• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.14-23
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• 2009

Most of the volunteering and community service had no direct link with classroom learning. Service-learning educational methodology that directly and intentionally integrates the classroom learning with service to the community. Research has found that this combination can improve the academic learning of the course material, give participants a deeper understanding of the social issues they address and provide valuable community services. And, service-learning has been offend environment to meet many of the KEC 2005 criteria that many be difficult to integrate into traditional engineering course. In studying, recognizing why service learning is a new attempt what is different form other learning experiences, we would like to search management strategies for service learning course and program development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2018

In spite of the growing importance of landscaping trees, the rate of flawed and withered trees damaged by pest, disease, drought or frost is increasing. In order to evaluate the performance of the Tree Protective Pad, which are developed to reduce the failure ratio in landscape planting, the tree protective pad for 'digging', 'pest controlling', and 'insulating' are tested based on the five functional criteria; moisturizing effect, wither preventive effect, pest and disease control, thermal effect, tensile strength, and environmental performance. The result of this study is as follows. The moisturizing effect of the tree protective pad for digging is found to be outstanding. According to the result of testing the pad on trees, in particular, it is better than jute tape in wither preventive effect, which means it is expected to prevent flaw and wilt from planting during the improper seasons like summertime. The experiment of installing the protective tree pad for pest controlling to the trunk of Quercus mongolica shows that preventive effect of the pad from diseases and insects is superior, and it also has economical effect by reducing the use of agricultural chemicals. The comparative test of the pad for insulating and jute tape proves that the temperature of the pad is about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than outside. The rate of tensile strength and biodegradation of the pad exceeds the optimal level, so it is revealed that the pad may be the work efficient and environment-friendly product. Likewise, by timely irrigating trees, the tree protective pad economically prevents trees from pest, disease,drought or frost, which may be caused by improper seasonal or delayed planting. As a means of reducing the flaw and facilitating the growth of trees, the exceptional performance of the pad is expected to effectively used in landscape planting and management.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 2018

In this study, a new consensus technique for predicting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in the western North Pacific was developed. The most important feature of the present consensus model is to select and combine the guidance numerical models with the best performance in the previous years based on various evaluation criteria and averaging methods. Specifically, the performance of the guidance models was evaluated using both the mean absolute error and the correlation coefficient for each forecast lead time, and the number of the numerical models used for the consensus model was not fixed. In averaging multiple models, both simple and weighted methods are used. These approaches are important because that the performance of the available guidance models differs according to forecast lead time and is changing every year. In particular, this study develops both a multi-consensus model (M-CON), which constructs the best consensus models with the lowest error for each forecast lead time, and a single best consensus model (S-CON) having the lowest 72-hour cumulative mean error, through on training process. The evaluation results of the selected consensus models for the training and forecast periods reveal that the M-CON and S-CON outperform the individual best-performance guidance models. In particular, the M-CON showed the best overall performance, having advantages in the early stages of prediction. This study finally suggests that forecaster needs to use the latest evaluation results of the guidance models every year rather than rely on the well-known accuracy of models for a long time to reduce prediction error.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.160-183
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• 2012

Objectives: Coptidis Rhizoma is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herbs in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to contribute to research and applications of Coptidis Rhizoma in clinic, by analyzing and reviewing international studies on its chemical compositions and pharmacological effects. Methods: This study analyzed 344 articles published from 2000 to 2010 in PubMed, Refworks, Riss, and KTKP. The search keywords were "Coptis chinensis", "Coptis japonica", "Coptidis Rhizoma", "huanglian" and "huanglian in Chinese". From them, we selected 114 articles which met our inclusion criteria. Results: This study reviewed 114 articles on Coptidis Rhizoma and its active components in terms of 'Active components', 'Experimental studies', 'Clinical studies', 'Industrial use' and 'Side Effects/Toxicity'. Conclusions: The active components of Coptidis Rhizoma are berberine, coptisine, epiberberine, palmatine, jateorrhizine, magnoflorine, worenine, etc. It is reported that Coptidis Rhizoma and its active components have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant activity, and cardiovascular, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, gastrointestinal, pain relieving, discharge phlegm and metrocyte proliferation effects. Moreover, we found that Coptidis Rhizoma can be used for bath preparation, cosmetic products and as a natural antimicrobial substance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1A
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• pp.132-141
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• 2000

In this paper, we proposed the MAC protocol of APON supporting multi-class traffic such as CBBUVBR, ABR, UBR, to guarantee the required QoS of each service. For this, we analyze the performance of variousrequest mechanisms and employee the different request mechanism for each traffic classes. Upstream anddownstream frame structures to minimize transmission overhead are proposed based on our request mechanism.The proposed MAC protocol applies the different priority to permit distribution process. CBBWBR traffic, withthe stringent requirements on CDV or delay, is allocated prior to any other class. ABR traffic, which hasnon-strict CDV or delay criteria, uses flexibly the available bandwidth but ensures a minimum cell rate (MCR).UBR traffic is allocated with lowest priority for the remaining capacity. The performance of proposed protocol isevaluated in terms of transfer delay and 1-point CDV with various offered load. The result of simulation showsthat the proposed protocol guarantees the required QoS of the corresponding category, while making use of theavailable resources in both an efficient and dynamical way.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2013

