• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1998

The role of the ECP(Eosinophilic cationic protein) is still unknown in the allergic rhinitis. In bronchial asthma, ECP can induce the exposure of the neuropeptidergic nerve to environments destroying the bronchial mucosa, aggravating the bronchial hypersensitivity and delay the mucociliary clearance. In the clinical aspect, we can (md that patients with perennial allergic rhinitis sometimes have sinusitis. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether mucosal damage by ECP can play a role to develop the sinusitis by delaying the mucociliary clearance, and relationship between long symptom duration of allergic rhinitis and mucociliary clearance. In 32 perennial allergic rhinitis patients, we elucidated there is correlation among ECP presence, mucociliary clearance, sinusitis, and symptom durations. The obtained results were as follows : 1. ECP appeared in all mucosa of each specimen. 2. Mean mucociliary clearance time is 6 mins. 12 sec. in allergic patients with sinusitis, 6 mins. 36 sec in allergic patients without sinusitis. 3. n out of 32 cases have mucosal destruction. 4. Symptom duration is not correlated with the development of sinusitis. This study suggests that ECP may destroy the mucosa in allergic rhinitis and the mucociliary clearance of allergic rhinitis is not related to sinusitis and symptom dotation. Therefore development of sinusitis in allergic rhinitis seems not to be caused by delaying of mucociliary clearance due to mucosal destruction, but by some other factors.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

Background: Delayed mucociliary clearance develops the pooling of nasal secretion in the nasal cavity and is a common cause of vicious cycle of symptoms in chronic sinusitis. mucociliary clearance depends on the ciliary activity, the rheological property of the secretion and on the interaction between cilia and the mucous blanket. Objective: To demonstrate the therapeutic effect of herbal medicine (Hyunggyeyungotang) on the mucociliary transport in the chronic sinusitis using saccharine Materials and methods: Forty patients treated in our hospital between september 2000 and september 2001 were studied. Before and after therapy group are composed of twenty patients. Kamihyunggyeyungyotang was administered mainly. We analyzed the saccharine mucociliary transport time of patients. Results: 1) In the control group, the transport time is about 13.4 minutes. 2) In chronic sinusitis before Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy, the transport time is about 27.7 minutes. 3) In chronic sinusitis after Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy, the transport time is about 13.8 minutes. Conclusion: Delayed mucociliary transport time in chronic sinusitis is earlier after Kamihyunggyeyungotang therapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1996

연구배경 : 점액섬모 청소율의 저하가 천식의 병태생리에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하리라고 생각되어 왔다. 실제로 직접적인 기관지 내시경 검사 또는 핵의학적 검사를 이용하여 시행한 연구에의 성인의 기관지 천식에서 점액성모 청소율의 저하가 있으며 천식 증상의 정도와 임상 상태에 따라 점액섬모 청소율이 변화한다는 것이 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 소아 천식 환자에서 점액섬모 청소율의 저하가 있는지 알아보고, 이의 저하가 어느 정도인지를 평가하고자 경증의 안정된 천식 환아군, 대표적 섬모 운동 이상질환인 비운동성 섬모 증후군 환이군 그리고 정상 대조군에서 점액섬모 청소율 스캔을 시행하였다. 아울러 천식 환아에서 기도과민성의 지표인 $PC_{20}$과 점액성모 청소율의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 13명의 경증의 안정된 천식환아와 8명의 비운동성 섬모증후군 환아를 대상으로 하였고 10명의 정상 대조군과 비교하였다. 점액섬모 청소율은 방사능 분무술을 사용하여 측정하였다 연무제로는 $^{99m}Tc$으로 표지된 Tin colloid를 사용하였고 nebulizer를 통해 생성하였고 흡인은 자발 호흡을 이용하여 mouthpiece를 통하였고 흡입한 후 gamma camera로 흡입직후; 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분에 각각 잔류 방사능을 측정하였다. 점액섬모 청소율은 각 시간에 따른 잔류 방사능량을 기저 방사능량에 대한 백분율로 계산하여 나타내었다. 천식 환아의 $PC_{20}$은 methacholine Chai등에 의한 방법으로 시행하여 구하였다. 결과 : 1) 모든 대상군에서 잔류 방사능 비율은 시간에 따라 저하되었다. 2) 30분, 60분 90분의 잔류 방사능 비율은 비운동성 성모 증후군 환아군, 천식 환아군, 정상 대조군 순이었으나 통계상으로는 비운동성 섬모 증환아군과 정상 대조군에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3) 2시간 잔류 방사능 비율을 비교하였는데 천식환아에서 정상군에 비하여 유의하게 높았고 비운동성 섬모 증후군에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 4) 천식 환아에서 $PC_{20}$을 잔류 방사능 비율과 비교하였는데 $PC_{20}$과 잔류 방사능 비율과는 상관 관계가 없었다. 결론 : 점액섬모 청소율은 소아 천식 환아에서도 정상보다 저하되어 있었다. 이런 소견에서 정액섬모 청소율의 저하가 소아 천식에서도 성인에서와 마찬가지로 병태생리에 중요한 인자로 관여할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 소아 천식 환아에서의 점액섬모 청소율의 저하의 정도는 비운동성 섬모 증후군 환아에 비하여 심하지 않았다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.131-139
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• 1996

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 2000년도 2nd Korea-China Congress of Nuclear Medicine and 39th Annual Spring Meeting if the Korea SOciety Nuclear Medicine
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• pp.51.2-51.2
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• 2000

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.770-780
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• 2002

