• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mulching Film

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Soil Surface Energy Balance and Soil Temperature in Potato Field Mulched with Recycled-Paper and Black Plastic Film (감자밭의 재생종이 및 흑색 플라스틱 필름 멀칭에 따른 지표면 에너지 수지와 토양온도의 변화)

  • 최일선;이변우
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.229-235
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    • 2001
  • The thermal and photometric properties of mulching materials modify the radiation and energy balance on the mulched soil surface and thereby change the soil temperature. The soil surface energy balances and soil temperatures under the mulching treatments of non-mulched control, recycled paper (RPM), and black polyethylene film (BPFM) were compared before and after the establishment of potato canopy. On August 30 in 1998 when potato was not emerged yet and solar radiation was 17.9 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ , the net radiation of the soil surface was estimated as 10.(1, 2. 4, and 1.3 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ under the control, BPFM, and RPM, respectively. The sensible and latent heat loss from the soil surface was 9.65 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ in the control, most of the net radiation being lost through evaporation and convection, whereas it amounted only to 1.39 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ in BPFM and 1.36 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ in RPM. Therefore, the soil heat fluxes were 0.36 1.02, and 0.06 MJ m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ under the control, BPFM and RPM, respectively. On September 27 when potato canopy was fully developed, the soil surface net radiation in the control was sharply decreased as compared to that of Aug. 30, whereas the net radiation of the mulched soil surfaces showed little changes. The soil heat flux was -0.01, 0.95, and 0.12 MJ $m^{-2}$${day}^{-1}$ at the soil surface under the control, BPFM and RPM, respectively. As the mulching treatments brought about such alteration of energy partitioning into the soil, the highest soil temperature was recorded in BPFM and the lowest in RMP without regard to potato canopy development. However, the soil temperature differences among the treatments become smaller when potato canopy were fully developed.

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Insect Repellency and Crop Productivity of Essential Oil Films

  • KIM, Jin Gu;KANG, Seok Gyu;MOSTAFIZ, Md Munir;LEE, Jeong Min;LEE, Kyeong-Yeoll;HWANG, Tae Kyung;LIM, Jin Taeg;KIM, Soo Yeon;LEE, Won Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.95-106
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of coniferous essential oils (EOs) blended films on insect repellence and crop productivity. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film is widely used, especially in agriculture and for food packaging. Ethylene vinyl acetate was blended with LDPE to reduce volatilization of EOs. An EO from Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) was incorporated into the blend film to conduct field research on antimicrobial and insect repellent properties. Among the various concentrations of EO, the highest concentration (2.5%) showed the highest efficiency in terms of pesticidal activity. The ability to inhibit microbial growth can be explained by the lipophilic properties of the EO component, and many studies have already demonstrated this. Agricultural films containing all types of EO have been tested on various crops such as chili, cucumber, Korean melon and have been able to verify their effectiveness in avoiding pests and increasing yields. From these results, it was found that it is reasonable to use a modified film such as a composite film containing an EO for agriculture. Thus, the modified film containing EO has undoubtedly shown impressive potential for reducing the use of pesticides in a variety of ways, not only for agricultural mulching film but also for food and agricultural product packaging. This product is an environmentally friendly chemical and is safe for agricultural and industrial and food packaging applications, among others. In particular, the use of agricultural films significantly reduces the use of pesticides, suggesting that farmers can increase their incomes by reducing working hours and costs, and increasing production.

Values of Winter Fallow Crops on Soil Properties and Watermelon Productivity in Plastic Greenhouse

  • Uhm, Mi-Jeong;Chon, Hyong-Gwon;Noh, Jae-Jong;Song, Young-Ju;Kwon, Sung-Whan;Sheikh, Sameena
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to screen fallow crops during winter period for improvement of soil quality and utilizing as mulching material in watermelon cropping system during winter period. Five fallow crops, mainly, hairy vetch, barley, rye, oat and wheat, were sown in early November. They were mowed for covering the soil surface instead of polyethylene (PE) film before watermelon planting in early April the following year. The highest absorbed nutrients and dry matter yield were found in rye. Bulk density in plots with fallow crop was lower than control plot. There was observed no significant differences among the fallow crops. However, porosity was the lowest in control plot. Soil EC reduced to 12%, 13%, 14%, 16% and 22%, respectively, by cultivation of hairy vetch, oat, wheat, barley and rye. Microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activities were higher in soil treated with gramineous crops, such as barley, rye and oat. The growth of watermelon was more affected by regeneration of fallow crop than the occurrence of weed, especially in plots treated with rye or oat. Also, the fruit damage by aphid was found severe in these treatment plots. The fruit yield in plots treated with hairy vetch and barley was increased 5.7% and 2.6%, respectively, compared to that of PE films. The present experiment findings implied that these fallow crops had significant beneficial effects on improvement of soil qualities and could be utilized for mulching materials in watermelon cropping system.

The Growth of Fall Varieties of Radish (Raphanus sativus L). Sowing in September (9월 파종 가을무의 파종시기에 따른 생장 반응)

  • Yoon, Wha-Mo;Cheong, Chong-Seong
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
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    • v.4
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    • pp.179-189
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    • 1991
  • The limit sowing time and the growth of radish cultivated in late fall were studied in relation to the effects of varieties and polyethylene film mulching. The root weight of Dehyung-Chusuk radish sowing in September 8th in Suwon was 520g but 718g in mulched plot. In Pusan the root weight of radish sowing on September 16th and harvested on November 23rd was 655g in Bekkyung and 813g in Dehyung-Chusuk variety, but more than 1000g in mulched plots of two varieties all. The effect of mulching was higher in Dehyung-Chusuk than in Bekkyung. The experimental results of Altari varieties will be recommandable in limit sowing time as around September 14th in mid-northern area and around September 18th in mid-southern area. Chonggak Altari was better than Chammat Altari in root formatiion. Two varieties all revealed good growth in the plots of sowing on September 26th in Pusan.

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Poly-${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone(PCL) / Polyvinyl chloride(PVC) 블렌드의 기계적 성질 및 생분해성

  • Seo, Hae-Jeong;Ha, Gi-Ryong;Gang, Seon-Cheol
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.379-380
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    • 2002
  • Biodegradable polymers have been regarded as a good alternative to solve the plastic waste problems caused by nondegradable synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene. In the soil environment, plastics are mainly being used as a mulching film for agricultural purposes. In this research, the miscibility, tensile properties and biodegradation effect of poly-${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone(PCL) with polyvinyl chloride(PVC) have been studied. After 8 weeks of biodegradation, PCL/PVC(9/91) blend surface showed newly formed many holes. Consequently, the antiplasticization phenomenon and biodegradation were observed in the PCL/PVC blends. It was confirmed that a test for general biodegradation condition can be applied to plastic biodegradation in soil.

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Biodegradability of horticultural insect repellent polyethylene mulching film (생분해능을 갖는 원예용 제충ㆍ제초 폴리에틸렌 멀칭 필름에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jong-Won;Park, Chul;Chong, Mi-Hwa;Chun, Byoung-Chul;Chung, Yong-Chan;Park, Jong-Shin;Cho, Jae-Whan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.191-192
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    • 2003
  • 해충방지를 위한 지금까지의 방법은 주로 해충기피제 또는 살충제 둥의 농약을 사용해 왔으나 이는 농약의 심한 맹독성으로 인하여 인체와 환경에 위험한 요소로 작용한다. 뿐만 아니라 장기간 농약을 사용함에 따라 토양을 오염시키거나 농약에 대한 해충의 내성을 오히려 강화시키는 결과를 빚어 왔다. 또 다른 제충방법으로, ferromone 또는 색테이프 등을 이용하여 해충을 물리치는 방법이 있으나 큰 효과를 보기는 어려웠다. (중략)

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Synchronization of Flowering for Hybrid Com Seed Production by Clipping Young Plants Clear Polyethylene Mulching and Planting Date (옥수수 교잡종채종에 있어 유식물절단 비닐피복 및 파종기에 의한 자식계통 개화기조절)

  • Kang, Y.K.;Park, K.Y.;Ham, Y.S.
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.481-487
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    • 1983
  • The need to synchronize flowering in two lines of different maturities is frequently encountered in hybrid com (Zea mays L.) seed production. To establish the methods for synchrony of flowering in parent lines of different maturities be effects of clipping at 4 and 6-leaf stages of growth and two levels, clear polyethylene mulching and five different planting dates on flowering date growth and seed yield of two dent com inbred lines of different maturities were evaluated Clipping just above the shoot-apex delayed pollen sheeding 6 to 9days and silking 5 to 13 days but reduced stand and seed yield 30 to 70% and 67 to 81%. respectively. Clipping 5cm above the shoot apex delayed flowering 1 to 4 days without stand reduction but reduced yield 3 to 29%. Laterclipping was slightly more effective for delaying flowering than earlier clipping but reduced stand more severely when clipped just above the shoot apex. Under clear polyethylene film mulching, flowering of two lines was 13 to 15 days earlier and seed yield of B68 (late line) was significantly increased. As planting was delayed from April 18 to June 13, the number of days from planting to flowering of two lines decreased due to increase in air temperature. However, growing degree days (GDD) from planting to flowering of each lines was similar regardless planting dates indicating that GDD can be satisfactoryly used for choosing the planting dates of parent lines of different maturities. Seed yields of two lines were decreased with delaying planting dates.

