• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2021

Objective : Until recently, the transfemoral approach (TFA) was used as the primary method of arterial approach in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, TFA resulted in longer reperfusion times and worse outcomes in the mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of patients with complex aortic arches and significant carotid tortuosity. We found that the transradial approach (TRA) is a more favorable alternative approach for MT in such cases. Methods : We performed a retrospective review of our institutional database to identify 202 patients who underwent MT for AIS between February 2015 and December 2019. Patient characteristics, cause of TFA failure, procedure time, intra-procedural complications, and outcomes were recorded. Results : Eleven (5.4%) of 202 patients, who underwent MT for AIS, crossed over to TRA for recanalization, and eight (72%) of 11 achieved successful recanalization (≥modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction 2b). The mean age (mean±standard deviation [median]) was 82.3±6.6 (76) years, and five of the 11 patients were male. The last seen normal to puncture time was 467.9±264.72 (264) minutes; baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 28.9±14.5 (16). Six (55%) of the 11 patients had right vertebrobasilar occlusions, and the remaining five (45%) had anterior circulation occlusive disease. The time from groin puncture to final recanalization time (overall procedural time) was 78.0±20.1 (62) minutes. The mean crossover time from TFA to TRA was 45.2±10.5 (41) minutes. The mean time from radial puncture to final recanalization was 33.8±10.5 (28) minutes. Distal thrombus migration events in previously unaffected territories occurred in 3/8 patients (37%). At 90 days, three patients (28%) had a favorable clinical outcome. Conclusion : Although rare, failure of TFA has been known to occur during MT for AIS. Our results demonstrate that TRA may be an alternative option for AIS intervention for select patients with subsequent timely revascularization. However, the incidence of distal thrombus migration was high, and the first puncture to reperfusion time was prolonged because of the time taken for the crossover to TRA after failure of TFA. This study provides some evidence that the TRA may be a viable alternative option to the TFA for MT of AIS.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expression of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was devided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: In the analysis of expression levels, Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 expressions were similar in group 1 and 2. Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 expressions was more increased in group 3 than group 1, 2. The difference between group 3 and group 1, 2 was statistically significant. Also, in the interrelationship of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 expressions, expressions of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 showed increasing tendency in chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM and it seems that the MT-MMP-1 expressions were increasing in proportion to Stromelysin-1 expressions. Conclusion: It is suggested that Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 may be partly involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM, as related to a metabolism of other factors, such as AGE, plasmin and other inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the expression levels of Stromelysin-1 and MT-MMP-1 can be inflammatory markers of periodontal inflammed tissue with type 2 DM.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.295-298
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• 2007

본 연구는 쌀가루의 저장온도 및 저장기간에 따른 병원성 미생물 생육특성을 조사하고 안전성과 유효성을 고려한 상업적 열풍 및 마이크로파 처리방법을 사용하여 쌀가루의 미생물학적 안전성, 저장성 및 품질유지를 최적화하고자 하였다. 마이크로파 처리(700 watt/30 sec, MT)와 열풍 처리($65^{\circ}C$/15 min, HT) 후 쌀가루의 처리전과 대비한 색차변화값(${\Delta}E$)은 각각 0.15와 0.27로 측정되어 마이크로파 건조가 열풍 건조보다 색깔의 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났다. B. cereus와 E. sakazakii의 살균력은 MT 처리 후 각각 0.54 log CFU/g, 1.45 log CFU/g으로 감소하여 HT 처리 보다 살균효과가 강하였다. 대조구(NT) 쌀가루의 B. cereus는 4, 10, $20^{\circ}C$ 모든 온도에서 빠른 성장을 보였으나, MT 처리시 성장이 최소화 되었다. E. sakazakii는 4, 10, $20^{\circ}C$ 모든 온도에서 그리고 HT, MT 모든 처리구에서 성장하지 못하였는데, MT 처리시 생존균수가 가장 적었다. 결론적으로 쌀가루의 품질면에서나 미생물학적 안전성 측면에서 마이크로파 처리는 열풍건조 처리를 대체할 수 있는 건조방법으로 평가되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2009

