• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.574-584
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• 2006

Bi-directional loading test data are available to evaluate the design parameters which reflect the characteristics of a construction method and the variations of ground at the site where drilled shafts are installed. The method to obtain the design parameters of a real bridge by hi-directional loading test was introduced. The plans of multi-level testing and installation of measuring instruments should be made according to the rough estimation of axial bearing capacity, the length of pile, and the construction method. While the relationship between end bearing resistance and displacement was obtained directly from the hi-directional loading test, the relationship between unit side resistance and displacement was calculated through the measuring values. 1% displacement of pile diameter was adopted as the criteria of failure for ultimate resistance. As the settlement of pile head at the total ultimate bearing capacity obtained from these method was less than 1.5 % of pile diameter, this method was conservative to use in the field.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3176-3183
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• 2010

A multi-scale fatigue life prediction methodology of composite pressure vessels subjected to multi-axial loading has been proposed in this paper. The multi-scale approach starts from the constituents, fiber, matrix and interface, leading to predict behavior of ply, laminates and eventually the composite structures. The multi-scale fatigue life prediction methodology is composed of two steps: macro stress analysis and micro mechanics of failure based on fatigue analysis. In the macro stress analysis, multi-axial fatigue loading acting at laminate is determined from finite element analysis of composite pressure vessel, and ply stresses are computed using a classical laminate theory. The micro stresses are calculated in each constituent from ply stresses using a micromechanical model. Three methods are employed in predicting fatigue life of each constituent, i.e. a maximum stress method for fiber, an equivalent stress method for multi-axially loaded matrix, and a critical plane method for the interface. A modified Goodman diagram is used to take into account the generic mean stresses. Damages from each loading cycle are accumulated using Miner's rule. Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to predict the overall fatigue life of a composite pressure vessel considering statistical distribution of material properties of each constituent, fiber volume fraction and manufacturing winding angle.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.321-326
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• 1999

In this study, fatigue crack propagation problem of plate under multi-axial loading is mainly considered To analyze this special problem, recently developed technique called EFGM(Element-Free Galerkin Method), one of the Meshfree Methods, and general fatigue crack growth raw herein Paris law are used Using the Implemented scheme, paths of fatigue cracks by constant-amplitude load fluctuation and multiple-crack growth behavior are examined. The failure mechanism of steel plate due to crack propagation is studied. As a result, an algorithm that treats multiple fatigue crack problems is proposed. A numerical example shows that the prediction of growing paths can be achieved successfully and efficiently by proposed algorithm.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.378-383
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• 2008

Bogie frame of the locomotive is an important structural member for the support of vehicle loading. A lot of study has been carried out for the prediction of the structural integrity of the bogie frame in experimental and theoretical domains. The objective of this paper is to estimate the structural integrity of the bogie frame. Strength analysis has been performed by finite element analysis. From these analysis, stress concentration areas were investigated. For evaluation of the loading conditions, dynamic stress were measured by using strain gage. It has been found that the stress and strain due to the applied loads were multi-axial condition according to the location of strain gage. The fatigue strength evaluations of the bogie frame are performed to investigate the effect of the multi-axial load through the employment of the critical plane approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.747-754
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• 2017

Exact solutions for stresses for an infinite rectangular plate perforated by two circular holes of different radii subjected to uni-axial or bi-axial uniform loads are investigated using the Airy stress function. The hoop stresses occurring at the edge of the circular hole are computed and plotted. Comparisons are made for the stress concentration factors for several types of loading conditions.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

The majority of tubular joints commonly found in offshore jacket structures are multi-planar. Investigating the effect of loaded out-of-plane braces on the values of the stress concentration factor (SCF) in offshore tubular joints has been the objective of numerous research works. However, due to the diversity of joint types and loading conditions, a number of quite important cases still exist that have not been studied thoroughly. Among them are internally ring-stiffened two-planar TT-joints subjected to axial loading. In the present research, data extracted from the stress analysis of 243 finite element (FE) models, verified against available numerical and experimental data, was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the chord-side SCFs in two-planar tubular TT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners subjected to two types of axial loading. Parametric FE study was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to develop six new SCF parametric equations for the fatigue analysis and design of axially-loaded two-planar TT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.737-748
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• 2018

