• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2013

Developing a modern Han-style design and providing support for the commercialization development model in recent years has been propelled by the Han-style Support Strategies of the central government in conjunction with Han-style revitalization related projects that reflect the efforts of local governments. Han-style revitalization, the rekindling and revaluing of human behavior and interest in local governments following the social and cultural changes of the past decades, has emerged as an increasingly traditional area of concern in Han-style design. The purpose of the study was to provide a method which clarifies the design rules of the Han-style bathroom based on an evaluation of sensibilities and a rough set theory, and to give the components meaning and to systematize the method. Essentially, the Han-style bathroom design evaluation is a complex multi-criteria decision making process that seeks to improve the effectiveness and objectively of the Han-style bathroom design. Han-style bathroom design can be displayed in a graphical representation in response to input from the evaluation concerning sensibilities. Because the graphical representation is composed of 3D data, it is possible to display the Han-style bathroom design form in any desired perspective and also to perform shading and other operations. With the proposed method, it is possible to obtain a combination of several contributory components which can be referred to as Reducts, Covering Index and Column Score. Han-Style/Non Han-Style Bathroom Designs were identified by the combination of several components.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2016

Major objectives of the study were to analyze chemical and biological influences of the river ecosystem on the artificial weir construction at three regions of Sejong-Weir (S_j-W), Gongju-Weir (G_j-W), and Baekje-Weir (B_j-W) during 2008-2012. After the weir construction, the discharge volume increased up to 2.9 times, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the decrease of total phosphorus (TP) was also evident after the weir construction, but still hyper-eutrophic conditions, based on criteria by , were maintained. Multi-metric model of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) showed that IBI values averaged 21.0 (range: 20-22; fair condition) in the B_wc, and 14.3 (range: 12-18; poor condition) in the A_wc. The model values of IBI in S_j-W and G_j-W were significantly decreased after the weir construction. The model of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) showed that two groups (cluster I and cluster II) of B_wc and A_wc were divided in the analysis based on the clustering map trained by the SOM. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was similar to the results of the SOM analysis. Taken together, this research suggests that the weir construction on the river modified the discharge volume and the physical habitat structures along with distinct changes of some chemical water quality. These physical and chemical factors influenced the ecosystem health, measured as a model value of IBI.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2016

The main goal of this study is to develop a multi-metric fishway assessment model (M_m-FA) and evaluate the efficiency of fishway. The M_m-FA model has three major fishway components with nine metrics: structural characteristics, hydraulic/hydrologic features, and biological attributes. The model was developed for diagnosing and assessing fishway efficiency and tested to Juksan Weir at the Yeongsan River Watershed. Structural characteristics of fishway included slope of the fishway (M₁), ratios of fishway width to stream width (M₂), and the proportion of orifice clogging and orifice size (M₃). Hydraulic/hydrologic characteristics included depth of fishway entrance head (M₄), depth of exit tail (M₅), and current velocity of inner fishway (M₆). Biological characteristics included fish species ratio of inner fishway to upper-lower weir (M₇), fish length distribution (M₈), and the proportion of migratory fish species to the total number of species (M₉). Overall, the assessment of fishway efficiency showed the total score of the M_m-FA model was 25 in the Juksan Weir, indicating "good condition" by the criteria of the five-level classification system. The M_m-FA model may be used as a key tool for the assessment of fishway efficiency, especially on the 16 weirs constructed for the "Four Rivers Restoration Project" after a partial calibration of M_m-FA model.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2013

Among data mining techniques, the association rule is the most recently developed technique, and it finds the relevance between two items in a large database. And it is directly applied in the field because it clearly quantifies the relationship between two or more items. When we determine whether an association rule is meaningful, we utilize interestingness measures such as support, confidence, and lift. Interestingness measures are meaningful in that it shows the causes for pruning uninteresting rules statistically or logically. But the criteria of these measures are chosen by experiences, and the number of useful rules is hard to estimate. If too many rules are generated, we cannot effectively extract the useful rules.In this paper, we designed a variety of non-linear regression equations considering all association thresholds between the number of rules and three interestingness measures. And then we diagnosed multi-collinearity and autocorrelation problems, and used analysis of variance results and adjusted coefficients of determination for the best model through numerical experiments.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to expand evidence-base for the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention programs to prevent the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Seven intervention studies between 2006 and 2014 at Korea Association of Health Promotion were analyzed. All the studies were randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and included multi-component behavioral interventions. The participants of the programs were 2,172 adults with risk factors regarding metabolic syndrome criteria. The proportions of normalized participants were compared within and across the studies using odds ratio effect sizes. Results: The reductions in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were from 49.6% to 65.1% in intervention groups, and from 38.7% to 52.3% in comparison groups. Significant differences in effectiveness between groups were found in two studies, one in 2006 with odds ratio of 1.69(p<0.01) and another in 2009 with odds ratio of 2.36(p<0.001). Proportions of normalized participants were higher in blood pressure(31.9% to 52.5% in the intervention groups and 23.0% to 43.3% in comparison groups) than other risk factors. Abdominal obesity showed weakest improvement after the intervention in both groups. Conclusions: Lifestyle modification program is an effective method to reduce diabetes and cardiovascular risks in adults by decreasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2002

