• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1673-1678
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• 2016

In the area of the speech recognition processing, background noises are caused the incorrect response to the speech input, therefore the speech recognition rates are decreased by the background noises. Accordingly, a more high level noise processing techniques are required since these kinds of noise countermeasures are not simple. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm to distinguish between the stationary background noises or non-stationary background noises and the speech signal having short time duration in the noisy environments. The proposed algorithm uses the characteristic parameter of the improved speech signal as an important measure in order to distinguish different types of the background noises and the speech signals. Next, this algorithm estimates various kinds of the background noises using a multi-layer perceptron neural network. In this experiment, it was experimentally clear the estimation of the background noises and the speech signals.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.23 no.1 s.59
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• pp.83-98
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• 2006

This study proposes a template-based method of automatic summarization of multiple news articles using the semantic categories of sentences. First, the semantic categories for core information to be included in a summary are identified from training set of documents and their summaries. Then, cue words for each slot of the template are selected for later classification of news sentences into relevant slots. When a news article is input, its event/accident category is identified, and key sentences are extracted from the news article and filled in the relevant slots. The template filled with simple sentences rather than original long sentences is used to generate a summary for an event/accident. In the user evaluation of the generated summaries, the results showed the 54.l% recall ratio and the 58.l% precision ratio in essential information extraction and 11.6% redundancy ratio.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.696-708
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• 2002

In this paper, a novel transcoding algorithm for the Adaptive Multi Rate(AMR) and the Enhanced Variable Rate Codec(EVRC) vocoders via direct parameter transformation is proposed. In contrast to the conventional tandem transcoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm converts the parameters of one coder to the other without going through the decoding and encoding processes. The proposed algorithm consists of the parameter decoding, frame classification, mode decision, and transcoders for two frame types. The transcoders convert the parameters such as LSP, frame energy, pitch delay for the adaptive codebook, fixed codebook vector, and codebook gains. Evaluation results show that while exhibiting better computational and delay characteristics, the proposed algorithm produces equivalent speech quality to that produced by the tandem transcoding algorithm.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1997

The World Wide Web (Web) is one of the most popular internet tool on now, In this reason most of common user, they understand the Web is internet and Web content is also important issues on this side. However, commonly Web content created by one of Web content creator and sometime they refer the another document and link. In these kinds of environments cause tile delivery of incorrect information or linking to another Web user. There are lots of way to protect the incorrect information deliveries to Web user and the most famous one is Computer Supported Cooperation Work (CSCW). This supports the multi-user environment on single system environment, but this needs more additional things in the current internet environment Current internet defined as distributed information network not tile traditional client-server environment. Specially, Intranet environments need to support the heterogeneous system environment like several Rinds of database, systems like PC, Mac and UNIX workstation, and etc. In this reason, we need collaboration and this would serve the common user interface to all of Web user. In these paper, we review the current concept of CSCW and grouoware that are major concept of collaboration and definition, classification and problem analysis of the collaboration. Finally, we suggest the construction method of collaboration environment for Web.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2016

Glucose tolerance tests have been devised to determine the speed of blood glucose clearance. Diabetes is often tested with the standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), along with fasting glucose level. However, no single test may be sufficient for the diagnosis, and the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has suggested composite criteria. Accordingly, a single multi-class trait was constructed with three of the fasting phenotypes and 1- and 2-hour OGTT phenotypes from the Korean Association Resource (KARE) project, and the genetic association was investigated. All of the 18 possible combinations made out of the 3 sets of classification for the individual phenotypes were taken into our analysis. These were possible due to a method that was recently developed by us for estimating genomic associations using a generalized index of dissimilarity. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were found to have the strongest main effect are reported with the corresponding genes. Four of them conform to previous reports, located in the CDKAL1 gene, while the other 4 SNPs are new findings. Two-order interacting SNP pairs of are also presented. One pair (rs2328549 and rs6486740) has a prominent association, where the two single-nucleotide polymorphism locations are CDKAL1 and GLT1D1. The latter has not been found to have a strong main effect. New findings may result from the proper construction and analysis of a composite trait.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

