• 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2007

This study investigates the voice quality including F0, jitter, shimmer, and NHR for the children with cochlear implant (CI group) and those with normal hearing (NH group). The CI group was further classified two sub-groups depending upon the time of surgery (i.e. under four years vs. over four years). Three corner vowels (e.g. /a/, /i/, /u/) with extended vocalization were used and analyzed with Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (Kay Elemetrics, Model 4300). The statistics were made in two independent sample t-test with SPSS 11.5. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The children with cochlear implanted before 4 years of age had very similar data with the NH group except for the vowel /a/. (2) The children with cochlear implanted after 4 years of age, however, indicated significant differences in Fo (/a/, /i/, /u/), Jitter (/e/), shimmer (/a/, /i/, /u/) and NHR(/a/) in all three vowels. It is concluded that the early CI surgery and the early intervention would be very important to maintain better voice quality.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Total laryngectomy is often required for advanced cases. But this operation induced the many inconvenience of basic daily life. Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is very important to prevent from this disastrous condition. In this point of view, mass screening test for early detection of laryngeal cancer is necessary. Screening test using voice has many advantages such as simple, less interventional. Voice collection by Automatic Response System(ARS) is comfortable and easy to got acoustic sample. Thus author tried to got the acoustic parameters which can differentiate normal, benign. and malignant laryngeal diseases and also checked the availability of parameters on neural network system. Materials and Methods: Author has evaluated the voice from 17 laryngeal cancer patients and 45 benign laryngeal disease patients who visited at Department of Otolaryngology, Pusan National University Hospital from May 1998 to April 2001, and 15 normal control. Author chose the sir Parameters (Jitt. vFo, Shim, vAm, NHR, SPI) that was thought to be related with voice collected by ARS among thirty-three parameters analysed by a Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). Two-step neural network was used for the availability of six parameters. Results: The detection rate of normal voice by ARS voice analysis is 78.5% and detection rate of abnormal voice was 97.1 o/o. Among abnormal voice, the detection rate of benign laryngeal diseases and laryngeal cancers were 82.4 o/o, 70.6% respectively. Conclusion: Author concluded that six parameters and Matlab based neural network software may be effective in development of acoustic screening system for laryngeal cancer and further study should be necessary for development of new acoustic parameters.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2020

음질 분석에 매우 유용한 Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), Praat, Time-Frequency Analysis software (TF32)는 각각의 음향학적 검사에 사용된 알고리즘 차이로 인해 그 측정치에 차이가 있을 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 각각의 음향학적 검사 도구로 음성 측정치를 비교 분석하여 분석 도구에 따른 음향학적 검사 변수의 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 정상 성인 총 35명 (남성 19명, 여성 16명)을 대상으로 모음 /아/를 수집한 후, 동일한 음성을 MDVP, Praat, TF32 각각의 음향학적 검사 도구로 분석하였다. 그 결과 jitter 변수(J local, J abs, J rap, J ppq), shimmer 변수(S local, S dB, S apq), noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR) 평균의 경우, 남성과 여성 모두 MDVP보다 Praat의 수치가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<.01). 또한 J local, J abs, S local 평균의 경우, 남성과 여성 모두 MDVP, Praat, TF32 순으로 통계적으로 유의하게 낮아졌다. 결론적으로 각 음향학적 검사 도구에 사용된 알고리즘 차이로 인해 도구 간의 측정치에 차이가 있었다. 그러므로 임상가들이 임상현장에서 각각의 음향학적 검사 도구를 사용할 때 각 도구의 알고리즘에 대해 이해한 후 병적 음성을 분석하는 것이 중요할 것이다.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of eating a raw egg by professional or nonprofessional voice users on their voice quality and the duration of the effect. 20 professional voice users and 20 nonprofessional voice users participated in the experiment and they had gone through stroboscopy to have no vocal or laryngeal diseases. The voice exam was performed three times: before eating a raw egg (1st period), right after eating it (2nd period), and 10 minutes later (3rd period). By using Multi-dimensional Voice Program which is a software of Computerized Speech Lab 4500 as a voice analysis instrument, the authors checked the F0, Jitter, Shimmer, Noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and Voice Range Profile (VRP). Results showed as follows: Firstly, vocal hygiene was good in 57.5% of the total subjects and was poor in 42.5%. 40% of professional voice users and 75% of nonprofessional voice users hand good quality. 77.5% of the total subjects had the vocal fatigue while 22.5% of the subjects did not. 95% of the professional voice users and 60% of nonprofessional voice users complained the vocal fatigue. 60% of the total subjects reported a subjective vocal symptom. 65.0% professional voice users and 70.0% of nonprofessional voice users reported a voice symptom. From the results above, we suggest that eating a raw egg may lead to imporve voice quality of the professional voice users.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The elderly are at increased risk of developing dysphagia due to aging and illnesses. The aim of the current study was to analyze, via an acoustic study, the change in the voice quality of normal elderly people after a 3oz water-swallow test. Subjects included a group of 60 normal elderly people (age: $mean{\pm}SD=76.9{\pm}6.66$) and 60 healthy young adults (age: $mean{\pm}SD=25.1{\pm}2.36$). Every participant produced a five-second /a/ phonation pre- and post-swallowing, and the fractioned two-second sections were analyzed using the MDVP (multi dimensional voice program) analysis. The elderly group demonstrated a post-swallowing increase in the following related acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency variation, amplitude-variation, and noise in both two-second sections. However, the younger group showed an increase only in frequency related acoustic parameters (i.e., STD ) in the first two-second section. The significant changes in values in the post-swallowing parameters might indicate temporary irregularities in pitch and amplitude along with higher amounts of noise in the voice. The results could be attributed to water residues in the vocal fold and vocal tract, as well as a deterioration of the motor and sensory functions caused by anatomical and physiological changes that result from aging.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 1996년도 제6회 학술대회 심포지움
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• pp.76-76
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• 1996

