• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.521-530
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• 2019

With a view to respond to urban climate change issues and improve the urban environment in a qualitative manner, the strategy of multi-dimensional greening of the traditional markets in the City of Seoul to secure the multi-dimensional green spaces can result in a significant effect in terms of landscaping, environment, and spatial aspect. The purpose of this study is to examine the elements of multi-dimensional greening for the multi-dimensional greening of buildings in order to enhance the greening function within urban phenomena and, with this, establish the criteria for success introduction of multi-dimensional greening and its qualitative expansion. For this, a total of 569 consumers of traditional markets have been interviewed, and the data from their questionnaires were analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software. The result of the analysis showed that the elements of the multi-dimensional greening of traditional markets, such as the economical, physical, functional, visual, and facility aspects all affected the consumer expectation in a positive manner. Also, depending on the gender of the customers of traditional markets, the ecological aspect among the elements of multi-dimensional greening had a significant difference. And, by the age, the functional, physical, and visual aspects of the elements of multi-dimensional greening showed a significant different. And, the expectation on the multidimensional greening of traditional markets also showed a statistically significant difference. By the level of education, there were significant differences in terms of the physical and visual aspects of the multi-dimensional greening elements. And, the level of expectation on the multidimensional greening also differed significantly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.416-434
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• 2022

This study, for learners using online and offline tools, understood the structural relationship of user experience of smart learning app on continuous use intention through the technology acceptance model, and classified the learning type characteristics. In addition, based on the experience of using the smart learning app, we explored ways to improve the design of the user experience design for learning tools and contents. For this purpose, the usage perception of 84 middle and high school students of the developed smart learning learning app was investigated after using it for 2 months, and the data were analyzed using the PLS structural equation technique. The main results of this study are as follows. First, system and content user experience had a significant effect on perceived usability and perceived ease of use, and the effect on continued use intention through attitude was significant. Second, there was a significant difference in the effect of system user experience on perceived usefulness in multi-group comparative analysis and gender group. In the preferred learning group, it was the path from perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness to attitude and intention to continue using that showed a significant path difference. Third, as a result of classifying the most commonly used learning types by the multidimensional scale method, the types separated into low dimensions were found to be four types: offline sync type, online sync type, ubiquitous learning type, and self-direct learning type.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2015

Purpose: This study developed a self-report measure for easy assessing of the health literacy of Asian immigrant women in South Korea. Methods: After a literature review, focus group interviews, and content validity evaluation, 14 preliminary items were generated. These were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English. Data were collected from 229 Asian immigrant women. Validity and reliability tests were conducted. Results: Factor analysis yielded final 10 items in three factors: primary functional and interactive health literacy, secondary functional and interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy, which explained 61.90% of the total variance of health literacy. In known-group comparisons, health literacy was significantly lower in recent immigrants, those with a low education level, and those with low Korean language proficiency. For convergent validity, health literacy was positively associated with health specific self-efficacy and maternal health knowledge. For criterion-related validity, health literacy was positively associated with the REALM-SF. The overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of the instrument was .773. Conclusion: The Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women (HLAS) represents a multidimensional construct which encompasses functional, interactive, and critical health literacy. This self-report HLAS can be a useful and convenient method for appraising the health literacy of Asian immigrant women.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Ant communities are well suited for monitoring changes in ecosystems. Although numerous studies have examined the responses of ant communities to environmental disturbance, relatively few long-term studies on ant communities have been undertaken in urban environments. We examined species richness in nine urban parks in Hiroshima, Japan, and compared the survey results with data collected at the same sites by using the same methods in 1999. In both surveys, total of 25 species was recorded: 23 species in 1999 and 20 species in 2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the ant communities consisted of two distinct groups, which could in turn be characterized by three patterns of ant community changes in between the two groups. The first of these community change patterns was characterized by a shift within group 1, but the number of species remained constant (approx. 10 species). The second pattern was characterized by a shift within group 2, but the number of species remained low (approx. 4 species). The third pattern was characterized by a shift from group 1 to group 2 as the abundance of Linepithema humile (Mayr) increased over time. Unlike the first and second patterns, the number of ant species in communities of the third type decreased significantly. These findings suggest that L. humile has a marked effect on the species diversity of indigenous ant communities in urban environments.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.334-342
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors that influence on self-determination for withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in the community dwelling elderly. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational design. A convenience sample of 201 elderly were recruited from a welfare center located in Seoul, Korea. Data collection was done from September 1 to September 18, 2015. Four survey questionnaires were used: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z), Attitude on Do Not Resuscitate (DNR), and Self-determination for Withdrawing Life-sustaining Treatment. Data analysis was done by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierrarchical multiple regression. Results: Hierarchial multiple regression showed that the factors predicting the level of self-determination for withdrawing life-sustaining treatment were educational level, DNR experience in family, life satisfaction, and DNR attitude. These factors explained 44% of the self-determination for withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in community dwelling elderly. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest developing educational programs aiming at changing elderly's DNR attitude positive ways so that they can enhance self-determination for withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Further study is needed with more elderly population in extended areas.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on Posttraumatic Growth(PTG) in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Eighty patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at least twelve months ago were recruited from the oncology outpatient clinic of university hospital in Y city. Participants completed four survey questionnaires: Korean versions of PTG Index, Korean versions of Cancer Coping Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and a Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson-correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of PTG in these patients was 51.16 indicating relatively high growth. Posttraumatic Growth had significant correlations with coping, social support, and resiliency. In addition to the variables of age and education that are found to be associated with the PTG, the PTG was significantly influenced by resilience, coping, and importance of religion. Forty-nine percent of the variations in the PTG were explained by these three variables. Conclusion: The identified factors influencing colorectal cancer related to PTG could be considered in developing nursing interventions to promote positive psychological changes in response to adversity which colorectal cancer survivors might experience.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.236-243
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• 2011