This paper defines the visual basic speech units, visemes and investigates various visual features of a lip for the effective Korean lipreading. First, we analyzed the visual characteristics of the Korean vowels from the database of the lip image sequences obtained from the multi-speakers, thereby giving a definition of seven Korean vowel visemes. Various spatio-temporal features of a lip are extracted from the feature points located on both inner and outer lip contours of image sequences and their classification performances are evaluated by using a hidden Markov model based classifier for effective lipreading. The experimental results for recognizing the Korean visemes have demonstrated that the feature victor containing the information of inner and outer lip contours can be effectively applied to lipreading and also the direction and magnitude of the movement of a lip feature point over time is quite useful for Korean lipreading.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.47-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the direction of 'One Book, One City' community reading campaign by analyzing the characteristics of selected books, including their classification numbers, subject headings, publication dates, and genres. An analysis of lists of 'One Book, One City' Reading Promotions Projects' available from the website of the Library of Congress, the Center for the Books, and bibliographic records of 210 books from LC OPAC, shows the preference for the recently published American literatures in the genre of Bildungsromane and domestic fiction which describe the life of people with multi-cultural or ethnic backgrounds. It is confirmed that 'One Book, One City' community reading campaign has been consistently oriented to achieve the understanding and integration of a community by reading and discussion of one book.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study describes measurements of fast ice recorded on May 23, 2009, in Kongsfjorden (translated as 'Kongs Fjord'), an inlet on the west coast of Spitsbergen in the Svalbard Archipelago. Seasonal fast ice is an important feature for Svalbard fjords, both in relation to their physical environment and also the local ecosystem, since it grows seaward from the coast and remains in place throughout the winter. Ice thickness, snow, ice properties, and wind speed were measured, while SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data was observed simultaneously observed two times from ALOS-PALSAR (L-band). Measured ice thickness was about 25-35 cm while the thickness of ice floe broken from fast ice was measured as 10-15 cm. Average salinity was 1.9-2.0 ppt during the melting period. Polarimetric data was used to extract H/A/alpha-angle parameters of fast ice, ice floe, snow and glacier, which was classified into 18 classes based on these parameters. It was established that the area of fast ice represents surface scattering which indicates low and medium entropy surface scatters such as Bragg and random surfaces, while fast ice covered with snow belongs to a zone of low entropy surface scattering similar to snow-covered land surfaces. The results of this study will contribute to various interpretations of interrelationships between H/A/alpha parameters and the wave scattering Phenomenon of sea ice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2007

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an episodic, multi-system, autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissues and by the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), especially antibodies to native (double-stranded) DNA (dsDNA). Its clinical manifestations are extremely variable, and its natural history is unpredictable. Untreated, SLE is often progressive and has a significant fatality rate. The most widely used criteria for the classification of SLE are those of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), which were revised in 1982 and modified in 1997. The presence of four criteria have been diagnosed as a SLE. Rashes are common at onset and during active disease. The oral mucosa is the site of ulceration with SLE. Arthralgia and arthritis affect most children and these symptoms are short in duration and can be migratory. Lupus nephritis may be more frequent and of greater severity in children than in adults. The initial manifestation of nephritis is microscopic hematuria, followed by proteinuria. The most common neuropsychiatric symptoms are depression, psychosis(hallucination and paranoia) and headache. CNS disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation. Libman-Sacks endocarditis is less common in children. The most frequently described pleuropulmonary manifestations are pleural effusions, pleuritis, pneunonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage. During the active phase ESR, CRP, gamma globulin, ferritin and anti-dsDNA are elevated. Antibodies to dsDNA occur in children with active nephritis. Antibodies to the extractable nuclear antigens (Sm, Ro/SS-A, La/SS-B) are strongly associated with SLE. Specific treatment should be individualized and based on the severity of the disease. Sepsis has replaced renal failure as the most common cause of death.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-156
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• 1998

Cooperative query answering is a research effort to develop a fault-tolerant and intelligent database system using the semantic knowledge base constructed from the underlying database. Such knowledge base has two aspects of usage. One is supporting the cooperative query answering Process for providing both an exact answer and neighborhood information relevant to a query. The other is supporting ongoing maintenance of the knowledge base for accommodating the changes in the knowledge content and database usage purpose. Existing studies have mostly focused on the cooperative query answering process but paid little attention on the dynamic knowledge base maintenance. This paper proposes a multi-level knowledge representation framework called Knowledge Abstraction Hierarchy (KAH) that can not only support cooperative query answering but also permit dynamic knowledge maintenance. The KAH consists of two types of knowledge abstraction hierarchies. The value abstraction hierarchy is constructed by abstract values that are hierarchically derived from specific data values in the underlying database on the basis of generalization and specialization relationships. The domain abstraction hierarchy is built on the various domains of the data values and incorporates the classification relationship between super-domains and sub-domains. On the basis of the KAH, a knowledge abstraction database is constructed on the relational data model and accommodates diverse knowledge maintenance needs and flexibly facilitates cooperative query answering. In terms of the knowledge maintenance, database operations are discussed for the cases where either the internal contents for a given KAH change or the structures of the KAH itself change. In terms of cooperative query answering, database operations are discussed for both the generalization and specialization Processes, and the conceptual query handling. A prototype system has been implemented at KAIST that demonstrates the usefulness of KAH in ordinary database application systems.