유니버설디자인은 '모두를 위한 디자인'이고 '적응 가능한 디자인'으로 생활권 숲길에서 도입 필요성이 높다. 본 연구는 유니버설디자인 7원칙을 기본으로 정비한 생활권 숲길인 경상북도 포항시 도음산과 강원도 춘천시 안마산을 대상으로 숲길 보행시설의 중요도-성취도 분석으로 이용객 평가를 실시하여 효율적인 유니버설디자인 적용 숲길 조성을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 하였다. 이용객 평가는 설문조사로 하였으며, 포항 도음산에서 134부, 춘천 안마산에서 113부 총 247부의 응답 자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 응답자 거주지는 포항 도음산, 춘천 안마산 모두 주변 거주자가주를 이루었다. 도음산의 방문목적은 자연관찰과 교육이라는 응답 비율이 가장 높았고, 안마산은 건강을 위한 숲길이용이 주를 이루어 생활권 숲길 이용 행태의 전형적인 유형이었다. 포항 도음산의 중요도-성취도 분석 결과 중요도 평균값은 3.87, 성취도 평균값은 4.04로 높았다. 이는 유니버설디자인 적용 숲길의 시설 정비에 대해 매우 긍정적인 평가를 하였기 때문에 나타난 결과로 생각된다. 유도 및 안전 핸드레일의 안전·편리성과 안내사인의 내용을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 고려할 필요가 있으며, 이용목적에 부합하도록 생태해설 사인 도입이 요구된다. 또 숲길 접근 편리를 위해 노면 단차를 없애는 관리가 필요하다. 춘천 안마산에서 중요도 평균값은 3.92, 성취도 평균값은 3.99이었으며, 노면포장재료와 경계안전시설의 안전성 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제56호
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• pp.9-33
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• 2014

본고의 목적은 퇴계의 청량산시에 나타난 유산(遊山)체험의 시화(詩化)양상 및 그것의 의미를 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해 그 양상을 소재적 측면, 대상 제시의 방법, 대상 인식 및 지향으로 나누어 살핀다. 퇴계가 자신의 청량산 체험을 시화한 작품은 약 50여 수이다. 이들은 55세(1555년)와 64세(1564년)에 각각 지어진 것으로, 창작 시기에 따라 차별성을 띠고 있어 주목할 만하다. 먼저 소재적 측면을 살피면, 1차 체험에서는 청량산 자체보다는 청량산에서의 행위를 시적 소재로 주목하고 있다. 이때 청량산은 자신이 머무는 탈속의 공간으로서 중요한 의미를 지닐 뿐이다. 반면 2차 체험에서는 청량산 자체가 시적 대상으로 주목을 받고 있으며 관련 경물 하나하나가 시적 소재로 다루어진다. 이러한 차이는 시적 공간의 제시방식과 연계된다. 1차 청량산 체험을 다룬 시에서 시적 공간인 청량산은 추상적이고 통합적이다. 여기서 청량산의 특성은 부각되지 않으며 차갑고 험준한 이미지로 부각된다. 2차 청량산 체험을 다룬 시에서 시적 공간은 구체적이다. 청량산의 각각 경관이 분절되어 독립적인 공간으로 제시된다. 이러한 시적 소재와 공간 제시는 청량산에 대한 인식과 지향으로 이어진다. 1차 체험을 다룬 시에서 청량산은 속세와 떨어진 고독의 공간으로 인식되어 충실한 자기성찰을 지향한다. 반면 2차 체험에서 청량산은 다른 이들을 떠올리고 함께 공유하는 대상으로 인식된다. 이를 통해 시적화자는 유산체험의 충족감을 느끼고 타인과의 소통을 지향한다. 이상의 시화양상은 퇴계의 시적 특성과 지향을 텍스트를 통해 세밀히 고찰하였다는 의의가 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to investigate economic feasibility of manganese nodules in Korea area (Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone). We assumed that the production scale of manganese nodules were 3.0MT or 1.5MT and analyzed that the capital cost and operating cost were estimated in the four sectors, exploration, mining, transportation and metallurgical process. The capital cost and operating cost evaluation reflects the latest technical practices. First, for analyzing economic feasibility, the scenario suggests that the production of 4 metals can be made for 25 years. Assuming the discount rate at 8.0%, equity capital at 50% and tax at 27%. When manganese nodule were mininged 3.0 MT, economic feasibility analyses showed that IRR was 12.8 and pay-back period was 9.2 years, and when manganese nodules were mininged 1.5 MT, economic feasibility analyses showed that IRR was 4.0 and pay-back period was 11.8 years. This study indicated there is economic validity of at the product of manganese nodules 3.0 MT. In addition, we carried out a sensitivity analysis at the change of cobalt price on mining 1.5 MT. The result of sensitivity analysis clearly showed that economic validity is high at increasing of cobalt price 50% up.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권9B호
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2011

