• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2006

In the history of space design, the concept and application of Multi-Layer can be easily found in various projects. As life styles in the contemporary cities are becoming more and more complex and inter-related to each other, the concept of multi-layer is re-considered In terms of constructing differentiated life patterns as well as multi programs within certain physical buildings or designs. This study aims to analyze the brief history of multi-layer in space design and the contemporary applications in recent architectural as well as interior design projects. It is concluded that the concept of multi layer is not only useful for constructing an interesting spatial organizations, but can also be a vital tool for re-organizing the contemporary urban programs that cannot be considered with the preconceived existing terms.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2003

The Precast Concrete(PC) method was developed for a large production of a structure in Europe. Afterwards, this PC method has been applied to a structure and an outside Coating of buildings extensively. The outside Coating of the building applied this PC method is a method to put tiles or stones to base concrete. And there is a method to use paints for, so the expression of various patterns is possible. The Multi-Layer Coating is one of the methods to use paints. This Multi-Layer Coating method can show various designs of external appearance with Foam when it is made with the PC panel. Also, the paint film of the PC panel enables a splendid appearance, and a protective function of concrete is possible, too. Therefore, it makes good durability of the PC. Besides, maintenance is easy to manage because it is free from pollution when it uses metallic materials, stones, or any other materials. You might have no trouble in applying the Multi-Layer Coating method in order to save a merit of an outside Coating on the PC panel. However, the Multi-Layer Coating method used as a current outside Coating method has pollution and bad working environment because Oil Epoxy Resins have toxicity and flammability. Therefore, a lot of warnings are required for coating work in order to have appropriate quality because working hours are short, and production efficiency is low too. These reasons make the cost of construction of the Multi-Layer Coating method increase. And employers or designers may have problems in selecting this Multi-Layer Coating method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to get activation of the Multi-Layer Coating method by offering improvement measures about the problems of the existing Multi-Layer Coating method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2000

Multi-disciplinary optimization design concept can provide a solution to many engineering problems. In the field of structural analysis, much development of size or topology optimization has been achieved in the application of research. This paper demonstrates an optimum design of a multi-layer cylindrical tube which behaves thermoelastically. A multi-layer cylindrical tube that has several different material properties at each layer is optimized within allowable stress and temperature range when mechanical and thermal loads are applied simultaneously. When thermal loads are applied to a multi-layer tube, stress phenomena become complicated due to each layer's thermal expansion and the layer thicknesses. Factors like temperature; stress; and material thermal thicknesses of each tube layer are very difficult undertaking. To analyze these problems using an efficient and precise method, the optimization theories are adopted to perform thermoelastic finite element analysis.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.2C no.6
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• pp.309-313
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• 2002

In this paper, we have studied minimization of the kerf-width and surface burning, which occurred after the conventional singulation process of the multi-layer BGA board with copper, polyethylene and epoxy glass fiber. The high thermal energy of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to cut the multi-layer board. The most considerable matter in the laser cutting of the multi-layer BGA boards is their different absorption coefficient to the laser beam and their different heat conductivity. The cut mechanism of a multi-layer BGA board using a 2$^{nd}$ harmonic Nd:YAG laser is the thermal vaporization by high temperature rise based on the Gaussian profile and copper melting point. In this experiment, we found that the sacrifice layer and Na blowing are effective in minimizing the surface burning by the reaction between oxygen in the air and the laser beam. In addition, N2 blowing reduces laser energy loss by debris and suppresses surface oxidation. Also, the beam incidence on the epoxy layer compared to polyimide was much more suitable to reduce damage to polyimide with copper wire for the multi layer BGA singulation. When the polyester double-sided tape is used as a sacrifice layer, surface carbonization becomes less. The SEM, non-contact 3D inspector and high-resolution microscope are used to measure cut line-width and surface morphology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.452-455
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• 2000

Superconducting power cable is one of the most promising energy application of high-T$_{c}$ superconductors (HTS). A prototype HTS cable have been constructed multi-layer cable using Bi-2223 tape and tested. The AC transport losses under self field were investigated at 77K on the 19 filamentary tape and multi-layer HTS cables. And we carried out numerical analysis using bean model. The result shows that the total transport current of HTS cable in L$N_2$ was 475[A], and transport current passed through almost the outer layer (2-layer). Also, AC transport losses in outer layer of HTS cable was proportion to I$^2$ and higher than losses of inner layer. In case of Ip=Ic, calculated numerical loss density was concentrated on the edge of tape and most of loss density in cable was distributed outer layer more than inner layer. As magnetic distribution was concentrated on outer layer.r.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.2039-2044
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• 2009

The PSK carrier signal recovery circuit using multi-layer coupled line was analyzed and designed. The fabricated carrier recovery 6 port element with multi-layer coupled line structure gets the simple architecture. It is possible to implement the carrier signal recovery circuit of the same structure with the multi-layer six port phase correlator of the direct receiver front-end. Based on the analysis of RML carrier recovery circuit using the multi-layer coupled line 6-port phase correlator, the multi-layer coupled line carrier signal recovery structure for multi-mode coherent demodulation was proposed. The fabricated multi-layer coupled line carrier signal recovery circuit for quadrature phase shift-keying shows a good carrier signal characteristic with a constant phase and phase error below ${\pm}3o$.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.298-299
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 자기유도방식 무선전력전송(Inductive Power Transfer, IPT) 시스템에 적용되는 송수신 코일의 Multi-layer 구조의 자기결합 특성에 대하여 분석한다. 기존에 제안된 Single-layer 구조의 코일과 Multi-layer 구조의 코일이 가지는 차이점을 자기결합도 측면에서 비교 분석하고 이를 Simulation 및 실험을 통해 검증한다.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.600-604
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• 1996

High-T$_{c}$, superconducting wire is very important element for the application of electrical power systems. But it is very difficult to develope the long high T, wire with excellent properties. BiSrCaCuO multi-layer tapes are fabricated by a rolling method and pressing method sintered for several step at 840.deg. C. The critical current densities of 637 filament multi-layer tapes sintering 100 hours fabricated by the rolling method and pressing method are 1.3*10$^{4}$ A/cm$^{2}$ and 5.5*10$^{3}$ A/cm$^{2}$. The critical cur-rent densites of multi-layer tapes made by rolling method are found to be better than those fabricated by the powder-in-tube method and pressing process. As result, the rolling method is the best way to fabricated the multi-layer filament.t.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-11
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• 2013

It is of great importance to obtain the uniform layer thickness in the multi-layer co-extrusion processes. In the present study, the three-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out using the open source code named OpenFOAM(R) to understand the flow characteristics in the multi-layer die. In this numerical study, Multi-thin-layers were successfully computed depending on the number of repeating units. The generation mechanism for the multi-layer was numerically verified by the flow simulation and visualization in the co-extrusion die using OpenFOAM(R). The results suggested that the multi-layer has a divided and folded mechanism similar to the stretching and folding in the chaotic flow.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

This paper proposes a new method using multi-layer overlapped windows to improve the performance of YOLO network which is vulnerable to detect small dense objects. In particular, the proposed method uses the YOLO Network based on the multi-layer overlapped windows to track small dense vehicles that approach from long distances. The method improves the detection performance for location and size of small vehicles. It allows crossing area of two multi-layer overlapped windows to track moving vehicles from a long distance to a short distance. And the YOLO network is optimized so that GPU computation time due to multi-layer overlapped windows should be reduced. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been proved through various experiments using captured images from road surveillance cameras.