The demand and production for mobile music increases as the number of smart phone users increase. Thus, the standard of selection of a user's preferred music has gotten more diverse and complicated as the range of popular music has gotten wider. Research to find intelligent techniques to ingeniously recommend music on user preferences under mobile environment is actively being conducted. However, existing music recommendation systems do not consider and reflect users' preferences due to recommendations simply employing users' listening log. This paper suggests a personalized music-recommending system that well reflects users' preferences. Using AHP, it is possible to identify the musical preferences of every user. The user feedback based on the Bayesian network was applied to reflect continuous user's preference. The experiment was carried out among 12 participants (four groups with three persons for each group), resulting in a 87.5% satisfaction level.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2019

Purpose: The quality assurance (QA) chart rounds are multidisciplinary meetings to review radiation therapy (RT) treatment plans. This study focus on describing the changes in RT management based on QA round reviews in a single institution. Materials and Methods: After 9 full years of implementation, a retrospective review of all patients whose charts passed through departmental QA chart rounds from 2007 to 2015. The reviewed cases were presented for RT plan review; subcategorized based on decision in QA rounds into: approved, minor modifications or major modifications. Major modification defined as any substantial change which required patient re-simulation or re-planning prior to commencement of RT. Minor modification included treatment plan changes which didn't necessarily require RT re-planning. Results: Overall 7,149 RT treatment plans for different anatomical sites were reviewed at QA rounds. From these treatment plans, 6,654 (93%) were approved, 144 (2%) required minor modifications, while 351 (5%) required major modifications. Major modification included changes in: selected RT dose (96/351, 27%), target volume definition (127/351, 36%), organs-at-risk contouring (10/351, 3%), dose volume objectives/constraints criteria (90/351, 26%), and intent of treatment (28/351, 8%). The RT plans which required major modification according to the tumor subtype were as follows: head and neck (104/904, 12%), thoracic (12/199, 6%), gastrointestinal (33/687,5%), skin (5/106, 5%), genitourinary (16/359, 4%), breast (104/2387, 4%), central nervous system (36/846, 4%), sarcoma (11/277, 4%), pediatric (7/251, 3%), lymphoma (10/423, 2%), gynecological tumors (2/359, 1%), and others (11/351, 3%). Conclusion: Multi-disciplinary standardized QA chart rounds provide a comprehensive and an influential method on RT plans and/or treatment decisions.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-130
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• 2010

An uncertainty assessment for precipitation datasets simulated by Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model (AOGCM) is conducted to provide reliable climate scenario over East Asia. Most of results overestimate precipitation compared to the observational data (wet bias) in spring-fall-winter, while they underestimate precipitation (dry bias) in summer in East Asia. Higher spatial resolution model shows better performances in simulation of precipitation. To assess the uncertainty of spatiotemporal precipitation in East Asia, the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis is applied. An annual cycle of precipitation obtained from the CSEOF analysis accounts for the biggest variability in its total variability. A comparison between annual cycles of observed and modeled precipitation anomalies shows distinct differences: 1) positive precipitation anomalies of the multi-model ensemble (MME) for 20 models (thereafter MME20) in summer locate toward the north compared to the observational data so that it cannot explain summer monsoon rainfalls across Korea and Japan. 2) The onset of summer monsoon in MME20 in Korean peninsula starts earlier than observed one. These differences show the uncertainty of modeled precipitation. Also the comparison provides the criteria of annual cycle and correlation between modeled and observational data which helps to select best models and generate a new MME, which is better than the MME20. The spatiotemporal deviation of precipitation is significantly associated with lower-level circulations. In particular, lower-level moisture transports from the warm pool of the western Pacific and corresponding moisture convergence significantly are strongly associated with summer rainfalls. These lower-level circulations physically consistent with precipitation give insight into description of the reason in the monsoon of East Asia why behaviors of individually modeled precipitation differ from that of observation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.395-401
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• 2014

As social network service becomes common, the consumers use many discount coupons with which they can purchase goods via social commerce. Although, the quantities of coupons offered from social commerce are currently on the sharp increase, customized coupon service that reflects user preference is not offered. This paper proposes a coupon service method reflecting user's subjective inclination targeting food coupons to offer customized coupon service for social commerce. Towards this end, this paper conducts hierarchization of the factors that become standard in selecting coupons including food types, food prices, discount rates and the number of buyers. And then, this study classifies, extracts and offers the coupons using Fuzzy-AHP, a decision making support method that reflects subjective inclination. From the user satisfaction results on the extracted coupons, the users are generally satisfied: very satisfactory with 45%, satisfactory with 33% and fair with 22%, and there was no experiment participant, who was dissatisfied.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.165-179
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• 2010

Recently, the processing of data streams such as stock quotes, buy-sell orders, and billing records becomes more important in e-Business environments. Especially, the use of skyline queries over data streams is rapidly increasing to support multiple criteria decision making. Given a set of multi-dimensional tuples, a skyline query retrieves a set of tuples which are not dominated by other tuples. Although there has been much work on processing skyline queries over static datasets, there has been relatively less work on processing multiple skyline queries over data streams. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for processing multiple continuous skyline queries over data streams. The proposed method efficiently identifies which tuple is a skyline tuple of which query, resulting in a lower cost of processing multiple skyline queries. Through performance evaluation, we show the performance advantage of the proposed method.