• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and results in vulnerability to fracture. Calcium and vitamin D are known to play an important role in bone health. Recently, potassium has been identified as another important factor in skeletal health. We examined the link between potassium intake and bone health among the Korean older adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 8,732 men and postmenopausal women over 50 years old who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) between 2008 and 2011. Potassium consumption was evaluated using a 24-hour recall method. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at three sites (total hip, femur neck, and lumbar spine) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the link between potassium intake and prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, after controlling for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The BMD of the total femur and Ward's triangle were significantly different according to the potassium intake among men (P = 0.031 and P = 0.010, respectively). Women in the top tertile for potassium intake showed higher BMD than those in the bottom tertile at all measurement sites (all P < 0.05). Daily potassium intake was significantly related to a decreased risk of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women (odds ratios: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.96, P trend = 0.031). However, the dietary potassium level was not related to the risk of osteoporosis in men. CONCLUSION: Current findings indicate that higher dietary potassium levels have a favorable effect on bone health and preventing osteoporosis in older Korean women.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권51호
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• pp.332.1-332.8
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• 2018

Background: The trend of aging society is occurring globally, and with it, one of the health problems that is emerging is frailty. Efforts are being made to account for the increasing prevalence of frailty, and various modifiable factors are being considered in regards to frailty. Because social contact has shown beneficial effects in terms of health in previous studies, it is increasingly being considered in relation to frailty. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of different types of social contact with frailty status. Methods: A total of 1,200 Korean elders aged 70-84 years old were included in the study. Using Fried's Cardiovascular Health Study index to categorize the frailty status, the relationship between frailty status and frequency of contact (i.e., with family members, friends, or neighbors) was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression accounting for confounders. Results: Adjusting for all covariates, frequency of contact with friends was the most statistically significant. Less frequent contact was associated with a significantly higher odds of pre-frailty: monthly (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.20), and rarely (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17-2.99), with daily contact group as reference. Also, those contacting friends monthly (OR, 5.04; 95% CI, 2.29-11.08) or rarely (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.58-6.61) were more likely to be frail compared to the daily group. Conclusion: Frequency of social contact, especially with friends, is strongly associated with frailty.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.303-329
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 아동발달의 변화성과 다양성을 고려하여 시간의 경과에 따라 학령기 아동의 게임 사용시간의 변화궤적을 유형화하고, 각 유형에 영향을 미치는 예측요인을 다차원적으로 검증하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동 청소년패널조사의 초1패널의 2차년도에서 6차년도까지의 자료를 활용하였으며, 본 연구의 최종 분석대상자는 총 1959명이다. 분석방법으로는 학령기 아동의 게임 사용시간 변화궤적 유형화를 위해서 잠재계층성장분석을 실시하였으며, 이후 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 유의미한 예측요인을 검증하였다. 분석결과, 학령기 아동의 게임 사용시간 변화궤적은 '게임 저사용 증가집단', '게임 초기 고사용-변동 집단', '게임 고사용 증가집단'으로 분류되었으며, 성별, 공격성, 주의집중, 방과후 보호자 부재, 주양육자의 교육수준, 형제자매, 방임, 가구소득, 연간 가족여행 횟수, 학교성적, 또래관계가 각 유형의 분류에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 예측변인으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과들을 바탕으로 학령기 초기 아동의 게임 과다사용에 대한 예방적 개입의 필요성을 강조하고 유용한 실천적 제언을 하였다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제39호
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• pp.287-314
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• 2008

