• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.1726-1738
• /
• 2008

This study researches age of discretion and lifestyles for aged women consumers and examines their social and psychologically recognized age of discretion and the difference in shopping orientation on fashion. Also it is purposed to support implications for marketing strategy on fashion market for the aged. A survey was carried out regarding the consumers of the new elderly generation aged 55 and above. 561 respondents were surveyed, residing in Seoul and Metropolitan areas. Factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, K-average community and multivariate analysis, multi-recurrence and crossing analysis($X^2$ verified) were used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, first, people in their 70s to 80s perceive their age 20 to 30 years younger than their real age. Second, appearance-oriented and high technology-oriented were the most highlighted lifestyles as to the study of the vital statistical, related to the lifestyle in correspondence to the real-age and the cognitive age. Third, people who feel older than they actually are in terms of shopping orientation were less likely to shop depending on their mood. Throughout the results, there is no doubt that people in the elderly generation is a main target within marketing trends in the elderly generation industry. A research based on comparison between the male and the female consumers in the elderly generation is considered to be very meaningful.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.979-983
• /
• 2013

The three-dimensional measurement method of confocal systems is a spot scanning method which has a high resolution and good illumination efficiency. However, conventional confocal systems had a weak point in that it has to perform XY axis scanning to achieve FOV (Field of View) vision through spot scanning. There are some methods to improve this problem involving the use of a galvano mirror [1], pin-hole array, etc. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method to improve a parallel mode confocal system using a micro-lens and pin-hole array in a dual microscope configuration. We made an area scan possible by using a combination MLA (Micro Lens Array) and pin-hole array, and used an objective lens to improve the light transmittance and signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, we made it possible to change the objective lens so that it is possible to select a lens considering the reflection characteristic of the measuring object and proper magnification. We did an experiment using 5X, 2.3X objective lens, and did a calibration of height using a VLSI calibration target.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2017

EVs manufacturers typically target a range of 300 km on a fully charged battery. Many studies have been conducted to improve these disadvantages. As a results, the mileage of EVs is expected to increase significantly. However, as the distance traveled by EVs increases, current test method (SCT) have many difficulties. The biggest problem is that it takes a lot of time to test an EVs and greatly increases the error rate during the test period. In order to solve these problems, this paper discusses the fuel economy test method of EVs for energy efficiency and mileage. The comparison of test methods was achieved by chassis dynamometer test about EVs. These review of test methods are intended to both improve testing efficiency and provide a practical testing methodology that can be easily adapted to accommodate future testing enhancements. In conclusion, the results of MCT mode and SCT mode comparison show similar results within 3 %, confirming that the test method is appropriate. Also, as the CSCM distance becomes shorter in the MCT mode, the mileage becomes longer and the fuel economy becomes lower. As a result, the error from the SCT test results is expected to increase. In order to minimize the error of SCT measurement fuel economy, it is recommended to maximize the CSCM driving distance. However, since the timing of the EOT is not clearly known, it is reasonable to define the allowable range of the CSCE to be within 20 % of the MCT total mileage.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 2020

This work presents a comparison of three performance-based seismic design methods (PBSD) as applied to plane steel frames having eccentric braces (EBFs) and buckling restrained braces (BRBFs). The first method uses equivalent modal damping ratios (ξ_k), referring to an equivalent multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) linear system, which retains the mass, the elastic stiffness and responds in the same way as the original non-linear MDOF system. The second method employs modal strength reduction factors (${\bar{q}}_k$) resulting from the corresponding modal damping ratios. Contrary to the behavior factors of code based design methods, both ξ_k and ${\bar{q}}_k$ account for the first few modes of significance and incorporate target deformation metrics like inter-storey drift ratio (IDR) and local ductility as well as structural characteristics like structural natural period, and soil types. Explicit empirical expressions of ξ_k and ${\bar{q}}_k$, recently presented by the present authors elsewhere, are also provided here for reasons of completeness and easy reference. The third method, developed here by the authors, is based on a hybrid force/displacement (HFD) seismic design scheme, since it combines the force-base design (FBD) method with the displacement-based design (DBD) method. According to this method, seismic design is accomplished by using a behavior factor (q_h), empirically expressed in terms of the global ductility of the frame, which takes into account both non-structural and structural deformation metrics. These expressions for q_h are obtained through extensive parametric studies involving non-linear dynamic analysis (NLDA) of 98 frames, subjected to 100 far-fault ground motions that correspond to four soil types of Eurocode 8. Furthermore, these factors can be used in conjunction with an elastic acceleration design spectrum for seismic design purposes. Finally, a comparison among the above three seismic design methods and the Eurocode 8 method is conducted with the aid of non-linear dynamic analyses via representative numerical examples, involving plane steel EBFs and BRBFs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.3211-3217
• /
• 2014

