• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.5
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• pp.1143-1148
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• 2004

To develop multi-tier model or distributed architecture based distributed application needs to consider various aspects such as division of role between web-designer and software developer, defining entity and its usage, database connection and transaction processing etc. This paper presents DONSL(Data Server of Non SQL-Query) architecture that provides solution to above aspects through web-tier object modeling. This is the architecture that guarantees the transaction processing and performance between web-tier and DBMS through simplified usage of query logic property. This new conceptual framework also solves enterprise site implementation problems simplifying tier, and removing DAO(Data Access Object) and entity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.975-978
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• 2005

최근 사용자 요구 사항의 증대로 기존 2계층 아키텍처 기반 시스템에서의 제약 요인을 개선한 다중 계층 아키텍처 기반의 시스템으로 전환하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존 2계층 아키텍처 기반의 시스템과 다중 계층 아키텍처 기반의 시스템에 대한 비교 우위의 분석을 통하여 보다 나은 시스템을 도출하고, 도출된 시스템의 구현 방안을 모색하는 데에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2계층 아키텍처와 다중 계층 아키텍처의 구성 체계를 비교한 후 다중 계층 아키텍처의 비교 우위를 알 수 있었다. 또한 이의 구현을 위한 주요 개념인 COM+, 컴포넌트, 객체등을 분석하였으며, 다중 계층 아키텍처 기반 시스템의 클라이언트 시스템 계층, 비즈니스 계층을 구현하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

The construction industry has been experiencing a major challenge in its work force, 'the shortage of skilled craft workers.' This problem has been caused by several factors such as the poor image of the construction industry, lack of training and education, unclear career path, declining wages, and changing work force demographics. A 'step-change' approach called the 'Two-Tier Work Force Strategy' has been proposed by the Center for Construction Industry Studies (CCIS) to deal with the work force related issues in a radical way. It is composed of two separate strategies, Tier I and II. The Tier I strategy uses less skilled and task trained craft workers, and has a larger administrative site management team than the Tier II strategy. The Tier II strategy utilizes fewer, better-educated, and higher skilled workers who perform some lower-management functions in addition to craft functions. They are paid more, but produce more through higher skills, stay on the job longer through multi-skilling, and deliver improved project performance in safety, quality, schedule, and cost The Two-Tier Work Force Strategy has the potential to resolve the current work force problems and foster a better work force environment in the future.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.327-338
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• 2011

With the incitation to reduce power consumption and the aggressive reuse of spectral resources, there is an inevitable trend towards the deployment of small-cell networks by decomposing a traditional single-tier network into a multi-tier network with very high throughput per network area. However, this cell size reduction increases the complexity of network operation and the severity of cross-tier interference. In this paper, we consider a downlink two-tier network comprising of a multiple-antenna macrocell base station and a single femtocell access point, each serving multiples users with a single antenna. In this scenario, we treat the following beamforming optimization problems: i) Total transmit power minimization problem; ii) mean-square error balancing problem; and iii) interference power minimization problem. In the presence of perfect channel state information (CSI), we formulate the optimization algorithms in a centralized manner and determine the optimal beamformers using standard convex optimization techniques. In addition, we propose semi-decentralized algorithms to overcome the drawback of centralized design by introducing the signal-to-leakage plus noise ratio criteria. Taking into account imperfect CSI for both centralized and semi-decentralized approaches, we also propose robust algorithms tailored by the worst-case design to mitigate the effect of channel uncertainty. Finally, numerical results are presented to validate our proposed algorithms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

This research was conducted to develop and analyze a wireless monitoring system for judging if sick or dead layers (SDL) exist in multi-tier layers battery (MLB) by machine vision, and to evaluate the performance between a wired monitoring system and it. This study used the AP (Access Point), the RS-285 to RS-232 converter, RS-232 to Ethernet converter, PICBASIC board and upgraded lump image processing method to change wired monitoring system into wireless monitoring system. The system was tested at a pilot farm and farm layer house. Results showed that monitoring judgement success rate at a pilot farm on normal cage (without SDL) was 82.3% and that on abnormal cage (with SDL) was 87.5%, respectively. And communication performance test results showed at farm layer house was $700{\sim}900$ kbps while equipments operated. There were dropped slightly than performance of wired monitoring system, however, the quantity was too small to make a significant difference of performance of the controling system developed for wireless communication.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1320-1330
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• 2017