The airway surface liquid (ASL), often referred to as mucus, is a thin layer of fluid covering the luminal surface of the airway. The major function of mucus is to protect the lung through mucociliary clearance against foreign particles and chemicals entering the lung. The mucus is comprised of water, ions, and various kinds of macromolecules some of which possess the protective functions such as anti-microbial, anti-protease, and anti-oxidant activity. Mucus glycoproteins or mucins are mainly responsible for the viscoelastic property of mucus, which is crucial for the effective mucociliary clearance. There are at least eight mucin genes identified in the human airways, which will potentially generate various kinds of mucin molecules. At present, neither the exact structures of mucin proteins nor their regulation are understood although it seems likely that different types of mucins are involved in different functions and might also be associated with certain airway diseases. The fact that mucins are tightly associated with various macromolecules present in ASL seems to suggest that the defensive role of ASL is determined not only by these individual components but rather by a combination of these components. Collectively, mucins in ASL may be compared to aircraft carriers carrying various types of weapons in defense of airborne enemies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2021

Background: Abnormal chloride (Cl-) transport has a detrimental impact on mucociliary clearance in both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis. Ginseng is a medicinal plant noted to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The present study aims to assess the capability of red ginseng aqueous extract (RGAE) to promote transepithelial Cl- secretion in nasal epithelium. Methods: Primary murine nasal septal epithelial (MNSE) [wild-type (WT) and transgenic CFTR-/-], fisher-rat-thyroid (FRT) cells expressing human WT CFTR, and TMEM16A-expressing human embryonic kidney cultures were utilized for the present experiments. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and airway surface liquid (ASL) depth measurements were performed using micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT). Mechanisms underlying transepithelial Cl- transport were determined using pharmacologic manipulation in Ussing chambers and whole-cell patch clamp analysis. Results: RGAE (at 30㎍/mL of ginsenosides) significantly increased Cl- transport [measured as change in short-circuit current (ΔISC = ㎂/㎠)] when compared with control in WT and CFTR-/- MNSE (WT vs control = 49.8±2.6 vs 0.1+/-0.2, CFTR-/- = 33.5±1.5 vs 0.2±0.3, p < 0.0001). In FRT cells, the CFTR-mediated ΔISC attributed to RGAE was small (6.8 ± 2.5 vs control, 0.03 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). In patch clamp, TMEM16A-mediated currents were markedly improved with co-administration of RGAE and uridine 5-triphosphate (8406.3 +/- 807.7 pA) over uridine 5-triphosphate (3524.1 +/- 292.4 pA) or RGAE alone (465.2 +/- 90.7 pA) (p < 0.0001). ASL and CBF were significantly greater with RGAE (6.2+/-0.3 ㎛ vs control, 3.9+/-0.09 ㎛; 10.4+/-0.3 Hz vs control, 7.3 ± 0.2 Hz; p < 0.0001) in MNSE. Conclusion: RGAE augments ASL depth and CBF by stimulating Cl- secretion through CaCC, which suggests therapeutic potential in both CF and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2022

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 15,000-30,000 people, with the majority of patients inheriting the disorder via autosomal recessive inheritance. PCD is characterized by abnormal ciliary ultrastructure and/or function, which results in impaired mucociliary clearance and recurrent respiratory infections. Despite the presence of symptoms from birth, many patients with PCD remain undiagnosed until adulthood. Many advances in the diagnosis of PCD have occurred in recent years, including nasal nitric oxide assays, ciliary motility tests, and genetic sequencing. Early diagnosis and symptom management may reduce morbidity and mortality from PCD improving the patient's quality of life.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2024

Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) results from the exposure of susceptible hosts to a diverse group of environmental mycobacteria. The emphasis on nonpharmacological strategies is motivated by the widespread presence of NTM in various environments, and the inconsistent success rates of pharmacological treatments. Modifiable factors contributing to NTM-PD development include impaired airway clearance, low body mass index, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and exposure to NTM habitats. This suggests that lifestyle and environmental modifications could affect disease development and progression. The review highlights several modalities that can modify the risk factors. Airway clearance techniques, informed by the "gel-on-brush" model of the bronchial epithelium, aim to enhance mucociliary clearance, and have the potential to alleviate symptoms and improve lung function. The impact of nutritional status is also examined, with a lower body mass index linked to an increased risk and progression of NTM-PD, indicating the importance of targeted nutritional support. Additionally, the theoretical and epidemiological links between gastroesophageal reflux disease and NTM-PD advocate careful management of reflux episodes. Understanding the risk of NTM transmission through environmental exposure to contaminated water and soil is also crucial. Strategies to mitigate this risk, including effective water management and minimizing soil contact, are presented as vital preventive measures. The review supports the inclusion of nonpharmacological treatments within a comprehensive NTM-PD management strategy, alongside conventional pharmacological therapies. This integrated approach seeks to improve the overall understanding and handling of NTM-PD.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2014

A 28-year-old male patient with a history of cystic fibrosis (CF) was referred to the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine for an evaluation of a cystic lesion in the right maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CF is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by an abnormal production of viscous mucus, affecting the mucociliary clearance. The CBCT scan revealed a large cystic lesion in the right maxilla extending from the right maxillary second molar to the midline in the region of the right central incisor with a significant buccal expansion. Further evaluation revealed complete opacification of the paranasal sinuses with medial bulging of the lateral maxillary sinus walls. The maxillary and sphenoid sinuses also appeared hypoplastic. The peculiar finding seen in this case was the presence of marked sclerosis and an increase in the thickness of the adjacent bony framework. This report aimed to describe the common sinonasal findings associated with CF and its underlying pathophysiology.