The current study presents a new technique in the framework of the nonlocal elasticity theory for a comprehensive buckling analysis of Euler-Bernoulli nano-beams made up of bidirectional functionally graded material (BDFGM). The mechanical properties are considered by exponential and arbitrary variations for axial and transverse directions, respectively. The various circumstances including tapering, resting on two-parameter elastic foundation, step-wise or continuous variations of axial loading, various shapes of sections with various distribution laws of mechanical properties and various boundary conditions like the multi-span beams are taken into account. As far as we know, for the first time in the current work, the buckling analyses of BDFGM nano-beams are carried out under mentioned circumstances. The critical buckling loads and mode shapes are calculated by using energy method and a new technique based on calculus of variations and collocation method. Fast convergence and excellent agreement with the known data in literature, wherever possible, presents the efficiency of proposed technique. The effects of boundary conditions, material and taper constants, foundation moduli, variable axial compression and small-scale of nano-beam on the buckling loads and mode shapes are investigated. Moreover the analytical solutions, for the simpler cases are provided in appendices.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

The profile of the roller in the axial direction is the main design factor in order to increase endurance life against the contact fatigue due to the stress concentration along the edge of the roller. Even under the elas-tohydrodynamic lubrication (ehl) conditions, the stress concentration along the edge of the roller greatly worsens the fatigue life both for the roller and contacting body. In this study, roller contacts of finite axial length are studied for the film thickness and pressure of ehl. For the real contact behaviors under the ehl conditions, multigrid and multi-level method is applied so that much higher loading conditions can be investigated. Several axial profiles of roller are investigated to verify how both ehl film and pressure are generated and some of them are recommended for the ehl contact condition.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.823-840
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• 2016

The plastic hinge lengths of beams and columns are a critical demand parameter in the nonlinear analysis of structures using the finite element method. The numerical model of a plastic hinge plays an important role in evaluating the response and damage of a structure to earthquakes or other loads causing the formation of plastic hinges. Previous research demonstrates that the plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is closely related to section size, reinforcement ratio, reinforcement strength, concrete strength, axial compression ratio, and so on. However, because of the limitations of testing facilities, there is a lack of experimental data on columns with large section sizes and high axial compression ratios. In this work, we conducted a series of quasi-static tests for columns with large section sizes (up to 700 mm) and high axial compression ratios (up to 0.6) to explore the propagation of plastic hinge length during the whole loading process. The experimental results show that besides these parameters mentioned in previous work, the plastic hinge of RC columns is also affected by loading amplitude and size effect. Therefore, an approach toward considering the effect of these two parameters is discussed in this work.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2017

Multi-Axial Testing System (MATS) is a 6-DOF loading system located at National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taiwan for advanced seismic testing of structural components or sub-assemblages. MATS was designed and constructed for a large variety of structural testing, especially for the specimens that require to be subjected to vertical and longitudinal loading simultaneously, such as reinforced concrete columns and lead rubber bearings. Functionally, MATS consists of a high strength self-reacting frame, a rigid platen, and a large number of servo-hydraulic actuators. The high strength self-reacting frame is composed of two post-tensioned A-shape reinforced concrete frames interconnected by a steel-and-concrete composite cross beam and a reinforced concrete reacting base. The specimen can be anchored between the top cross beam and the bottom rigid platen within a 5-meter high and 3.25-meter wide clear space. In addition to the longitudinal horizontal actuators that can be installed for various configurations, a total number of 13 servo-hydraulic actuators are connected to the rigid platen. Degree-of-freedom control of the rigid platen can be achieved by driving these actuators commanded by a digital controller. The specification and information of MATS in detail are described in this paper, providing the users with a technical point of view on the design, application, and limitation of MATS. Finally, future potential application employing advanced experimental technology is also presented in this paper.