• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine physiological and mechanical factors effecting on the pregnancy rates following artificial insemination in dairy cattle. Estrus for artificial insemination of cows was checked whether the outflow of mucus from the elements was out flow or not. There were no significant difference of gestation rates with mucus release (31.76%) and without mucus release (24.03%). The pregnancy rates were 39.02% in 10~20mm of follicle size group and 27.08% (p<0.05) in 20~30mm diameter of the follicles. There were not different pregnancy rates between twice inseminated dairy cattle and more than 3 times inseminated cattle. The pregnancy rate was 28.57% under automatic milking system. In contrast, under artificial milking system pregnancy rate was 56.85%. Two systems significantly (p<0.05) were different. These results suggest that pregnancy rates were not effected by physiological system, but mechanical condition.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2020

Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, are associated with excessive mucus production. Hence, the regulation of mucus production is important for the treatment of upper and lower airway diseases. Eupatilin is a pharmacologically active ingredient obtained from Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Asteraceae) and exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we investigated the effect of eupatilin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. We found that eupatilin treatment significantly inhibited PMA-induced mucus secretion in PAS staining. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that eupatilin dose-dependently decreased the mRNA expression of MUC5AC in human airway epithelial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay also showed that PMA-induced protein expression of MUC5AC was inhibited by eupatilin treatment. Finally, we investigated MAPKs activity after stimulation with PMA using western blot analysis in human airway epithelial cells. The results showed that eupatilin downregulated the levels of phosphorylated p38, ERK, and JNK. In summary, the anti-inflammatory activities of eupatilin, characterized as the suppression of MUC5AC expression and secretion in human airway epithelial cells, were found to be associated with the inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signaling pathway of MUC5AC secretion.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 1979

The short-term acute toxicities of mercury, cadmium and copper for the clam, Meretrix lusoria were determined from 28 June to 15 July, 1978. In the test with mercury and copper, the rate ot mucus excretion increased gradually at a higher concentration. But the clams did not excrete mucus in the solutions of cadmium and natural sea water. The rate of mucus excretion in mercury was $42.9\%$, and that in copper was $14.3\%$ in a test solution of 1mg/l. mercury was more toxic than copper. The median lethal concentration after 96 hours (96 hr-Lc 50) was 0.67mg/l in mercury, 7.04mg/l in copper and 7.10mg/l in cadmium. Consequently it was found that mercury was the most toxic substance and cadmium was the least. meanwhile, it was considered that exposure time by stimulation in a fixed concentration caused the test animals to respond.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.290-297
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• 2020

This study focuses on figuring out the possibility of cosmetics raw materials, especially the A. manihot jinhuakui, The viscosity of the frozen-dried extracts were all increased according to the added concentration, and the high viscosity of the WF extracted with water-based alkaline solvent was confirmed. We used snail mucus to compare the viscosity of the A. manihot jinhuakui. We generated the emulsions of experimental groups with 10% of freezing and drying A. manihot jinhuakui and control group emulsions with 10% of freezing and drying snail mucus. By the results, it shows that the WF experimental group had the highest incremental viscosity rates as 129,200 cPs. In the elastic changes and moisture measurement of the skin, the A. manihot jinhuakui extracts growth rate was the highest more than snail mucus. It demonstrated the possibility of cosmetics raw materials in A. manihot jinhuakui, which takes into account the properties of natural products.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.339-351
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• 1999

Excess secretion of goblet cell stimulated by inhalation anesthetics have side effects during operation or postoperative care. Mucosubstances, which are almost secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, are secreted by a direct irritation of inhalation anesthetics. This study was carried out to compare the differences of mucus secretion on lower respiratory tract stimulated by ethyl ether, halothane and isoflurane. Total of 24 rabbits were used as experimental animals. The trachea and the 1st bronchi were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After embedding in paraffin, the specimens were sectioned to a thickness of 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0 stains were performed for the observation of the composition and the quantity of the mucus. The results were as follows; Ethyl ether and isoflurane irritated the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Ethyl ether irritated more than isoflurane. Halothane irritated the mucous membrane, but its effect was minimal and had little influences during operation. In the specimens stained with PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0, the mucosubstance lining the cilia and in the goblet cells of the trachea and 1st bronchi were the strongly PAS-H reactive mucosubstances, moderately Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0. The PAS-H reactive mucosubstance were polysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. Trachea was easily affected than bronchi by inhalation anesthetics. Consequently, it is suggested that because halothane does not irritates respiratory mucosal secretion, its application may be efficient to the depressed respiratory system.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1998

This experiment was performed in order to study the effects of Sojadodamgangkitang on the injured tracheal tissue induced $SO_2$ in rats. Healthy adult male rats weighting about 250g were divided into 4 groups-the Normal group, the Control group, the group of Sojadodamgangkitang administration for 5 days after $SO_2$ gas exposure (Sample I), and the group of Sojadodamgangkitang administration for 10 days before and for 5 days after $SO_2$ gas exposure (Sample II). The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In the trachea Control group. the lesion of the ciliated epithelium was severe and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract was increased iginificantly. 2. In the trachea of Sample I group, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control group. 3. In the trachea of Sample II group, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control and Sample I group. According to the above results, Sojadodamgangkitang has significant effect on the injuried tracheal tissue caused by $SO_2$ in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.76-87
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• 2008

Objectives: In this study, the author investigated whether Haengso-tang (HST) and Chwiyeon-tang (CHT) affect both in vitro mucin secretion and MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells and in vivo mucin secretion from animal model for airway mucus hypersecretion. Materials and Methods: Confluent HTSE cells (non-labeled) were chased for 30 min in the presence of HST and CHT to assess the effects of the agents on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with removal of oriental herbal medicine extract from each agent-treated sample by centrifuge microfilter. Also, the effects of the agents on TNF- or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. The author also induced hypersecretion of airway mucus by exposure of rats to SO2 for 3 weeks. Effects of orally-administered HST and CHT during 1 week on in vivo mucin secretion from tracheal goblet cells of rats were assessed using ELISA. Results: (1) HST significantly decreased in vitro mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells. However, CHT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion from HTSE cells; (2) CHT significantly inhibited the expression levels of EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells. However, HST did not affect the expression levels of EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells; (3) CHT significantly inhibited hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. However, HST did not affect hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. Conclusion: These results suggest that CHT can not only affect the secretion of mucin but also the expression of the mucin gene and could be helpful for treating pulmonary disease caused by secretion of mucin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2010

Because Lonicerae Flos has effects of antiinflammatory and antioxidant, we studied an effect of Lonicerae Flos on reflux esophagitis (RE) through those effects. Rats were treated with three different dosages of LF (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) orally for 14 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, we dissected a stomach and examined a stomach volume, gastric acid output, pepsin release in the stomach, total hexose, sialic acid in stomach tissue and histamine contents of sera. The results were compared with an ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (once orally, 1hr before operation, 30 mg/kg) treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Lonicerae Flos extract (LE) reduced gastric volumes compared to RE control. This indicate that LE protect a stomach mucosa by depressing of gastric acid release and corresponse with a reducing histamine content of serum. And LE decreasd a volume of pepsin in stomach compraed to RE control, LE increased contents of total hexose and sialic acid based on esophageal and gastric mucus. This indicated that an increased mucus by LE protected inflammation of esophagus mucosa and gastric mucosa induced by gastric acid. So, LE suppressed a gasric acid by decreasing a pepsin release in stomach, suppressed an injury of esophagus inducted by gastric acid with increasing esophageal mucus and a minimum dose of LE to RE was 250 mg/kg. The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2008

To understand the activity of non-specific defence factors in cultured Sebastes, the antibacterial effect of the serum, skin mucus and homogenate of various organs from cultured oblong rockfish (Sebastes oblongus) and rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli) against pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, and Streptococcus sp. was compared with that of flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) and seabass(Leteolabrax japonicus). And the activities of proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme and haemolycin as non-specific defence factor were investigated on the oblong rockfish and rockfish. Samples from oblong rockfish showed the highest antibacterial activity by lysoplate assay on agar plate mixed with pathogens, followed in descending order by rockfish, seabass, and flounder. Turbidimetric assay was carried to evaluate the lysozyme activity of fish samples against lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeiktikus. The serum, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine and eyeball of oblong rockfish and the mucus and gill of rockfish appeared to have the highest lysozyme activity among the fish strains investigated. All samples except skin mucus, liver, and eyeball of oblong rockfish and rockfish showed proteolytic enzyme activity. Chitinolytic enzyme activity was showed in random sampling and haemolytic activity was remarkable in oblong rockfish. Therefore, Sebastes strain was proved to have effective defense mechanisms based on the antibacterial activities, and lysozyme, proteolytic enzyme, chitinolytic enzyme, and haemolycin were considered to act as the non-specific defence factor of Sebastes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.807-813
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the acupuncture points and the The Meridians and Collaterals which are often applicable to Allergic Rhinitis treatment and to help us do a clinical diagnosis. In my discretion, to study Allergic Rhinitis, investigating rhinitis, syuffy nose and nasal mucus is essential. And 1 investigated the acupuncture points and The Meridians and Collaterals and dialectic patterns which are useful for the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. 1 also investigated the correlation of the acupuncture points, and The Meridians and Collaterals and other dialectic patterns. The order of frequency in use of The Meridians and Collaterals is The Governor Vessel, The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming, The Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang and the order of frequency in moxibustion is The Governor Vessel, The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming. In the acupuncturation of stuffy nose, there are 33 points, and the order of frequency in use is LU2O, GV23, LU4, GBI 5, GV2O, BL7, GV22. In the acupuncturation of nasal mucus, there are 21 points, and the order of frequency in use is LU2O,, GV23, GVl6, GV26, BLl2, GV2O, GB2O. It is thought that acupuncture points LU2O, GV23, LU4 can go through the nasal cavity and remove wind fever. And those are used for the face and the five sensory organs diseases. It means that those acupuncture points have similar efficacy. It is thought that The Meridians and Collaterals of The Governor Vessel, The Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming, The Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang go on a patrol near nose and cure nose disease.