• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-173
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• 2019

Last-Mile delivery optimization plays a key role in the urban supply chain operation, which is the most expensive and time-consuming and most complicated part of the whole delivery process. The urban consolidation center (UCC) is regarded as a significant asset for supporting customer demand in the last-mile delivery service. It is the key benefit of UCC to improve the load balance of vehicles and to reduce the total traveling distance by finding the better route with the well-organized multi-leg vehicle journey in the urban area. This paper presents the model using multiple scenario analysis integrated with mathematical optimization techniques using Geographic Information System (GIS). The model aims to find the best solution for the distribution network consisted of DC and UCC, which is applied to the case of Ulaanbaatar Mongolia. The proposed methodology integrates two sub-models, location-allocation model and vehicle routing problem. The multiple scenarios devised by selecting locations of UCC are compared considering the general performance and delivery patterns together. It has been adopted to make better decisions the quantitative metrics such as the economic value of capital cost, operating cost, and balance of using available resources. The result of this research may help the manager or public authorities who should design the distribution network for the last mile delivery service optimization using UCC within the urban area.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-171
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• 2005

As the mobile telecommunications industry in Korea boasts record-high revenue from its businesses, consumers and other industries are looking for new business applications and opportunities using mobile technologies. Many firms are seeking guidelines or business models for an effective use of this new mobile technology in their operations. This paper reviews the characteristics that distinguish mobile marketing, and analyzes marketing approaches which utilize the potential of the new mobile technologies. This paper shows that the new mobile advertising channel is not only complementary to traditional marketing channels, but also delivers benefits for multiple parties involved in mobile marketing. The key success factors in the new OB (Oriental Brewery) marketing campaign include a shortening of the stages in the AIDMA model and a broadening of customer contact points by exposing the brand through well-coordinated marketing efforts. The OB case shows that a mutually beneficial relationship between co-marketing participants can lead to a win-win marketing strategy. It also highlights that collaborative channel management in mobile marketing methodology is critical for successful mobile marketing.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.35-51
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop and establish the preliminary validity of the Restaurant Accessibility and Task Evaluation Information Tool (RATE-IT), an electronic survey for evaluating restaurant accessibility for people with disabilities. Methods : A multi-phase method was used to develop and validate the RATE-IT. The taxonomy was developed in phase one, while the validity of the content was tested in phase two. Finally, the validity of the constructs was assessed in phase three. Results : The results indicated that appropriate items were included (relevance=0.99 and language level=0.99) and also supported that the RATE-IT evaluated the construct of restaurant accessibility (F=0.72, p=.40). When compared to a checklist of the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) for Buildings and Facilities questions, RATE-IT showed the potential to differentiate restaurants by their level of accessibility (p=.10). Further, the RATE-IT was also easy to use (p<.00), understandable (p<.00), and efficient (p<.00). Conclusion : RATE-IT shows a promising methodology and is strongly preferred by users.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

A smoldering ground fire can be a probable cause of reignition of surface fire when transmitted from Fermentation layer to Humus layer with temperature higher than that of ignition. Purpose of this paper is to identify experimental methodology on the potential risk of a smoldering ground fire, which is similar to the real surface fuel bed, and its combustion characteristics. The fuel model designed in this study is composed of 3 layers such as Litter layer, Fermentation layer and Humus layer and 8 Thermocouples are set through 3 layer at each boundary and in between to detect the temperature change and duration of smoldering and propagation velocity. As a result, it was observed that ignition conditions in the boundary between L layer and F layer determined transmission and non-transmisstion to F-H layer. In addition, range of critical humidity at which a smoldering ground fire was transmitted in a material layer was 33~44% and when temperature exceeds $350^{\circ}C$, likelihood of transmission of a smoldering ground fire was high. In the research, the experimental model for multi-layer smoldering ground fire is suggested and information about propagation of smoldering fire, possibility of reignition according to moisture content, propagation velocity and temperature change are obtained, Also, the built-up methods were established to help analyze basic characteristics of smoldering ground fire.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2004