Background: The current study investigated the effects of Piper longumine on radio-sensitization of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in vitro and those in logarithmic growth phase were selected for experiments divided into four groups: control, X-ray exposed, Piper longumine, and Piper longumine combined with X-rays. Conogenic assays were performed to determine the radio-sensitizing effects. Cell survival curves were fitted by single-hit multi-target model and then the survival fraction (SF), average lethal dose ($D_0$), quasi-threshold dose ($D_q$) and sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) were calculated. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Western blot assays were employed for expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bc1-2 and Bax) after treatment with Piper longumine and/or X-ray radiation. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by FCM with a DCFH-DA probe. Results: The cloning formation capacity was decreased in the group of piperlongumine plus radiation, which displayed the values of SF2, D0, Dq significantly lower than those of radiation alone group and the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of D0 was1.22 and 1.29, respectively. The cell apoptosis rate was increased by the combination treatment of Piper longumine and radiation. Piper longumine increased the radiation-induced intracellular levels of ROS. Compared with the control group and individual group, the combination group demonstrated significantly decreased expression of Bcl-2 with increased Bax. Conclusions: Piper longumine at a non-cytotoxic concentration can enhance the radio-sensitivity of MDA-MB-231cells, which may be related to its regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression and the increase of intracellular ROS level, thus increasing radiation-induced apoptosis.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.265-277
• /
• 2015

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is the core technology of communication, navigation and surveillance/air traffic management (CNS/ATM), automatically broadcasts its own position information using GNSS and has an advantage of lower geological constraints and faster update speed compared with legacy radar systems. EUROCONTROL defined all purpose structured eurocontrol surveillance information exchange (ASTERIX) CAT.021. ASTERIX CAT.021 is modified several times, but it has compatibility issues with previous version of it. In this paper, we have designed an efficient message processing module regardless of the version of ASTERIX CAT.021. This implemented module generates patterns to collect messages received from the network, after that, received messages are processed in the routine that is defined in accordance with the patterns.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.532-540
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we propose the modified SED (Subband Energy Detection) which can assign weights adapting to the receiving signal level for the broadband energy detection in the passive SONARs. SED which is one of the broadband processing mainly employed by passive SONARs to detect a target is more robust against interference like multi signals or a clutter than CED (Conventional Energy Detection), but it degrades detection performance to assign weights independent of extracted extrema level of the receiving signal. Therefore, in this paper, the weighting method which can efficiently assigns rewards or penalties adapting to extracted extrema level of the receiving signal is proposed. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed method, we conducted experiments by using simulation and real ocean acoustic signal which is acquired from Yellow Sea. From the experiments, our proposed method has shown better performance than conventional SED.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2020

Direction of arrival (DoA) estimation is a scheme of estimating the directions of targets by analyzing signals generated or reflected from the targets and is used in various fields. Artificial neural networks (ANN) is a field of machine learning that mimics the neural network of living organisms. They show good performance in pattern recognition. Although researches has been using ANNs to estimate the DoAs, there are limitationsin dealing with variations of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the target signals. In this paper, we propose a three-stage ANN algorithm for DoA estimation. The proposed algorithm can minimize the performance reduction by applying the model trained in a single SNR environment to various environments through a 'noise reduction process'. Furthermore, the scheme reduces the difficulty in learning and maintains efficiency in estimation, by employing a process of DoA shift. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) and the performances of existing subspace-based algorithms and show that the proposed scheme exhibits better performance than other schemes in some severe environments such as low SNR environments or situations in which targets are located very close to each other.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.384-392
• /
• 2017

A linear explosively formed penetrator(LEFP) is a modification of the explosively formed penetrator(EFP). An EFP is axisymmetric and has a dish-shaped liner while LEFP has a rectangular-shaped liner with curved cross section. Upon detonating LEFP forms laterally wide projectile like blade, leaving a long penetration hole on the target. On the other hand, a long-rod tungsten heavy alloy(WHA) penetrator is one of the major threats against most of the ground armored vehicles. In this paper, the feasibility of using an LEFP in protecting against a long-rod WHA penetrator by colliding LEFP into the threat was investigated through a set of numerical simulations. In this study, a scale-down WHA penetrator with length to diameter ratio(L/D) of 10.7 and 7.0 mm diameter was used to represent a long-rod WHA penetrator. LS-DYNA and Multi-Material ALE technique were employed for the simulation. For estimation of the protection effect by LEFP, residual penetration depths into RHA by the threat were compared according to various impact locations against the threat.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.572-579
• /
• 2006

Accurate heat release analysis based on the cylinder pressure trace is important for evaluating combustion process of diesel engines. However, traditional single-zone heat release models (SZM) have significant limitations due mainly to their simplified assumptions of uniform charge and homogeneity while neglecting local temperature distribution inside cylinder during combustion process. In this study, a heat release analysis based on single-zone model has been evaluated by comparison with computational simulation result using Fire-code, which is based on multidimensional model (MDM). The limitations of the single-zone assumption have been estimated, To overcome these limitations, an improved model that includes the effects of spatial non-uniformity has been applied. From this improved single-zone heat release model (Improved-SZM), two effective values of specific heat ratios, denoted by ${\gamma}_V$ and ${\gamma}_H$ in this study, have been introduced. These values are formulated as the function of charge temperature changing rate and overall equivalence ratio. Also, it is applied that each equation of ${\gamma}_V$ and ${\gamma}_H$ has respectively different slopes according to several meaningful periods during combustion progress. The heat release analysis results based on improved single-zone model gives a good agreement with FIRE-code results over the whole range of operating conditions of target engine, Hyundai HiMSEN H21/32.