• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.11A
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2007

This Paper Proposes a new optimization algorithm named by GBNSGA-II(Goal-pareto Based Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II) which uses Goal Programming to find non-dominated solutions in NSGA-II. Although the conventional NSGA is very popular to solve multiobjective optimization problem, its high computational complexity, lack of elitism and difficulty of selecting sharing parameter have been considered as problems to be overcome. To overcome these problems, NSGA-II has been introduced as the alternative for multiobjective optimization algorithm preventing aforementioned defects arising in the conventional NSGA. Together with advantageous features of NSGA-II, this paper proposes rather effective optimization algorithm formulated by purposely combining NSGA-II algorithm with GP (Goal Programming) subject to satisfying multiple objectives as possible as it can. By conducting computer simulations, the superiority of the proposed GBNSGA-II algorithm will be verified in the aspects of the effectiveness on optimization process in presence of a priori constrained goals and its fast converging capability.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a method for extracting predominant melody of polyphonic music based on harmonic structure. Since polyphonic music contains multiple sound sources, the process of melody detection consists of extraction of multiple fundamental frequencies and determination of predominant melody using those fundamental frequencies. Harmonic structure is an important feature parameter of monophonic signal that has spectral peaks at the integer multiples of its fundamental frequency. We extract all fundamental frequency candidates contained in the polyphonic signal by verifying the required condition of harmonic structure. Then, we combine those harmonic peaks corresponding to each extracted fundamental frequency and assign a rank to each after calculating its harmonic average energy. We finally run pitch tracking based on the rank of extracted fundamental frequency and continuity of fundamental frequency, and determine the predominant melody. We measure the performance of proposed method using ADC 2004 DB and 100 Korean pop songs in terms of MIREX 2005 evaluation metrics, and pitch accuracy of 90.42% is obtained.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.307-318
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to identify multi-level stressors from blood biomarkers to community-level bioindicators and diagnose the stream ecosystem health in polluted streams. Blood chemistry such as total protein ($T_{Pro}$), blood urea nitrogen ($B_{UN}$), total cholesterol ($T_{Cho}$) and $A_{lb}$umin ($A_{lb}$) were analyzed from sentinel fish tissues; the functions of kidney, gill and liver were significantly decreased in the impacted zone ($I_z$), compared to the control zone ($C_z$). Histopathological analysis showed that fish liver tissues were normal in the $C_z$. Fish liver tissues in the $I_z$, however, showed large cell necrosis and degeneration and also had moderate lobular inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytic histocytes. Species biotic index (SBI) at species level and stream health assessment (SHA) at community level indicated that chemical impacts were evident in the $I_z$ (ecological health; poor - very poor), and this was matched with the blood tissue analysis and histopathological analysis. The impairments of the streams were supported by water chemistry analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus). Tolerance guild analysis and trophic guild analysis of fish were showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between $C_z$ and $I_z$. Overall, multiple parameter analysis from biomarker level (blood tissues) to bioindicator level (community health) showed significantly greater impacts in the $I_z$ than $C_z$. This approach may be effective as a monitoring tool in identifying the multilateral and forthcoming problems related to chemical pollution and habitat degradation of stream ecosystems.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2017

Spatial distribution of atmosphereless bodies in the solar system provides an important clue as to their origins, namely asteroids from Mainbelt or comets from outer solar system. It is, however, difficult to distinguish asteroids and dormant comets due to their similar appearances. In this study, we conducted a unique observation to differentiate asteroids and dormant comets in terms of 'polarimetry'. We observed (331471) 1984 QY1 (hereafter QY1) at large phase angles using the Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) on the 1.6-m Pirka Telescope from UT 2016 May 25 to June 24. QY1 is a dormant comet candidate in terms of the dynamical properties (i.e. the Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter, TJ = 2.68). We analyzed the polarization degree of QY1 as a function of phase angle and found its maximum polarization degree, $Pmax=8.68{\pm}0.28%$ and $8.72{\pm}0.38%$, in RC-and V-band, respectively, around the phase angle of ${\alpha}=100^{\circ}$. In addition, we obtained the geometric albedo, $pV=0.16{\pm}0.02$ by means of an empirical slope-albedo law. The polarimetric properties and the albedo value we acquired are similar to those of S-type asteroids rather than cometary nuclei. In this presentation, we introduce our observation and findings. In addition, we further discuss a dynamical transportation process from Mainbelt to the current orbit.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

A Smartphone is an intelligent device combined mobile phone and pc's support functions, and can perform multiple functions to satisfy the demands of users. It has excellent processing power and communication modules(DMB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC etc) to carry out the demands of users. But continuous using of battery power on processor and equipped modules causes acceleration of battery consumption. This means that effective power management in devices like smartphone is important. Therefore, the management of power consumption on system execution and communication module is a serious issue in this field of study. In this paper, we would like to propose a communication module selection algorithm based on energy consumption parameter of each communication module and data transfer time. Our scheme automatically select appropriate communication system to reduce high energy consumption on bluetooth sleep mode so that this scheme is more efficient and effective thus improving user convenience in longer usage time. Experimental results showed the 20% energy saving.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.657-680
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• 2016

Reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams are structural members that predominantly fail in shear. Therefore, determining the shear strength of these types of beams is very important. The strut-and-tie method is commonly used to design deep beams, and this method has been adopted in many building codes (ACI318-14, Eurocode 2-2004, CSA A23.3-2004). In this study, the efficiency of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting the shear strength of RC deep beams is investigated as a different approach to the strut-and-tie method. An ANN model was developed using experimental data for 214 normal and high-strength concrete deep beams from an existing literature database. Seven different input parameters affecting the shear strength of the RC deep beams were selected to create the ANN structure. Each parameter was arranged as an input vector and a corresponding output vector that includes the shear strength of the RC deep beam. The ANN model was trained and tested using a multi-layered back-propagation method. The most convenient ANN algorithm was determined as trainGDX. Additionally, the results in the existing literature and the accuracy of the strut-and-tie model in ACI318-14 in predicting the shear strength of the RC deep beams were investigated using the same test data. The study shows that the ANN model provides acceptable predictions of the ultimate shear strength of RC deep beams (maximum $R^2{\approx}0.97$). Additionally, the ANN model is shown to provide more accurate predictions of the shear capacity than all the other computed methods in this study. The ACI318-14-STM method was very conservative, as expected. Moreover, the study shows that the proposed ANN model predicts the shear strengths of RC deep beams better than does the strut-and-tie model approaches.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.225-244
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• 2020

The influence of boundary conditions on the bending and free vibration behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation is examined using an original novel high order shear theory. The Hamilton's principle is used herein to derive the equations of motion. The number of unknowns and governing equations of the present theory is reduced, and hence makes it simple to use. This theory includes indeterminate integral variables and contains only four unknowns in which any shear correction factor not used, with even less than the conventional theory of first shear strain (FSDT). Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved in displacement field is only four, as against five, six or more in the case of other shear deformation theories. Galerkin's approach is utilized for FGM sandwich plates with six different boundary conditions. The accuracy of the proposed solution is checked by comparing it with other closed form solutions available in the literature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.2581-2587
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• 2010

Nitration of tyrosine and tryptophan residues is common in cells under nitrative stress. However, physiological consequences of protein nitration are not well characterized on a molecular level due to limited availability of the 3D structures of nitrated proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation can be an alternative tool to probe the structural perturbations induced by nitration. In this study we developed molecular mechanics parameters for 3-nitrotyrosine (NIY) and 6-nitrotryptophan (NIW) that are compatible with the AMBER-99 force field. Partial atomic charges were derived by using a multi-conformational restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) methodology that included the geometry optimized structures of both $\alpha$- and $\beta$-conformers of a capped tripeptide ACE-NIY-NME or ACE-NIW-NME. Force constants for bonds and angles were adopted from the generalized AMBER force field. Torsional force constants for the proper dihedral C-C-N-O and improper dihedral C-O-N-O of the nitro group in NIY were determined by fitting the torsional energy profiles obtained from quantum mechanical (QM) geometry optimization with those from molecular mechanical (MM) energy minimization. Force field parameters obtained for NIY were transferable to NIW so that they reproduced the QM torsional energy profiles of ACE-NIW-NME accurately. Moreover, the QM optimized structures of the tripeptides containing NIY and NIW were almost identical to the corresponding structures obtained from MM energy minimization, attesting the validity of the current parameter set. Molecular dynamics simulations of thioredoxin nitrated at the single tyrosine and tryptophan yielded well-behaved trajectories suggesting that the parameters are suitable for molecular dynamics simulations of a nitrated protein.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.307-316
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• 2004

This study examined the cause of the wrinkle defect which is frequently encountered in wire rod rolling of low carbon steel$(C0.08\~0.13wt.\%)$. Even a small defect on the surface of rolled bars can easily develop into fatal cracks during cold heading process of low carbon steel, and it is therefore necessary to minimize inherent defects on the surface of hot rolled bars. Hot rolling process of low carbon steel was analyzed to identify the cause of the wrinkle defect in conjunction with FE analysis. The integrated analysis revealed that the wrinkle defect initiated in the first stage of rolling, and it was at the billet edge where severe deformation and drastic temperature drop were present. To elucidate the micro-mechanical mechanism of the wrinkle defect, hot compression tests were carried out at various temperatures and strain rates using Gleeble-3800. The surface profile of the each other compressed specimens was compared, and rough surface lines were observed at relatively low temperatures. Those surface defects can develop into wrinkles during multi-pass rolling. To control the wrinkle defect in rolling, it is necessary to design an adequate caliber which can minimize the loss of ductility, and thereby prevent flow localization. To use the result of this study fur other steels, the quantitative measure of the wrinkle defect and flow localization parameter should be proposed.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2018

Purpose: Pre-operative lymph node (LN) size is a valuable parameter for determining treatment strategy for gastric cancer. However, a correlation between LN size and metastasis has not been established. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six LN-positive (LNP) and matched 36 LN-negative (LNN) patients were included, and pathology slides of the LNs of these patients were reviewed. All the LNs were measured along the long-axis (LA) and short-axis (SA), manually. Results: Average retrieved LNs were $37.3{\pm}19.8$ and $40.5{\pm}11.6$ in the LNN and LNP groups, respectively. In total 2,800 LNs, including 136 metastatic LNs (MLNs) and 2,664 non-metastatic LNs (nMLNs), were evaluated. Mean length was significantly more in MLNs along both, the LA and SA (MLN_LA vs. nMLN_LA: $4.97{\pm}3.84$ vs. $3.37{\pm}2.40mm$, MLN_SA vs. nMLN_SA: $3.86{\pm}3.19$ vs. $2.43{\pm}1.59mm$; P<0.001). However, 92.6% (126/136) and 95.6% (130/136) of MLNs were <10 mm along the LA and SA, respectively. In addition, only 22.2% of the LNP group exhibited an MLN as the largest LN. Conclusions: Pre-operative multi-detector computed tomography has limited ability in estimating the presence of metastasis in LNs because most MLNs are less than 10 mm, and only a small proportion of the LNP group exhibits an MLN as the largest MLN.