국민기초생활보장제도의 시행 초기부터 제기되어온 사각지대와 부정수급집단의 특성을 파악하고자 한 본 논문은 차상위실태조사자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 기존 문헌연구를 통해 사각지대(적격비수급 집단)와 부정수급집단(부적격수급 집단)이 발생하는 원인에 대해 수급자 측면의 욕구 및 낙인감 가설과 행정측면의 외형적 편의지표 의존가설이란 두 가지 가설을 제시하였고, 각각에 대해 다시 두 개씩의 하위 가설을 제시하였다. 차상위실태조사자료에서 적격비수급 집단, 부적격수급 집단, 적격수급 집단 등 3개 집단을 가려내고 이 3개 집단 중 적격수급 집단을 기준으로 적격비수급 집단과 부적격수급 집단을 각각 비교하여 그 특성 차이를 분석하였다. 적격수급 집단을 기준으로 적격비수급 집단을 비교한 결과 낙인감이 클수록 적격비수급 집단에 속할 가능성이 높아진다는 가설과 부양의무자가 존재가 행정담당자들의 편의적 판단과 결부되어 사각지대 발생 가능성을 높인다는 가설이 모두 지지 되었다. 이에 반해 적격수급 집단을 기준으로 부적격수급 집단의 특성을 비교한 결과 미충족 욕구가 클수록 부적격수급집단으로 편성될 가능성이 높다는 가설은 지지되지 못했지만, 근로능력을 가진 자가 불완전한 자산조사로 인해 부적격수급 집단으로 남을 가능성이 높다는 행정측면의 외형적 편의지표 의존가설은 지지되었다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제39호
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• pp.5-28
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 한국청소년패널조사(KYPS) 자료를 활용하여 청소년기 흡연의 상이한 발달궤적 변화에 영향 미치는 예측요인들을 분석하는 것이다. 준모수적 집단중심모형(Semi-parametric group-based modeling)을 통해 청소년기 흡연에는 점증형 흡연집단(escalator), 실험형 흡연집단(experimenter), 후발형 흡연집단(late onsetter), 비흡연집단(non initiator) 등 4가지 발달궤적이 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 비행, 음주 등 다른 영역의 발달궤적과 달리 흡연에는 중단형 집단이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 사회발달모형(social development model) 내의 위험요인과 보호요인을 중심으로 흡연집단들을 구분하는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 모든 발달영역의 위험요인과 보호요인 대부분이 13세 시기에 흡연하지 않았던 청소년 중 계속해서 비흡연하는 집단과 이후 흡연을 늦게 시작한 집단을 구분하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 13세에 이미 흡연하고 있었던 청소년 중 계속해서 흡연을 증가시키는 집단과 점차 흡연을 감소시키는 집단을 구분하는 요인은 자아존중감, 학업성취 등 소수로 나타났다. 흡연집단을 구분하는 위험요인과 보호요인들은 발달적으로 적절하고 효과적인 예방프로그램의 구성요소를 발견할 수 있도록 도와준다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 13세에 흡연하고 있지 않은 집단은 물론 이미 흡연을 시작한 집단까지도 원조할 수 있는 중학교 시기 금연프로그램을 개발할 수 있는 단초를 마련하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2021

Background: The present study investigated the association between two domains of physical activity (occupational physical activity [OPA] and leisure-time physical activity [LTPA]) and sleep duration. Methods: We investigated 3,421 paid workers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2015. Sleep duration was categorized into three categories (short for less than 5 h, optimal for 5-9 h, and long for more than 9 h). OPA and LTPA were defined in terms of answers to relevant questions. Odds ratios were calculated for sleep duration according to each physical activity domain using multinomial logistic regression models. Results: There were 464 subjects (13.6%) who showed short sleep duration, and 169 subjects (4.9%) who showed long sleep duration. Prevalence of OPA and LTPA was higher in male workers than in female workers (for OPA: 3.67% and 1.76%, respectively, p = 0.0108; for LTPA: 16.14% and 6.07%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The odds ratio of OPA for long sleep duration in female workers was 3.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-8.21). Otherwise, LTPA was not associated with sleep duration in female paid workers, nor both physical activity domains in male paid workers. Conclusion: Female paid workers with work-related physical activity were at risk of oversleeping. These findings also suggested that physical activity has distinct associations with sleep duration according to the physical activity domains and sex.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.237-254
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to classify the latent profiles in the exposure to hazard factors of salaried employees and test the determinants. Methods: Latent profile analysis(LPA) was conducted using data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS). 30,050 of salaried employees were the subjects of this study. After classifying the employees, multinomial logistic regression was used to test the determinants. Results: Salaried employees were classified with three latent profiles based on the exposure to the hazard factors. Employees included in class 1(32.8%) tend to experience low level of physical hazard factors, moderate level of psychological hazard factors, and high level of office work hazard factors. Employees included in class 2(61.8%) tend to be exposed to the moderate to high level of physical hazard factors, moderate to low level of psychological hazard factors, and low level of office work hazard factors. Employees included in class 3(5.4%) tend to experience high level of psychological and physical hazard factors, and moderate level of office work hazard factors. After classification, the demographic, health-, and employment-related variables were tested. Conclusions: This study clarified the features of each class, and proved that employees in class 3 are quite hazardous in that they are exposed to physical and psychological hazard factors much more frequently than other employees. Thus, this study can be used in predicting the high-risk employees and taking preemptive measures for preventing industrial accidents.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.62-75
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• 2021

