• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.585-599
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• 2014

1990년대 이래 독일 바이에른 주의 뮌헨은 독일은 물론이고 유럽의 주요 생명공학기술 클러스터의 하나로 성장하였다. 가치사슬을 따라 상호 긴밀히 연계된 기업과 기관들이 공간적으로 집적된 이른바 '클러스터'는 기업을 물론이고 지역에 상당한 경쟁 이점을 제공한다. 이 연구의 목적은 독일 뮌헨의 생명공학기술 클러스터의 사례로 독일 혁신클러스터의 형성과 발전을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 먼저 혁신클러스터의 개념을 이론적으로 개관하고, 뒤이어 뮌헨의 생명공학기술 클러스터의 사례로 하여 혁신클러스터의 구조와 발전을 분석해 보았다. 특히 이 연구에서는 혁신클러스터의 주체와 구성 요소들의 특성을 체계적으로 파악하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2013

Surgery is still considered to be the mainstay for the treatment of localized gastric cancer with negative margins (R0-resection) and an adequate lymph-node-dissection (D2-lymphadenectomy). Unfortunately, most cases of gastric cancer are only diagnosed at an advanced stage due to frequent recurrences after primary resection in curative intent. In order to improve prognosis after curative resection, in the recent past, patients with locally advanced tumors were subjected to a pre-, peri-, or postoperative treatment. Interestingly, postoperative chemotherapy has significantly improved survival after gastric resection in Asia, adjuvant radiochemotherapy is favored in North America and perioperative chemotherapy is considered as a treatment of choice in Europe indicating region specific approach towards the treatment. Recently there has also been growing evidence of positive outcomes of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy on patient survival. In the present article, we discuss the concepts of neoadjuvant treatment approach and provide recommendations to surgeons based on current evidence.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

An investigation of the methanolic extract of Maesa lanceolata leaves has led to the isolation of four novel flavonol glycosides characterised as myricetin 3-0-2', 3', 4'-triacetylxylopyranoside (1), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-3'$, $6'-diacetylglucopyranosyl-(1{\longrightarrow}4)-{\alpha}-2'$, 3'-diacetylrhamnopyranoside (2), myricetin $3-O-xylopyranosyl-(1{\to}3)-{\alpha}-rhamnopyranoside$ (3) and quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-ga1actopyranosyl-(1{\to}4)-{\alpha}-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-{\beta}-galactopyranoside$ (4). Also isolated from the same extract were known flavonols; quercetin (5), myricetin (6), quercetin 3-O-xylopyranoside (7), quercetin $3-O-{\alpha}-rhamnopyranoside$ (8), myricetin $3-O-{\alpha}-rhamnopyranoside$ (9), myricetin $3-O-{\beta}-galactopyranoside$ (10) and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (11).

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.225-240
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• 2011

Active and shape morphing aerospace structures are discussed with a focus on activities aimed at practical implementation. In active structures applications range from dynamic load alleviation in aircraft and spacecraft up to static and dynamic shape control. In contrast, shape morphing means strong shape variation according to different mission status and needs, aiming to enhance functionality and performance over wide flight and mission regimes. The interaction of required flexible materials with the morphing structure and the actuating mechanisms is specifically addressed together with approaches in design and simulation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.505-514
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the isolation prequency, serotypes, and related epidemiological properties of 341 Salmonella spp from domestic poultry and environmental samples during the period 1993-1995. A total of 1,918 samples was collected during the three years period in nationwide. Most of Salmonella spp were isolated from the intestinal contents of poultry, especially cecal(46.0%) and rectal(35.8%) contents. Among the tested samples, rat(28.5 %) was the most predominant Salmonella reservoirs and followed by duck(24.8%), broiler(18.8%), layer(14.8%) and feed(7.1%), in order. More than twelve Salmonella serovars were identified among the 341 Salmonella isolates. The most prevalent serotypes isolated from non-human sources were S enteritidis (22.3%) and S pullorum (21.9%), S muenchen (13.9%), S typhimurium (12.6%), S gallinarum, S meleagridis, S heidelberg, and S senftenberg were followed, in order. In layer chickens, S pullorum (26.0%) was the most predominant serotype but S muenchen (33.0%) was in broiler chickens, S enteritidis (28.4%) was in ducks, and S typhimurium (60.0%) was in rats, respectively. As a results, S enteritidis was identified as the most prevalent serotype in non-human Salmonella isolates in Korea during the period 1993-1995. A preliminary study on the phage typing of 19 S enteritidis selected from the nationwide scale was shown that S enteritidis phage type(PT) 4 was the most predominant PT, and SEPT 1, SEPT 6a, SEPT 7 and SEPT 7a variant were also found in the same period.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.267-273
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• 1994