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High Occurrence Conditions of Hollow Heart and Internal Brown Spot in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) (내부갈색반점(內部褐色斑點)과 내부공동(內部空洞) 저항성(抵抗性) 감자 계통 선발을 위한 다발성(多發生) 조건 구명(究明))

  • Lim, Hak-Tae;Khu, Dong-Man;Chun, Ik-Jo;Yang, Sung-Ji
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.455-458
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    • 2001
  • To screen potato clones with high resistance to hollow heart (HH) and internal brown spot (IBS), field conditions were set up to induce high frequencies of physiological disorders in 'Atlantic' potato through various treatments of mulching, periodic shadings, and plant growth regulators such as trinexapac-ethyl (Tr-E) and dicloprop-triethanol mine (DTA). IBS occurrence was as high as 67.5% in the field plot mulched with transparent film and shaded for 10 days beginning at 80 days after planting. The highest level of HH was 22.9% in the plot mulched with transparent film and shaded for 10 days beginning at 60 days after planting. Very high level of IBS (66.3%) also occurred in the plot treated with 1500 mg/L of Tr-E 40 days after planting, while HH occurred by 21.3% in the plot treated with 1000 mg/L of DTA 70 days after planting. In the plots which were treated with 1,500 mg/L of Tr-E after 40 days of planting and 1000 mg/L of DTA after 70 days of planting, 'Superior' (moderately highly resistant) and 'Atlantic' (very susceptible) could be clearly distinguished to be resistant and susceptible. High occurrence condition set up in this study could be applied for the potato breeding program to screen potato clones with high resistance to HH and IBS.

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Weed Occurrences, Growth and Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) by Hairy Vetch and Partial-Width Tillage (헤어리베치와 부분경운에 의한 잡초발생과 수수의 생육 및 수량)

  • Hwang, Jae-Bok;Jung, Ki-Youl;Yun, Eul-Soo;Choi, Young-Dae;Hyun, Jong-Nae;Yun, Jong-Tag;Oh, In-Souk;Lee, Byung-Mo
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.318-322
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    • 2014
  • The effects of cover crops on weed suppression were evaluated in this study. Weed suppressing effects of hairy vetch cover crops were evaluated in summer grain fields. Cover crops were sown at the sowing rate of $60kg\;ha^{-1}$ on Oct. 2012 and Feb. 2013 without basal fertilization. Three weeks old sorghum seedlings were transplanted after minimum tillage on June 2013. Hairy vetch cover crop treatment significantly reduced weed biomass in the transplanted sorghum. By smothering, the cover crops reduced weed biomass to economic level in sorghum. Besides the weed suppression, hairy vetch cover crop resulted in green manure effect on crop growth. Hairy vetch treatment showed beneficial effects on sorghum growth. Reduction of weeds caused by use of strip-tillage machine and polyethylene film mulching was 71% and 88%, respectively. At harvest, yield of sorghum was greater in order of polyethylene film mulching > hairy vetch cover crop > control in transplanted fields.

Effect of Banded Subsoil Fertilization on the Yields and N Utilization of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation (무 재배시 질소이용률 및 수량에 미치는 토중시비 효과)

  • Yang, Chang-Hyu;Yoo, Chul-Hyun;Shin, Bok-Woo;Kang, Seung-Won
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.398-403
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    • 2005
  • To establish law-put fertilization technique and increase of fertilization efficiency during cultivation of plastic film mulching for plastic the improvement of soil properties, nutrition efficiency and yield by banded subsoil fertilization (BSF) using band spoty applicator was conducted at radish (Raphanus sativus L.) field in Honan Agricultural Research Institute from 1997 to 1998 for 2 years. These results were as follows. T-N, available $P_2O_5$ exchangeable Ca and K contents of soil were increased those of before experiment especially in BSF treatment. Also, the content of soil $NO_3-N$ was higher in BSF as fertilization amount is increasing than in CF (conventional fertilization). Uptake amounts of nitrogen fertilized were high in BSF during overall the growth period of plant and N utilization was high by $21.9{\sim}30.4%$ in BSF compared to in CF. The rate of fertilizer loss by rainfall was largely reduced, because all fertilizer applied was putted around the root zone. The total yields of fresh radish BSF treatments were more increased $13{\sim}37%$ than that of CF treatment.