Purpose: Smoking among adolescents is a critical healthcare concern that needs to be tackled with respect to not only intrapersonal and interpersonal factors but also socio-cultural factors. This study was to identify the smoking behaviors and amount of tobacco consumption among adolescents, and to investigate the factors associated with the behaviors and amount. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the theory of triadic influence using a nationally representative secondary data set, the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N=60,040). The analysis was performed by dividing smoking behaviors into lifetime, current, and daily smoking, and smoking amount into light, moderate, and heavy smoking. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Overall, 8.2%, 3.2% and 3.4% of the adolescents were involved in lifetime, current, and daily smoking, respectively. In addition, 5.3%, 0.8%, and 0.6% of the adolescents were involved in light, moderate, and heavy smoking, respectively. The factor associated with smoking behaviors and the amount of tobacco consumed were gender, academic achievement, depression, living with family, close friend's smoking, violent victimization, household economic status, and school level (all ps<.05). Conclusion: A considerable number of adolescents are engaged in risky smoking behaviors and consume large amounts of tobacco. Adolescents who said yes to peer smoking, violent victimization, not living with their family, and depressive emotions were more likely to engage in risky smoking behaviors and consume large amounts of tobacco. Tailored interventions to decrease smoking should be planed and provided, while considering the school and home environment and individual needs of adolescents.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to differentiate the factors associated with the BMI group of adolescents between rural and urban areas, and provide baseline data in the development of health education programs considering their personal and environmental characteristics. Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed using the data from an on-line survey of the 9th adolescence behavioral health in 2013. The instruments included general, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics. This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted with 26,513 adolescents. The data were analyzed using a t-test, two-way ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Significant differences in the prevalence of obesity between urban and rural areas were nated and rural areas exhibited a higher prevalence of obese adolescents (p<0.05). The factors associated with the BMI group were the mothers' education level (low) and lower age of adolescents (middle school) in rural areas, wherase those for urban areas were gender (boys) and the fathers' education level (low) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Because there was a significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between rural and urban areas, it is necessary to develop a tailored education program considering the regional and environmental characteristics that the adolescents belonged to in order to prevent and control adolescent obesity.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of orthodontic treatment among Korean adults and determine the factors that drive them to seek orthodontic treatment. Methods: A total of 2,321 adults aged 19-64 years were surveyed using an internet research system from a specialized research company. The participants were divided into the following groups based on their experience of and willingness to undergo orthodontic treatment: experience, acceptance, and non-acceptance groups. The characteristics of the participants were compared using analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed in all three models with the non-acceptance group as a reference. Results: In terms of demographic characteristics, age, gender, marital status, and education had significant influences on orthodontic treatment decisions in adults in the experience and acceptance groups (p < 0.001). When all the factors were analyzed, age, marital status, past dental treatment experience, regular oral examinations, demand for orthodontic treatment, optimal treatment period, health insurance coverage, information on orthodontic treatments, perceptions regarding orthodontic treatment, and psychosocial impact of dental esthetics significantly influenced orthodontic treatment decisions in adults in the experience and acceptance groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that various factors influence orthodontic treatment decisions in adults. Individuals who seek orthodontic treatment were found to undergo more regular dental treatment and oral examination than those who did not. They also had a better perception of orthodontic treatment and more negative values for the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics.