• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2000

Vacuolar (H$^{+}$)-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an intracellular protein which consists of multiple subunits. It carries out acidification by pumping protons in the cell. This enzyme has also been found in the synaptic vesicles and may play an important role in the neurotransmission. We cloned cDNA fragments encoding the 16 kDa subunit of V-ATPase from the rat brain by RT-PCR and PCR using total RNA or recombinant phage DNA as templates. They contained the full coding sequences (468 bp) and one nucleotide at 3' region turned out to be different (A to C) when compared to the liver counterpart. However, this polymorphic difference did not cause any significant change in the primary structure of the protein because both GCA and GCC code for alanine. Our study would contribute to the understanding of the function of 16 M)a V-ATPase in the brain and of the mechanisms of neurotransmission.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.56 no.2 s.101
• /
• pp.134-146
• /
• 2006

Modern society is a multi-cultural consumer society, and there are multiple trends to cater to the tastes of diverse consumers with different sociocultural background. To grasp fashion trends in fast-changing society, how consumer life is changing and what sort of trend is prevailing should be understood above all. A major fashion trend keeps on changing in every season, and that is an extensive and compound measure of what affects the lives and values of cultural receivers who take the lead in it. The purpose of this study was to delve into what sorts of trends were presented in the 21st century's different cultures, how those cultures were reflected in fashion trends, and how design elements predicted by fashion trends could serve as the sources of design that could create a new fashion. The findings of the study were as follows: First of all, the theories of popular culture and trends were reviewed to describe how general receivers found meaning and delight in the products of cultural industry in their own way and how the products were converted into diverse cultural media. Secondly, consumer styles were discussed by classifying consumers into six groups, twixter, duppie, Ubi-Nomad, NONOS, LOHAS and chav, who were generated by changing cultural codes. Thirdly, sociocultural trends and consumer changes brought a lot of diverse changes to fashion trends. The visual materials about the 2005 S/S, F/W Collection were examined to track how changing trends affected fashion style.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.114-119
• /
• 2011

Large Power transformer is a complex and critical component of power plant and consists of cellulosic paper, insulation oil, core, coil etc. Insulation materials of transformer and related equipment break down to liberate dissolved gas due to corona, partial discharge, pyrolysis or thermal decomposition. The dissolved gas kinds can be related to the type of electrical faults, and the rate of gas generation can indicate the severity of the fault. The identities of gases being generated are using very useful to decide the condition of transformation status. Therefore dissolved gas analysis is one of the best condition monitoring methods for power transformer. Also, on-line multi-gas analyzer has been developed and installed to monitor the condition of critical transformers. Rogers method, IEC method, key gas method and Duval Triangle method are used to failure diagnosis typically, and those methods are using the ratio or kinds of dissolved gas to evaluate the condition of transformer. This paper analyzes the reliability of transformer diagnostic methods considering actual dissolved gas concentration. Fault diagnosis is performed based on the dissolved gas of five transformers which experienced various fault respectively in the field, and the diagnosis result is compared with the actual off-line fault analysis. In this comparison result, Diagnostic methods using dissolved gas ratio like Rogers method, IEC method are sometimes fall outside the ratio code and no diagnosis but Duval triangle method and Key gas method is correct comparatively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2014

The temperature distribution of steady state rolling tires with detailed tread blocks is numerically predicted using the three dimensional full patterned tire model. A three dimensional periodic patterned tire model is constructed by copying 1-sector mesh in the circumferential direction. Using the static tire contact analysis, the strain cycles during one revolution are approximated with the strains at Guassian points of the elements which are sector-wise repeated within the same circular ring of elements, by neglecting the tire rolling effect. Based upon the multi-axial fatigue theory, the maximum principal strain is used to represent the combined effect of six strain components on the hysteretic loss. In the following, the deformation due to the inflation and vertical load is calculated using ABAQUS. Then heat generation rate in each element is calculated using an in-house code. Lastly, temperature distribution is calculated using ABAQUS again. Through the numerical experiments, the validity of the proposed prediction method is examined by comparing with the experiment and the temperature distribution of a patterned tire model is compared with those of the main-grooved simple tire model.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 2013

Stirred tank is widely used in various industries for mixing operations and chemical reactions for single- or multi-phase fluid systems. For designing agitator of high performance, quantity data of internal flow characteristics influenced by mixing performance are definitely confirmed but quantity analysis about the transient flow characteristics of complicate structure is recognized as difficult problem in the present. In this study, two models of commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3 used to propose suitable for the tank analysis. Agitation of Stirred tank is analyzed using a mixed model and the flow in the stirred tank is analyzed using a standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. Multiple reference frame(MRF) and Sliding mesh(SM), the analysis techniques were used For compare a result of CFD with a visualization experiment result, to grasp internal flow and mixing characteristic in stirred tank and to present fundamental analysis method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.569-588
• /
• 2015

A comprehensive methodology is proposed for design of metallic dampers in seismic retrofit of earthquake-damaged frame structures. It is assumed that the metallic dampers remain elastic and only provide stiffness during frequent earthquake (i.e., earthquake with a 63% probability of exceedance in 50-year service period), while in precautionary earthquake (i.e., earthquake with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50-year service period), the metallic dampers yield before the main frame and dissipate most of the seismic energy to either prevent or minimize structural damages. Therefore by converting multi-story frame to an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system, the added stiffness provided by metallic dampers is designed to control elastic story drifts within code-based demand under frequent earthquake, and the added damping with the combination of added stiffness influences is obtained to control structural stress within performance-based target under precautionary earthquake. With the equivalent added damping ratio, the expected damping forces provided by metallic dampers can be calculated to carry out the configuration and design of metallic dampers along with supporting braces. Based on a detailed example for retrofit of an earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete frame by using metallic dampers, the proposed design procedure is demonstrated to be simple and practical, which can not only meet current China's design codes but also be used in retrofit design of earthquake-damaged frame with metallic damper for reaching desirable performance objective.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.851-860
• /
• 2009

Recently, among the computational methods of protein-protein interaction prediction, vast amounts of domain based methods originated from domain-domain relation consideration have been developed. However, it is true that multi domains collaboration is avowedly ignored because of computational complexity. In this paper, we implemented a protein interaction prediction system based the Interaction Significance matrix, which quantified an influence of domain combination pair on a protein interaction. Unlike conventional domain combination methods, IS matrix contains weighted domain combinations and domain combination pair power, which mean possibilities of domain collaboration and being the main body on a protein interaction. About 63% of sensitivity and 94% of specificity were measured when we use interaction data from DIP, IntAct and Pfam-A as a domain database. In addition, prediction accuracy gradually increased by growth of learning set size, The prediction software and learning data are currently available on the web site.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.872-877
• /
• 2011

In this paper, the new decoding algorithm of Block Turbo Codes using Channel State Information(CSI), which is estimated to compensate for the distorted signal caused by multi-path fading, is proposed in order to improve error correction capacity during decoding procedure in OFDM system. The performance of the new decoding algorithm is compared to that of the conventional decoding algorithm without using channel state information under the Rayleigh fading channel. Experimental results showed that in case of only one iteration coding gains of up to 5.0dB~9.0dB can be obtained by applying the channel state information to the conventional decoding algorithm according to the modulation methods. In addition to that, the new decoding algorithm using channel state information at only one iteration shows a performance improvement of 3.5dB to 5.0dB when compared to the conventional decoding algorithm after four iterations. This leads to reduce the considerable amount of computation.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.211-228
• /
• 2013

The structure analyzed in this paper has particular building style and special structural system. It is a rigid-connected twin-tower skyscraper with asymmetrical distribution of stiffness and masses in two towers. Because of the different stiffness between the north and the south towers, the torsion seismic vibration is significant. In this paper, in order to study the seismic response of the structure under both frequent low-intensity earthquakes as well as rare earthquakes at the levels of intensity 7, the analysis model is built and analyzed with NosaCAD. NosaCAD is an nonlinear structure analysis software based on second-development of AutoCAD with ObjectARX. It has convenient modeling function, high computational efficiency and diversity post-processing functions. The deformations, forces and damages of the structure are investigated based on the analysis. According to the analysis, there is no damage on the structure under frequent earthquakes, and the structure has sufficient capacity and ductility to resist rare earthquakes. Therefore the structure can reach the goal of no damage under frequent earthquakes and no collapse under rare earthquakes. The deformation of the structure is below the limit in Chinese code. The time sequence and distribution of damages on tubes are reasonable, which can dissipate some dynamic energy. At last, according to forces, load-carrying capacity and damage of elements, there are some suggestions on increasing the reinforcement in the core tube at base and in stiffened stories.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.39A no.3
• /
• pp.127-139
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we present two signal processing techniques for designing binary error correction codes for Multi-Level Cell(MLC) NAND flash memory. MLC NAND flash memory saves the non-binary symbol at each cell and shows asymmetric channel LLR l-density which makes it difficult to design soft-decision binary error correction codes such as LDPC codes and Polar codes. Therefore, we apply density mirroring and EM algorithm for approximating the MLC NAND flash memory channel to the binary-input memoryless channel. The density mirroring processes channel LLRs to satisfy roughly all-zero codeword assumption, and then EM algorithm is applied to l-density after density mirroring for approximating it to mixture of symmetric Gaussian densities. These two signal processing techniques make it possible to use conventional code design algorithms, such as density evolution and EXIT chart, for MLC NAND flash memory channel.