음성분석검사는 주어진 음성의 주파수, 진폭, 시간 등의 기본 변수를 이용하여 음성을 객관적으로 비교, 분석하는 방법 중의 하나이며, 그 중 MDVP(Multi-dimensional voice program, Kay Elemetrics Corp, NJ, USA)는 33가지 방법의 다양한 계산을 통하여 주어진 음성을 여러 가지 측면에서 분석이 가능하게 하는 장점을 갖고 있다. 그러나 약 3초 내외의 지속적인 /아/ 발성을 기계적으로 분석하고 있기 때문에 발성의 상태에 따라 한 환자의 음성에서도 여러 가지 일정치 않은 결과를 보일 수 있음을 관찰하였다. (중략)

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The etiology and pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia is yet unknown. This study was performed to determine if any laryngeal aerodynamic parameter distinguish the voice of patient diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia from individuals with normal voice production and to investigate the pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia. Materials and Methods : fifteen women diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia and fifteen normal control women participitated in this study Maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, subglottic pressure, vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, VTI, FTRI, ATRI, Jitter percent, Shimmer percent were obtained from the participants using 'MDVP(multi-dimensional voice program)' of CSL(Computerized Speech lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model No. 4300), and 'maximum sustained phonation' and 'IPIPI test' of AP II(Aerophone II, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model 6800). Results : T-test statistical analysis revealed statistically different values for vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, MPT, litter percent, Shimmer percent between the spasmodic dysphonia group and the control group. Conclusions : Spasmodic dysphonia affects the ability of the laryngeal mechanism to function effectively. Results from our study demonstrate that certain aerodynamic and acoustic parameters distinguish adductor spasmodic dysphonia from normal voice.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to identify the differences in GRBAS scales between vocal sample types (sustained vowels and connected speech) for specific laryngeal conditions (vocal nodules, vocal polyps and vocal paralysis) and the relations between GRBAS scale and Shimmer value in each vocal sample type. In this study, the total of 60 voice samples of 30 patients (10 vocal nodules, 10 vocal polyps, 10 vocal paralysis) were examined and MDVP (Multi-dimensional Voice Program) was used to analyze Shimmer value. Three listeners rated two types of samples which were sorted randomly based on GRBAS scale. Three-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used. The outcome of this study was as follow. 1) GRBAS scales varied in vocal sample types. Listeners tended to assess voices as better quality when they listened connected speech rather than sustained vowels. 2) G score of GRBAS and Shimmer were positively correlated with statistical significance. This results show that 1) vocal specialists should consider the sample types in evaluating the severity of voice problem and 2) G score could be a simple and clear method.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2010

목 적 : 애성 및 음성 변동은 심장병 환자에서 관찰될 수 있는데 이러한 음성 변동 정도를 음향학적 지표의 평가로 분석하여, 소아에서 선천성 심장병 종류에 따른 음성 변동을 음향학적 요소로 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 수술 전 선천성 심장병 환아 94명을 연구 대상으로 하였고 심실 중격 결손, 동맥관 개존, 심방 중격 결손, 폐동맥 협착, 활로 사징이 포함되었으며, 음성 변동을 조사하기 위한 음향 지표 분석은 통증 자극을 통하여 얻어진 음성 자료를 multi-dimensional voice program system을 이용하여 평가하였다. 연구에 사용된 음향 지표로 average fundamental frequency, length of analyzed sample, jitter percent, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 음향 지표인 average fundamental frequency은 동맥관 개존, 심실 중격 결손, 활로 사징 경우에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈으며, length of analyzed sample은 연구 대상 선천성 심장병 환아에서 대조군에 비해 의미있는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Jitter percent, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio는 심실 중격 결손, 동맥관 개존, 심방 중격 결손에서 대조군에 비해 증가되었다. 이러한 음성 변동은 연구 대상 선천성 심장병 중 동맥관 개존에서 음도변이, 강도변이, 음성의 소음 정도가 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 동맥관 개존, 심실 중격 결손, 심방 중격 결손 순으로 그 음성 변동의 특징을 나타냈다. 결 론 : 수술 전 선천성 심장병 환아에서 음성을 음향학적 지표로 비교 분석한 결과 음향학적 지표들이 심장 질환의 유형별 차이를 보이는데 좌우 단락 심질환군에서 현저한 비정상적 음향학적 지표를 나타냈다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1997

Measuring phonatory stability using MDVP(Multi-dimensional voice program, Kay Elemetrics Corp., NJ, USA) are becoming popular in many Korean clinics and laboratories, yet questions about standardization and reference values have remained. The purpose of present study was to examine the effects of frequency and intensity variation on the results of acoustic analysis related to phonatory stability. Twenty young adults(ten females and ten males) were asked to sustain vowel /a/ for more than 3 seconds under 9 different pitch and loudness conditions. Using MDVP, nine voice samples were analyzed, and jitter percent, fundamental frequency variation, shimmer percent, peak amplitude variation, noise to harmonic ratio, amplitude tremor intensity index, and degree of subharmonics were compared. The results showed that intensity changes can significantly affect various phonatory stability measures, and the lowest perturbation values can be obtained from slightly louder(10dB) phonatory condition than comfortable level phonation.