There are 17 cyber universities granted by the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Department. Most of them have Design department and their educational purpose is practical education. However, their educational process is limited of teaching how to operate computer or production tools and has not offered practical training to students for pre-designer. But it does not mean that students in cyber university are lacking in capability of design. About hundreds of students will graduate from cyber university with a certificate of the completion of a design course on February in 2005. They look for achievement contrary to negatively social view. Because according to the record of 2004 Multi-media major in Seoul Digital University, 73% of them has worked in design field. The purpose of Cyber university is not to instruct a designer but do a lifelong education. I studied how to educate students in cyber university. In other words, I researched an educational methodology in cyber university for practical skill in design, an educational effect in various design contents, an educational process for current designers and beginners, a required education in reality, an limitation of online and an unique contents for design education. And then, I discussed how students in cyber university accept the value of design in online contents and improve their design abilities.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.131-163
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• 1998

The interest in the evaluation of government-sponsored research institutes (GRIs) has increased markedly in Korea in 1990s; this is mainly because of the increasing needs 1) to improve the quality of R&D at GRIs, and 2) to reorient the GRIs' strategic position in Korean national innovation systems due to the enhancement of R&D capabilities of private companies and universities during last decade. As a first attempt to diagnose the managerial and strategic issues of GRIs, a Multi-Ministerial Evaluation Committee was established as an ad hoc task force under the Prime Minister's Office in 1991. According to the recommendations of the committee, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) to which most of GRIs were affiliated, made it a rule to evaluate the annual performance of GRIs since 1992. This paper examines the recent experience of MOST's evaluation of Government-sponsored Research Institute in Korea. After several years'efforts of Science & Technology Policy Institute(STEPI) to build prospective evaluation systenL MOST decided to apply two supplementary approaches for the evaluation of GRIs; one is summative annual evaluation and the other is formative 3-year evaluation. The annual evaluation system that is designed as a temporary measure is to monitor and to guide the self-evaluation activities of GRIs. In the process of annual evaluation, MOST tries to minimize its direct involvement, and allows each GRI to develop self-evaluation system that is most appropriate for the unique characteristics of the institute. If there exist urgent issues under scrutiny, however, it can be incorporated and examined by a group of external experts as special issues in the annual evaluation system. The aim of 3-year evaluation is both to examine the past performance of each GRI and to investigate whether the strategic role of each GRI is viable in the future. Its major focus, however, lies not on auditing past performance but on strengthening future strategic position of each GRI. The MOST designates a group of evaluation experts with appropriate knowledge and competence as members of the General Evaluation Committee for one year. With the help of STEPI, a specialized research institute for R&D evaluation, the General Evaluation Committee develops methodology and procedures for the actual evaluation of GRIs. Based on the evaluation reports and recommendations from the General Evaluation Committee, the MOST develops various policy measures for strengthening GRIs.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2015

Recently, transportation big data generated in the transportation sector has been widely used in the transportation policies making and efficient system management. Bus passengers' mobility patterns are useful insight for transportation policy maker to optimize bus lines and time intervals in a city. We propose a new methodology to discover mobility patterns by using transportation card data. We first estimate the bus stations where the passengers get-off because the transportation card data don't have the get-off information in most cities. We then applies LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), the most representative topic modeling technique, to discover mobility patterns of bus passengers in Cheong-Ju city. To understand discovered patterns, we construct a data warehouse and perform multi-dimensional analysis by bus-route, region, time-period, and the mobility patterns (get-on/get-off station). In the case of Cheong Ju, we discovered mobility pattern 1 from suburban area to Cheong-Ju terminal, mobility pattern 2 from residential area to commercial area, mobility pattern 3 from school areas to commercial area.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

