• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2021

Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is condition of cognitive decline shown in transition from normal aging to dementia. Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture (HPP) is a treatment that combines effects of medication and acupuncture by injecting Hominis placenta into acupoints. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HPP for MCI. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-center clinical trial. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to either the HPP group or the placebo group. HPP or saline as placebo was administered to participants for eight weeks. Changes in symptoms were observed. The primary outcome was difference in mean change of Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score between the HPP group and the placebo group. Cognitive function, overall status of mood and sleep, and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed. Safety assessment and economic analysis were then conducted. Results: Thirty participants were enrolled. One participant in the placebo group dropped out. The score of MoCA-K increased after treatment. Its mean change was smaller in the HPP group than in the control group. HPP ameliorated Global Deterioration Scale and Korean Dementia Rating Scale subtests for attention, organization, and memory compared to the placebo. However, none of them was significantly different between the two groups. Mood, sleep, and QoL all improved more in the HPP group than in the placebo group, although differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. There was no adverse event probably related to the drug. HPP treatment needed KRW 345,000 more than the placebo group in improving Geriatric Quality of Life scale-Dementia score by one point for one year. Conclusions: Although HPP treatment did not significantly improve cognition, it changed behavioral and psychological symptoms in MCI.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1787-1799
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• 2022

Objective: Choline deficiency, one main trigger for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder. Previous study in a choline-deficient model has largely focused on gene expression rather than gene structure, especially sparse are studies regarding to alternative splicing (AS). In modern life science research, primary hepatocytes culture technology facilitates such studies, which can accurately imitate liver activity in vitro and show unique superiority. Whereas limitations to traditional hepatocytes culture technology exist in terms of efficiency and operability. This study pursued an optimization culture method for duck primary hepatocytes to explore AS in choline-deficient model. Methods: We performed an optimization culture method for duck primary hepatocytes with multi-step digestion procedure from Pekin duck embryos. Subsequently a NAFLD model was constructed with choline-free medium. RNA-seq and further analysis by rMATS were performed to identify AS events alterations in choline-deficency duck primary hepatocytes. Results: The results showed E13 (embryonic day 13) to E15 is suitable to obtain hepatocytes, and the viability reached over 95% by trypan blue exclusion assay. Primary hepatocyte retained their biological function as well identified by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining method and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity assay, respectively. Meanwhile, genes of alb and afp and specific protein of albumin were detected to verify cultured hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate purity of hepatocytes, presenting up to 90%. On this base, choline-deficient model was constructed and displayed significantly increase of intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol as reported previously. Intriguingly, our data suggested that AS events in choline-deficient model were implicated in pivotal biological processes as an aberrant transcriptional regulator, of which 16 genes were involved in lipid metabolism and highly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusion: An effective and rapid protocol for obtaining duck primary hepatocytes was established, by which our findings manifested choline deficiency could induce the accumulation of lipid and result in aberrant AS events in hepatocytes, providing a novel insight into various AS in the metabolism role of choline.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.155-167
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• 2020

The stage manager role of "Our Town"(1938), a representative work of Thornton Wilder(1897-1975), is a unique theatrical device that presents a wide range of interesting and diverse perspectives in the actor's acting approach, the director's stage-shape methodology, and the audience's theater experience. Why did Wilder call stage manager role a stage manager, not just a simple narrator? Because "Our Town" intentionally lacks the basic elements that dramas must have, it needed a more self-reliant and omnipotent role in creating the margins of dramatic writing, including boldly omitted time and space, with infinite imagination. For this reason, stage manager role plays a much more complex and multi-functional role than a narrator. In response, this paper accurately articulates the concept of theatrical style and theatrical convention on the premise of the stage manager role in "Our Town," followed by making theatrical convention, the director of scene progress and scene change, the messenger of the writer's thoughts, and dramatic rhythm control.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2020

Even ordinary-looking plays can have a profound meaning. Based on this assumption, Eugene Pink (1960) has established an analytical model of play with five elements, namely "delight", "meaning", "community", "rules" and "tools." It was an effort to reflect on the true meaning of play beyond the cortical entertaining nature of play. In this study, it was carried out that all the texts containing images and performance from the EBS character "Pengsu" were selected, since he emerged as a new star in 2019. And also his play structure was analyzed by applying the Pink's model. As a result, Pengsu's play structure was confirmed to be systematic and complete as a play prototype because it was well-organized with five elements of play. It was regarded as a successful character that skillfully attracts participants to the play world. Among the components of the play, "fun" was found to be his funny appearance, sudden and unconventional behavior, "meaning" was the elimination of authoritarianism, self-esteeming and energizing, "community" was a multi-platform media user who crossed off-on-line, analog-digital-line, "rules" was to set his concept fixed as a young stranger with an ego to unreveal his identity, and "tools" was shown as his character itself and continual discourse. It shows that until now, Pengsu has a social net function of quite spreading the positive meaning of encouragement and comfort, advice and guide, consideration and forgiveness, introspection and nirvana to all members of our society, including the youth who are struggling with uncertainty and anxiety by showing rather exaggerated and stimulating performance that precisely combines these play elements.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Game engines have the advantage of enabling efficient content production, such as reducing development time, with minimal visual quality guarantees and support for multi-platforms. Recently, game engines have provided various functions that can easily, quickly, and effectively produce immersive content using virtual reality (VR) HMD. Therefore, this study conducts a comparative study on the development environment in VR content production using Oculus Quest 2 HMD, focusing on Unity and Unreal game engines, which are widely used in the content production industry, including games. First, we compare the basic setup process of building a development environment using Oculus Quest 2 HMD and a dedicated controller based on a VR template project that includes the minimum functions and settings provided by each engine. Next, we present a simple experience environment that can interact in a virtual environment and compare the development environment to use a dedicated controller and the process of building a development environment that directly utilizes hands through the hand tracking function provided by Oculus Quest 2. Through this process, we will understand the basic process of building a VR development environment, and at the same time, we will check the characteristics and differences of the engine and use it as a research that can be applied to various immersive content production.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.129-140
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• 2021