Feces samples, obtained from zoo animals around Seoul, were examined for the isolation of Salmonella species, bioserotype and drug resistance for the prevention and treatment of salmonellosis, Salmonella spp were isolated 19(4.7%) from 408 samples of zoo animals. The subspecies in 19 Salmonella were all subspecies 1. The serological identification of Salmonella isolated were 31.6% in Sal typhimurium, 26.3% in Sal hadar, 21.1% in Sal muenchen, 15.8% in Sal enteritidis and 5.3% in Sal ayinde. The antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated were 13(68.4%) strains. The multiple resistant patterns of antibiotics in Salmonella were 2 drugs- and 3 drugs-resistance 30.8% respectively. The transferred rate of resistance to recipients(E coli ML 1410 $NA^r$) in Salmonella was 38.5%.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2018

Background Fat grafting, or lipofilling, represent frequent clinically used entities. The fate of these transplants is still not predictable, whereas only few animal models are available for further research. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals which can be conveniently tracked in vivo due to photoluminescence. Methods Fat grafts in cluster form were labeled with cadmium-telluride (CdTe)-QD 770 and transplanted subcutaneously in a murine in vivo model. Photoluminescence levels were serially followed in vivo. Results Tracing of fat grafts was possible for 50 days with CdTe-QD 770. The remaining photoluminescence was $4.9%{\pm}2.5%$ for the QDs marked fat grafts after 30 days and $4.2%{\pm}1.7%$ after 50 days. There was no significant correlation in the relative course of the tracking signal, when vital fat transplants were compared to non-vital graft controls. Conclusions For the first-time fat grafts were tracked in vivo with CdTe-QDs. CdTe-QDs could offer a new option for in vivo tracking of fat grafts for at least 50 days, but do not document vitality of the grafts.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1853-1857
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• 2008

Salmonella contamination in chicken meat was studied with 100 chicken meat samples purchased from 55 shops located in various regions. A total of 21 isolates of Salmonella enterica were isolated from 21 chicken meat samples from four shops located at open markets, whereas there were none from supermarkets with well-equipped cold systems. Among these, 18 isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Haardt (S. Haardt) and three isolates were S. enterica serotype Muenchen. When the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the S. Haardt isolates were assayed with the agar dilution method to determine susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid, all 18 isolates were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid and nine of these were resistant to ampicillin. These isolates showed reduced susceptibility to eight fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. When quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA and gyrB were sequenced, every isolate had the same missense mutation Ser83$\rightarrow$Tyr (TCC$\rightarrow$+TAC) in gyrA, whereas no mutation was found in gyrB. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with XbaI revealed a close relationship among these isolates, suggesting a contamination of raw chicken meat with clonal spread of nalidixic acid-resistant and quinolone-reduced susceptibility S. Haardt in chickens. Results in this study show the importance of a well-equipped cold system and the prudent use of fluoroquinolone in chickens to prevent the occurrence of quinolone-resistant isolates.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2007

제주도를 포함한 전국규모로 15개 시 도에 위치한 도계장에서 직접 수거한 도계육에 대하여 미생물 오염도 조사로서 총세균수, 대장균군수 및 포도상구균수에 대해서 조사를 하였다. 특히 주요 인수공통 병원성 세균들인 Salmonella 속균과 Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, 그리고 E. coli O157:H7 균에 대해서도 함께 조사를 하였다. 그리고 도계장에서 보다 안전하고 위생적인 처리를 위해서 가장 흔히 사용되는 방법인 염소(20mg/L포함)를 첨가한 염소수로서 수세한 처리계육과 그렇지 않은 비처리 도계육 상호간에 대해서도 Salmonella 속균의 분리율과 기타 균종의 억제효과에 대해서도 비교조사를 수행하였다. 먼저 예비조사로서 강원지역을 비롯한 전국 6개 시 도의 도계장 유래 계육에 대해서 세균오염도의 비교조사에서는 포도상구균수, 대장균군수 및 총세균수의 순서로 오염도를 나타내었다. 이 성적은 시판계육의 미생물 오염도 수준보다는 $10{\sim}100$배 이상 낮은 오염도 성적이었다. 그리고 동일계육에 대한 Salmonella 속균의 분리율은 63.3%(19/30)였고, S. enteritidix (33.3%)가 가장 지배적인 혈청형이었으며, 동시에 S. typhimurium (3.3%), S. muenchen (30.0%)도 분리되었다. 하편, 염소수로 세척한 도계육은 총세균수와 대장균군수의 비교조사에서 비처리 계육보다도 약 100배정도로 균수의 억제효과를 보였다. 반면에 포도상구균수에서는 양자간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 알았다. 또한 Salmonella 속균에 대한 억제효과의 비교조사에서도 20 ppm의 염소처리로서는 포도상구균과 마찬가지로 Salmonella 속균에 대해서도 뚜렷한 억제효과를 발휘하지 못한 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 보다 확대된 규모의 조사결과에서 제주도를 포함한 부산, 경남, 대구, 경북, 전남, 광주, 전북, 충남, 대전, 충북, 강원, 서울, 인천 및 경기지역을 포함하여 총 15개 시 도의 도계장 수거계육에서 Salmonella속균은 58.3%(67/115)에서 분리되었고, S. muenchen (57.3%)과 S. enteritidis (22.7%)가 대부분을 차지하였고, 인수공통병원균 중에서는 L. monocytogenes(43.5%), C. jejuni(37.4%), S. aureus(30.4%)의 순서로 분리되었으나, E. coli O157:H7은 국내 계육에서 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 결과적으로 도계육이 위생적이며 안전하게 시판되기 위해서는 최종적인 도계공정 이후 다양한 유통과정에서 발생될 수 있는교차 및 추가오염의 기회를 줄이기 위한 보다 철저한 위생관리 대책과 보완대책이 필요하다는 사실을 이 성적을 통하여 비로소 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.140-140
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• 2017

Nutritious and functional foods from crop have received great attention in recent years. Colored-grain wheat contains high phenolic compound and a large number of flavonoid. The anthocyanin and polyphenolic synthesis and accumulation is generally stimulated in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we analyzed genome wide transcripts in seedling of colored-grain wheat response to ABA and PEG treatment. About 900 and 1500 transcripts (p-value < 0.05) from ABA and PEG treatment were aligned to IWGSC1+popseq DB which is composed of over 110,000 transcripts including 100,934 coding genes. NR protein sequences of Poaceae from NCBI and protein sequence of transcription factors originated from 83 species in plant transcription factor database v3.0 were used for annotation of putative transcripts. Gene ontology analysis were conducted and KEGG mapping was performed to show expression pattern of biosynthesis genes related in flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavons and anthocyanin biopathway. DroughtDB (http://pgsb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/droughtdb/) was used for detection of DEGs to explain that physiological and molecular drought avoidance by drought tolerance mechanisms. Drought response pathway, such as ABA signaling, water and ion channels, detoxification signaling, enzymes of osmolyte biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription factors related DEGs were selected to explain response mechanism under water deficit condition. Anthocyanin, phenol compound, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured and antioxidant activity enzyme assays were conducted to show biochemical adaptation under water deficit condition. Several MYB and bHLH transcription factors were up-regulated in both ABA and PEG treated condition, which means highly expressed MYB and bHLH transcription factors enhanced the expression of genes related in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids, such as anthocyanin and dihydroflavonols in colored wheat seedlings. Subsequently, the accumulation of total anthocyanin and phenol contents were observed in colored wheat seedlings, and antioxidant capacity was promoted by upregulation of genes involved in maintaining redox state and activation of antioxidant scavengers, such as CAT, APX, POD, and SOD in colored wheat seedlings under water deficit condition. This work may provide valuable and basic information for further investigation of the molecular responses of colored-grain wheat to water deficit stress and for further gene-based studies.