When utilizing a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) for tunnelling work, unexpected ground conditions can be encountered that are not predicted in the design stage. These include fractured zones or mixed ground conditions that are likely to reduce the stability of TBM excavation, and result in considerable economic losses such as construction delays or increases in costs. Minimizing these potential risks during tunnel construction is therefore a crucial issue in any mechanized tunneling project. This paper proposed the potential risk events that may occur due to risky ground conditions. A resistivity survey is utilized to predict the risky ground conditions ahead of the tunnel face during construction. The potential risk events are then evaluated based on their occurrence probability and impact. A TBM risk management system that can suggest proper solution methods (measures) for potential risk events is also developed. Multi-Criterion Decision Making (MCDM) is utilized to determine the optimal solution method (optimal measure) to handle risk events. Lastly, an actual construction site, at which there was a risk event during Earth Pressure-Balance (EPB) Shield TBM construction, is analyzed to verify the efficacy of the proposed system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Change detection technique is essential to various applications of Very High-Resolution(VHR) satellite imagery and land monitoring. However, change detection accuracy of VHR satellite imagery can be decreased due to various geometrical dissimilarity. In this paper, the existing fusion evaluation indexes were revised and applied to improve VHR imagery based change detection accuracy between multi-temporal images. In addition, appropriate change detection methodology of VHR images are proposed through comparison of general change detection algorithm with cross-sharpened image based change detection algorithm. For these purpose, ERGAS, UIQI and SAM, which were representative fusion evaluation index, were applied to unsupervised change detection, and then, these were compared with CVA based change detection result. Methodologies for minimizing the geometrical error of change detection algorithm are analyzed through evaluation of change detection accuracy corresponding to image fusion method, also. The experimental results are shown that change detection accuracy based on ERGAS index by using cross-sharpened images is higher than these based on other estimation index by using general fused image.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.101-114
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• 2016

Purpose - The aim of this study is to investigate the benefit-sharing activities. They affect contract renewal intention between franchisers and franchisees that are linked through a contract with the intention of building their relationship from the level based on dynamic trust. This study will show a new approach on qualitative growth and consolidation of competitive power and may well be able to suggest practical ways to strengthen directions in the field of franchise industries. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, based on literature review, we separated logistical-supporting activities and non-logistical-supporting activities from benefit-sharing activities. We modeled how benefit-sharing activities influence contract renewal intention of franchisees by dynamic trust. In particular, considering the possibility of trading concepts and characteristics of trust between providers opportunistic behaviors was defined as variables, depending on the situation and dynamic characters reveal their relationship trust concept. That is, dynamic trust having the possibility of changing depending on opportunistic risks and interdependencies by Lewis & Weigert(1985, 2012) was classified into transitional-based trust, calculated based trust, relational-based trust and balance-based on trust. The total of 104 samples from domestic franchisees being with franchisees were collected by using a structural composed questionnaire. Results - The results are as following. Benefit-sharing activities in logistical supporting activities appeared to affect the multidimensional concept of transitional trust, calculated based on trust, relationship-based trust and balance based on trust dynamic trust with all-defined impact. Non-logistical supporting activities appeared to affect significantly the positive (+) to the dynamic trust concept except transitional trust. Lewis & Weigert(1985; 2012) have proposed a dynamic confidence calculated from relations within-based trust relationship based on trust appears to affect the significant positive (+) to the balance-based confidence transactions confidence mechanism of the system side in the verified relationship. Finally, a relationship based on trust and confidence in the balance based on the Influence of dynamic renewed confidence showed significantly affect the positive(+). In particular, the balance based trust showed the acts as a mediating factors between relational trust and confidence and renew calculated. Conclusion - From the above these results, the significance from this study is as following. First, the proposed activity is to share and validate the approach by identifying the potential in the relationship from the contract with building dynamic trust, and one of the ways from the franchise headquarters and affiliated merchants mutual growth through win-win cooperation in sharing activities. Next, the dynamic segmentation confidence to suggest the possibility can be broken down over the validity and reliability test for each concept. In addition, by identifying the relationship between the dynamic level of confidence granular multi-dimensional concept, to determine the level of trust with a dynamic relationship between risk and interdependencies can be possible in franchise industries. In order to maintain and develop their mutual relationship, franchise industries should propose confidence-building steps to promote their quality improvement.