• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.298-301
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• 2005

The flying capacitor voltage control of the flying capacitor multi-level inverter (FCMLI) is very important for safe operation. The voltage unbalancing of flying capacitors caused serious problems in safety and reliability of system. In the FCMLI, balancing problem of the flying capacitor has its applications limited. The voltage unbalance is occurred by the difference of each capacitors charging and discharging time applied to FCMLI. This paper investigates and analyzes multi-carrier PWM methods to solve capacitor voltage balancing problem. The Phase-Shift PWM (PSPWM) method that is commonly used, The Modified Carrier-Redistribution PWM (MCRPWM) method and The Saw-Tooth-Rotation PWM (STRPWM) method are discussed and compared with respect to switching state, balancing voltage of capacitors and output waveform. These three PWM methods are analyzed by using a flying capacitor three-level inverter and provided result through simulation. Finally, the harmonics about the output voltages of their methods are compared using the harmonic distortion factor (HDF).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.350-364
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• 2022

Traditionally, in multi-user multi-carrier systems, the neighboring subband will be gapped by one subcarrier, which is set as guard band to reduce multiple access interference (MAI) between neighboring subbands. The empty subcarrier for guard band will degrade the spectral efficiency of the whole system. In order to enhance the spectral efficiency of multi-user filter bank multiple carrier (FBMC) systems, a new subband allocation method is introduced, in which the neighboring subband is gapped by half subcarrier instead of one subcarrier. Meanwhile, in order to implement the proposed resource allocation scheme, an optimized FBMC prototype filter is designed to decrease the inter-subband interference to the neighboring subband. The detailed simulations about the comparison between the proposed spectrum assignment and traditional FBMC are given, as well as the performance in the different interference scenarios. The simulation results show that the combination of the proposed spectrum assignment scheme and the optimized filter has better performance compared to the traditional scheme. The proposed scheme can be used in the system which serves massive users to get higher spectrum efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1246-1251
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• 2004

This paper is investigated about the effect of carrier gas type and the humidity for generating hydrogen gas. The vibration of the water surface is more powerful with increasing applied voltage. In this experimental reactor which is made of multi-needle and plate, the maximum acquired hydrogen production rate is about 3500 ppm. In the experimental result of generating hydrogen gas by non-thermal plasma reactor, the rate of generating hydrogen gas is different with what kind of carrier gas is. We used two types of carrier gas, such as $N_2$ and He. $N_2$ as carrier gas is more efficient to generate hydrogen gas than He because $N_2$ is reacted with $O_2$, which is made from water dissociation. In comparison with water droplet by humidifier and without water droplet by humidifier, the generation of hydrogen gas is decreased in case of water droplet by humidifier. That is the result that the energy for water dissociation is reduced on water surface because a part of plasma energy is absorbed at the small water molecular produced from humidifier.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.43-46
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• 1998

The performance of a receiver that empolys a multi-stage inter-ference cancellation scheme for uplink fading channel is analyzed when there is carrier frequency offset. And the conditions to permit the performance improvement are analytically obtained. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed system under Rayleigh fading channel assuming that carrier frequency offset is present.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.127-135
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• 1997

In this paper, we apply a digital modulation scheme called Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) in which data symbols are transmitted at multiple subcarriers. Each subcarrier is encoded with a phase offset of -π or π based on a pseudo-random noise(PN) sequence. MC-CDMA scheme is introduced to combat against the multipath fading. We annalize above system and derive the average probability of error in AWGN and Rayleigh fading environment.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

In this paper, we make MAC protocol improvements for performance enhancement of multi-hop ad-hoc wireless networks. A node in ad-hoc wireless networks can transmit a packet only when the medium is available, and while a packet is being transmitted, no other nodes are allowed to transmit a packet if they are in carrier sensing range. Carrier sensing range can be divided into two disjoint areas of transmission range and carrier sensing zone(9), and we address the importance of the protocol behavior when a node is in carrier sensing zone. The characteristic of the carrier sensing zone is that a node can not know when the remaining time of the on-going transmission session expires or exactly when the media becomes available. Current MAC protocol does not behave in much different way between when a node is in transmission range and in carrier sensing zone. We have conducted a comprehensive simulation to study the performance improvements. The simulation results indicate that the performance is increased and the number of dropped packets due to collision is significantly reduced as much as a half.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.620-624
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• 2004

Th is paper presents a systematical approach to study carrier based PWM techniques (CPWM) in diode-clamped and cascade multilevel inverters by using the proposed multi-modulating pattern method. This method is based on the vector correlation between CPWM and space vector PWM (SVPWM) and applicable to both multilevel inverter topologies. The CPWM technique can be described in a general mathematical equation, and obtain the same outputs similarly as of corresponding SVPWM. Control of the fundamental voltage, vector redundancies and phase redundancies in multilevel inverter can be formulated separately in the CPWM equation. The deduced CPWM can obtain a full vector redundancy control, and fully utilize phase redundancy in a cascade inverter. In the paper, CPWM equations and corresponding algorithm for generating multi-modulating signals will be performed, in which SVPWM attributes will be presented by corresponding controllable factors.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1098-1104
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• 2011

Data communications networks at sea can be modelled by multi-layered networks with traditional carriers (RF, satellites), and BWA (wireless LAN, WiBro, LTE), which partially makes it possible the high speed communication services (WWW, VoIP) at sea. In this paper, a novel routing scheme (CPR) is proposed which selects an optimal carrier for each hop in routes based on carrier preferences (CP). The carrier preferences are measured proactively depending on the feasibility of transmission characteristics (transmission rate, cost, and latency time) of the carriers for each application. Performance was compared with that of the OMH-MW (Optimal Medium per Hop based on Max-Win) routing scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.6A
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• pp.920-930
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• 1999

Many researches on the multi-level QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) which is known to be a promising digital data transmission method for efficient use of channel bandwidth have been carried on, and their applications to various real fields are now being in progress. However, in the band-limited communication systems, each transmitted symbols is distorted by the ISI(Intersymbol Interference) and the phase error. Therefore, an equalizer and a carrier recovery must be taken into considerations to attenuate the effects of these distortions in the receiver. This paper presents an effective receiver structures that is applicable to the multi-level QAM. The proposed receiver system is consisted of an equalizer with Godard’s blind algorithm and a carrier recovery circuit. The phase error is estimated with a $\theta$-matching algorithm and is used in the carrier recovery to recover the correct phase. The simulation results are included to evaluate performance of the proposed receiver system for the various channel models.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2226-2234
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• 2016

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique uses multiple sub-carriers for the data transmission. Therefore, Inter Carrier Interference(ICI) is generated because of nonlinear high power amplifier and carrier frequency offset. Wireless OFDM transmission over Doppler fading channels also causes ICI. In OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access), multiple sub-carriers are allocated to each user. Therefore, inter carrier interference causes interference to other users. I evaluate the BER performance of OFDMA systems in frequency selective fading channel, considering Multi-User Interference (MUI) owing to the carrier frequency offset, the nonlinear high power amplifier, and the Doppler fading. In the uplink OFDMA, multi-user interference introduces larger BER degradation than in the downlink. I explain the reason and obtain the required characteristics of the nonlinear amplifier and the value of frequency offset for good BER performance. And I also analyze the BER degradation upon Doppler fading channel.