A constitutive model unifying plasticity and crack damage mode)s was developed to address the cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete planar members. The stress of concrete in tension-compression was conceptually defined by the sum of the compressive stress developed by the strut-action of concrete and the tensile stresses developed by tensile cracking. The plasticity model with multiple failure criteria was used to describe the isotropic damage of compressive crushing affected by the anisotropic damage of tensile cracking. The concepts of the multiple fixed crack damage model and the plastic flow model of tensile cracking were used to describe the tensile stress-strain relationship of multi-directional cracks. This unified model can describe the behavioral characteristics of reinforced concrete in cyclic tension-compression conditions, i.e. multiple tensile crack orientations, progressively rotating crack damage, and compressive crushing of concrete. The proposed constitutive model was implemented to finite element analysis, and it was verified by comparison with existing experimental results from reinforced concrete shear panels and walls under cyclic load conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationships among innovative behavior, turnover intention, and job security. An additional purpose was to examine partial mediating effects on psychological ownership. The baseline of analyzing those relationships in this study is that the role of psychological ownership will be a mediator between job security and turnover intention as well as innovative behavior in the organization. To accomplish these purposes, a model was built among job security as predictor variable, the psychological ownership as mediating variable and turnover intention, and innovative behavior as criteria variables based on the studies conducted in the various areas. The 248 questionnaires surveyed from the area of DaeGu and Kyungbuk were used in the statistical analyses. The detail statistical techniques are such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multi regression analysis. The results of the study show that job security had positively significant effect on turnover intention and innovative behavior. In addition, only the psychological ownership of organization-level thinking have partial mediating effects between job security and innovative behavior also job security and turnover intention. The results may indicate that the psychological ownership of organization-level thinking be a key factor to alleviate the turnover intention of employees and to encourage the innovative behavior during their works for the small-medium size companies showing the unstable job security.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.127-145
• /
• 2015

Plant location selection is a decision which requires huge investment and entails a significant impact in a longer-term. The petrochemical industry, in particular, is so capital- and technology-intensive that the firms in the industry pursue enhancing competitiveness through collaboration and integration among entities in their supply chains. Even though the logistics factor such as logistics costs and connectivity have, as a result, gained its importance in plant location decision making, this has rarely studies in empirical studies. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relative importance of the logistics factor in plant location decision making in the petrochemical industry using the multi-criteria decision-making approach. In addition the three representative petrochemical industrial complexes are evaluated by the factors used in this study. This study is able to provide the useful implication in both practical and policy-making aspects. Firms are required to consider the logistics factors with priority compared to other factors in plant location decision making. In addition, when federal or local governments build industrial sites and attract the petrochemical firm, logistics infrastructure should also be considered to provide better transportation connectivity and lower logistics costs in turn.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.5D
• /
• pp.657-662
• /
• 2011

The relationship between household attributes and trip generation can only be found in Seoul Metropolitan Household Travel Survey, which has been implemented every 5 years. However, various household attributes' impact on trip generation has not been analyzed closely. This paper compared and analyzed those impact. The results could be useful when trip generation models are studied in the future. They are as follows. The household size should be an important classification criteria when household trip generation is estimated. The traditional assumption that the relationship between household auto ownership and trip generation is positive and linear correlation should be reconsidered. Weekday travel data only did not showed that housing type has an influence on trip generation. Household income is unrelated with trip generation among single-person household, while multi-person household is related strongly. However, when trips are classified by purpose, impact of household income on trip generation are varied by trip purpose. Especially, the increase in single-person household can not be overlooked when trip generation is forecasted.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to systematically and comprehensively review controlled clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of Chuna Manual Therapy for stroke. Methods : By October 7, 2019, three core databases and three domestic databases were searched. Seven major academic journals on the related field were also hand-searched. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted and the quality of its evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Results : Five articles met the eligibility criteria. The results of most of included studies were in favor of Chuna Manual Therapy. No study described any adverse events during or after the clinical trials. Meta-analysis of three eligible studies showed that the pre- and post-treatment scores on the Modified Barthel Index (mean difference 8.00, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 15.74) and Berg Balance Scale (mean difference 3.57, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 6.51) of the Chuna-treated group were significantly different, but only marginally higher than those of the non-treatment group. Thus, the level of evidence gathered from these studies was assessed to be low. Conclusions : Based on current available evidence, any confirmative conclusions cannot be made on the effectiveness and safety of Chuna Manual Therapy for stroke because of the small sample size, low methodological quality, presence of statistical heterogeneity, and missing safety information. More rigorously designed large-scale multi-center studies are needed to establish more specific and credible evidence to support or oppose the use of Chuna Manual Therapy for stroke.