The next generation mBcN should be built to cooperate with the wireless network to support hyper-speed and hyper-connectivity. In this paper, we propose a network architecture for the cooperation mBcN and 5G commercial network and architecture of the cooperative security gateway required for the cooperation. The proposed cooperative security gateway is between gNB and UPF to support LBO, SFC, and security. Our analysis shows that the proposed architecture has several advantages. First of all, user equipment connected with the mBcN can be easily connected through the 5G commercial radio network to the mBcN. Second, the military application traffic can be transmitted to mBcN without going through the 5G core network, reducing the end-to-end transmission delay without causing the traffic load on the 5G core network. In addition, the security level of the military application can effectively be maintained because the user equipment can be connected to the cooperative security gateway, and the traffic generated by the user equipment is transmitted to the mBcN without going through the 5G core network. Finally, we demonstrate that LBO, SFC, and security modules are essential functions of the proposed gateway in the 5G test-bed environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2022

This study examined changes in the ecological characteristics and design characteristics of Ban's exhibition space in three representative temporary exhibition halls and three permanent exhibition halls designed by Ban Shigeru since 2000. Through the investigation of the concepts and characteristics of ecological architecture, the design characteristics of exhibition space, the analysis framework of the design characteristics of exhibition space and the design elements of ecological architecture is obtained. The analysis results show that there are big changes between the temporary exhibition space and the permanent exhibition space in terms of building scale, space composition, function, materials and technology. On the one hand, the temporary exhibition space used recyclable materials, such as paper tubes, containers to be assembled on site into a single-layer space focused on display. The assembly method was simple and the construction period was short. After the exhibition, the exhibition space were dismantled. The materials were either transported to the next display site or recycled and reused. On the other hand, the permanent exhibition space used reinforced concrete as the main structure, and used a large amount of wood and glass materials to construct a multi-layered composite cultural space that separated the exhibition space and the leisure space. In terms of ecological characteristics, the building materials of the temporary exhibition space were recycled and no industrial wastes were generated after the demolition. The permanent exhibition hall uses eco-friendly wood for the roof and walls, so it is easy to replace and repair. Both types of exhibition halls are changing ecological architecture in a more sustainable direction by saving resources and energy through natural light and ventilation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.887-901
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• 2022

Estimation of the parameters for individual rainfall-rainfall events can lead to a different set of parameters for each event which result in lack of parameter identifiability. Moreover, it becomes even more ambiguous to determine a representative set of parameters for the watershed due to enhanced variability exceeding the range of model parameters. To reduce the variability of estimated parameters, this study proposed a parameter optimization framework with the simultaneous use of multiple rainfall-runoff events based on NSE as an objective function. It was found that the proposed optimization framework could effectively estimate the representative set of parameters pertained to their physical range over the entire watershed. It is found that the difference in NSE value of optimization when it performed individual and multiple rainfall events, is 0.08. Furthermore, In terms of estimating the observed floods, the representative parameters showed a more improved (or similar) performance compared to the results obtained from the single-event optimization process on an NSE basis.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the non-pharmacological intervention on depressive symptoms in the older adults with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 1,147 studies were retrieved from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Science direct, KISS, RISS, and DBPia. Twenty-one studies which met the criteria were selected and the quality assessment was conducted independently by two investigators. The effect size of non-pharmacological intervention was estimated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0. The overall effect size turned out to be the medium effect size (Hedges' g=-0.68, 95% CI=-1.01~-0.36). As a result of the subgroup analysis, the intervention type was statistically significant. The effect size of cognitive intervention (Hedges' g=-1.03, 95% CI=-1.43~-0.61) and multi component intervention (Hedges' g=-0.97, 95% CI=-1.63~-0.33) was greater than excise intervention (Hedges' g=-0.53, 95% CI=-1.16~0.03). This study shows that non-pharmacological intervention was also effective in reducing depressive symptoms in the older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Based on the research results, it is expected that various non-pharmacological intervention studies will be attempted to improve cognitive function and depressive symptoms of the older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.123-141
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• 2023

A sufficient amount of data with quality is needed for training artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, developing ANN models with a small amount of data often appears in engineering fields. This paper presented an ANN model to improve prediction performance of the ammonia emission amount with 83 data. The ammonia emission rate included eleven inputs and two outputs (maximum ammonia loss, N_max and time to reach half of N_max, K_m). Categorical input variables were transformed into multi-dimensional equal-distance variables, and 13 data were added into 66 training data using a generative adversarial network. Hyperparameters (number of layers, number of neurons, and activation function) of ANN were optimized using Gaussian process. Using 17 test data, the previous ANN model (Lim et al., 2007) showed the mean absolute error (MAE) of K_m and N_max to 0.0668 and 0.1860, respectively. The present ANN outperformed the previous model, reducing MAE by 38% and 56%.