Wireless sensor networks for forest monitoring are typically deployed in fields in which manual intervention cannot be easily accessed. An interesting approach to extending the lifetime of sensor nodes is the use of energy harvested from the environment. Design constraints are application-dependent and based on the monitored environment in which the energy harvesting takes place. To reduce energy consumption, we designed a power management scheme that combines dynamic duty cycle scheduling at the network layer to plan node duty time. The dynamic duty cycle scheduling is realized based on a tier structure in which the network is concentrically organized around the sink node. In addition, the multi-paths preserved in the tier structure can be used to deliver residual packets when a path failure occurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a better performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

This paper proposes a novel two-tier optimization approach for decision making in many-objective problems. Because the Pareto-optimal solution ratio increases exponentially with an increasing number of objectives, simply finding the Pareto-optimal solutions is not sufficient for decision making in many-objective problems. In other words, it is necessary to discriminate the more preferable solutions from the other solutions. In the proposed approach, user preference-oriented as well as diverse Pareto-optimal solutions can be obtained as candidate solutions by introducing an additional tier of optimization. The second tier of optimization employs the corresponding secondary objectives, global evaluation and crowding distance, which were proposed in previous works, to represent the users preference to a solution and the crowdedness around a solution, respectively. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, decision making for some benchmark functions is conducted, and the outcomes with and without the proposed approach are compared. The experimental results demonstrate that the decisions are successfully made with consideration of the users preference through the proposed approach.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1367-1374
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a model which can prioritize the performance improvement work by analyzing the major risks and their influence, which can cause performance degradation in the system and show an example of a performance improvement using this model. In presentation-tier, as a result of log data analysis before and after the performance improvement of key processes which handle financial transactions, this model brought the CPU utilization and memory enhancement in the performance improvement work of the financial system which was carried out by applying the proposed model. It has been confirmed that the entire end-user can be accommodated. In the web-tier, the available memory increased by 200MB and we were able to improve the server restart(Recycling) that was sustained in the existing system. In the business logic-tier, we have been able to see better figures after performance improvements through the graph which analyzes the log collected with the key performance counters such as CPU%, Batch Requests/sec. In the data-tier, it has been confirmed that CPU usage and standby operation were reduced and the throughput was found to increase.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.55-60
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• 2015

This paper introduces a program structure that minimizes the client's business logic by reducing the client's specifications as a way of minimizing the limitations of online game platforms. The objective of this thesis is to design an online game that is based on a 3-tier client/server structure, and thus using this 3-tier structure to ultimately create an online Sutda game that anyone can enjoy. The progression of newly released games is highly based on the mobile market and the number of online games being launched is decreasing. As the mobile game market grows, more and more multi-platform games are being developed and target platforms within online games are greatly diversifying. Through these situations, this thesis minimizes the client's business logic through a 3-tier structure of application-middleware-database, and also proposes an online game client/server that allows three or more users to participate simultaneously through the server.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1195-1198
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• 2008

본 논문은 다중 Tier 상에서 온라인 서비스 대량 데이타 처리를 빠르고 정확하게 클라이언트에 전달하는 기법을 제안한다. Tier 가 많은 온라인 서비스상에서 대량의 데이타를 빠르게 처리하는 데에는 많은 어려움이 있다. Tier 간 지연 시간의 최소화, 네트워크 대역폭를 고려한 트란잭션(Transaction)의 적절한 분할 통신, 이 기종간의 데이타 변환 시 처리속도 개선 등이 해결해야 할 주요한 요건이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 이러한 문제들이 해결된다고 해서 괄목할 만한 성능의 개선은 쉽게 나타나지 않는다. 그 이유는 바로 Partial Query에 의한 데이타 통신이 꾸준히 반복 발생하기 때문이다. 온라인 서비스의 특성상 대량 데이타는 많은 사용자의 효율적인 트란잭션 처리를 위하여 분할(Partial) 처리되어 통신하는 방식을 기준으로 사용하고 있다. 이러한 방식을 준수 하기 위해서는 데이타 사이즈에 비례하는 반복의 증가가 불가피하다. 그래서 반복 횟수를 줄이는데 포커스를 두고 온라인 서비스 대량 데이타 처리에 대한 성능 데스트를 진행한 결과 반복이 최소화 될수록 성능은 최대한으로 유지되며, 다른 어떤 기술적인 요소를 개선하는 것보다 큰 효과를 볼 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.