The digital space color of new media environment denied not only the deterministic relationship of designed color and circumjacent color but also the deduced an special elements of digital space color. Such phenomena historical perspective of Gernot Wersig, new media principle of Lev Manovich and remediation of Bolter, J.K & Grusin, R. are expressed in various new media environment across. In particular, development of digital technology is moving away from its previous space color based on scientific, statistical and quantitative perspective by using diverse variables. The following research focuses on the fundamental concept of space color by type, composition of digital space color. The paper reflects on the meaning and concept of contemporary which enables the application of digital space color system on space through advanced technology. The principle of digital space color such as multidimensional malerisch, discontinuous video, vague original and copy, irregular repetitiveness of 'copy of copy', selective color of observer, experiential color of observer, and etc. makes it possible to extract the expressed element and method of digital space color. Meanwhile, the features of digital space color such as divided field of form, non-systematized of process and collage of communication can be inferred from case analysis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyzed that the perceived price and VMD fitness of the SPA(speciality store retailer of Private label Apparel) brand characteristics impacts on multidimensional commitment consist of affective commitment, calculative commitment and behavioral commitment. Using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 by structural equation modeling analysis, we found that perceived price have effects on affective commitment, behavioral commitment and calculative commitment significantly, and VMD fitness have effects affective commitment significant only. Affective commitment and calculative commitment on behavioral commitment was affected significantly. Through this study we found that perceived price and VMD fitness SPA brand maintaining relationships between the consumer and the seller are an important factors.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2004

This study was intended to identify the differences in perception of image words and perception dimension of desired image according to sex variable for college students in a school context. Data were collected by questionnaires distributed to 443 college students from August to September of 2000. After eliminating incomplete questionnaires, 396 were analyzed. As results of factor analysis, 7 desired image factors were determined for male and female, respectively. On the basis of these results, major perception differences were identified according to sex variable. Differently-perceived image words were as fellows: For intellectual image, male relates it with sporty while female relates it with graceful; for masculine image, male relates it with mature while female relates it with sporty; and for feminine image, male relates it with sexy and graceful while female relates it modest, pure, and cute. Multidimensional scaling was employed to determine the perception dimension of desired image. Two dimensions were accepted to interpret the results for both sex, respectively. 'Feminine-masculine' and 'conspicuous-plain' were criteria for male students, while 'unnatural-natural' and 'feminine-masculine' were criteria for female students.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2010

A marketing model is changed from a customer acquisition to customer retention and it is being moved to a way that enhances the quality of customer interaction to add value to our customers. Such personalization is emerging from this background. The Web site is accelerate the adoption of a personalization, and in contrast to the rapid growth of data, quantitative analytical experience is required. For the automated analysis of large amounts of data and the results must be passed in real time of personalization has been interested in technical problems. A recommendation algorithm is an algorithm for the implementation of personalization, which predict whether the customer preferences and purchasing using the database with new customers interested or likely to purchase. As recommended number of users increases, the algorithm increases recommendation time is the problem. In this paper, to solve this problem, a recommendation system based on clustering and dimensionality reduction is proposed. First, clusters customers with such an orientation, then shrink the dimensions of the relationship between customers to low dimensional space. Because finding neighbors for recommendations is performed at low dimensional space, the computation time is greatly reduced.