channels into multiband carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks is proposed to provide strict quality of service (QoS) guarantee to high priority users. In the proposed scheme, two priority classes of users, primary and secondary users, are supported. For primary users physical channels are provided to ensure strict QoS, whereas secondary users are provided with best-effort service using CSMA/CA modified for multiband operation. The performance of the proposed MAC scheme is investigated using a new multiband CSMA/CA Markov chain model capturing the primary user activity and the operation of secondary users in multiple bands. The throughput of secondary users is obtained as a function of the primary user activity and other CSMA/CA parameters. It is shown that the new MAC scheme yields larger throughput than the conventional single-band CSMA/CA when both schemes use the same bandwidth.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2004

Real data as web log file tend to be incomplete. But we have to find useful knowledge from these for optimal decision. In web log data, many useful things which are hyperlink information and web usages of connected users may be found. The size of web data is too huge to use for effective knowledge discovery. To make matters worse, they are very sparse. We overcome this sparse problem using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method as multiple imputations. This missing value imputation changes spare web data to complete. Our study may be a useful tool for discovering knowledge from data set with sparseness. The more sparseness of data in increased, the better performance of MCMC imputation is good. We verified our work by experiments using UCI machine learning repository data.

• 산업공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

The traveling purchaser problem (TPP) is a generalization of the well-known traveling salesman problem (TSP), which has many real-world applications such as purchasing the required raw materials for the manufacturing factories and the scheduling of a set of jobs over some machines, and many others. In the last decade, TPP has received some attention of the researchers in the operational research area. However, all of the past researches for TPP are restricted on a single purchaser (vehicle). It could be the limitation to solve the real world problem. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the capacitated multiple TPP (CMTPP). It could be used in inbound logistics optimization in supply chain management area and many others. Since TPP is known as NP-hard, we also developed the heuristic algorithm to solve the CMTPP.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2015

빔 공간 Multiple-Input Multiple Output(MIMO) 시스템은 단일 Radio Frequency(RF)-체인을 가지는 Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator(ESPAR) 안테나를 이용하여 다수의 데이터를 동시에 전송할 수 있는 시스템이다. 단일 안테나, 단일 RF-체인을 사용하는 ESPAR 안테나의 특성에 의해 빔 공간 MIMO 시스템은 기존 MIMO 시스템에 비해 시스템의 복잡도가 줄어들고 안테나의 소형화가 가능하다. 기존에는 빔 공간 MIMO 시스템을 사용하여 단일 반송파를 전송하는 연구만이 진행되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다중 반송파를 전송하기 위해 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) 기반의 빔 공간 MIMO 시스템을 제안하고 성능을 분석하였다. 제안하는 빔 공간 MIMO 시스템은 기생소자의 리액턴스 값에 의해 Bit Error Rate(BER) 성능이 변화하기 때문에 최적의 성능을 가지는 리액턴스 값을 찾고, 이때의 BER 성능이 기존의 MIMO OFDM 시스템의 성능과 유사한 것을 확인하였다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

수많은 디바이스들이 무선 네트워크를 통해 연결 되고 있고, 이러한 연결을 효율적으로하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 많은 연구에서 효율적인 디바이스 관리를 위해 클러스터링을 사용하고 있지만 클러스터의 특정 노드에 부하가 집중되는 경우가 많아 전체 네트워크가 불안정해질 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 센서 노드의 효율적인 관리를 위해 중앙 집중식 불균등 체인 클러스터 스케줄링 모델을 제안한다. 클러스터의 구성을 위해 클러스터 헤드 범위와 기지국까지의 거리를 기반으로 하고, 기지국의 위치가 동일하지 않은 동심 체인 클러스터링을 구축하기 위해 주벡터 투사 기법을 사용한다. 데이터의 전송은 다중 무선 액세스 인터페이스인 MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)를 활용한다. 실험을 통해 클러스터 헤드의 에너지 소비를 줄이고 네트워크 수명이 향상됨을 보인다.