Carrier Ethernet, which extend The algorithm based on constructing the mixed topology and performing link stretching, MT/s, has been proposed for designing cost-efficient Carrier Ethernet in optical network with multi-line-rate. However, the MT/s algorithm has high blocking ratio because the wavelength capacity is fully allocated without considering the load balance of network. In this paper, we propose an efficient mixed topology configuration (EMTC) algorithm by modifying MT/s algorithm. In order to reduce blocking ratio, we adapt a threshold for each link to restrict the link utilization so that traffic load can be distributed over whole network. We also apply the EMTC algorithm into optical hybrid switched network to evaluate the availability of our algorithm for different applications. The performance of the EMTC algorithm is compared with that of MT/s algorithm through OPNET simulation. The simulation results show that our algorithm achieve lower blocking ratio than the MT/s algorithm. Moreover, in hybrid switched network, our algorithm performs better than MT/s algorithm in terms of packet loss ratio and end-to-end delay.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2014

We isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) WRKY gene which is highly upregulated in senescent leaves, denoted OsWRKY42. Analysis of OsWRKY42-GFP expression and its effects on transcriptional activation in maize protoplasts suggested that the OsWRKY42 protein functions as a nuclear transcriptional repressor. OsWRKY42-overexpressing (OsWR KY42OX) transgenic rice plants exhibited an early leaf senescence phenotype with accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide and a reduced chlorophyll content. Expression analysis of ROS producing and scavenging genes revealed that the metallothionein genes clustered on chromosome 12, especially OsMT1d, were strongly repressed in OsWRKY42OX plants. An OsMT1d promoter:LUC construct was found to be repressed by OsWRKY42 overexpression in rice protoplasts. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that OsWRKY42 binds to the W-box of the OsMT1d promoter. Our results thus suggest that OsWRKY42 represses OsMT1d-mediated ROS scavenging and thereby promotes leaf senescence in rice.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2003

A mutant herpes simplex virus 1, mtHSV, was constructed by inserting the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene into the loci of icp34.5, the apoptosis-inhibiting gene of HSV. The mtHSV replicated in and lysed U251 (human glioma cells), EJ (human bladder cells), and S-180 (mice sarcoma cells), but not Wish (human amnion cells) cells. With its intact tk (thymidine kinase) gene, mtHSV exhibited susceptibility to acyclovir (ACV), which provided an approach to control viral replication. An in vivo test with mtHSV was conducted in immune-competent mice bearing sarcoma S-180 tumors, which were treated with a single intratumoral injection of mtHSV or PBS. Tumor dimensions then were measured at serial time points, and the tumor volumes were calculated. Sarcoma growth was significantly inhibited with prolonged time and reduced tumor volume. There was microscopic evidence of necrosis of tumors in treated mice, whereas no damage was found in other organs. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that virus replication was exclusively confined to the treated tumor cells. HSV-1 DNA was detected in tumors, but not in the other organs by a polymerase chain reaction analysis. From these experiments, we concluded that mtHSV should be a safe and promising oncolytic agent for cancer treatment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.8.1-8.18
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• 2017

Background: Metallothionein (MT) is a multifunctional protein playing important roles in homeostatic regulation and detoxification of metals. Mollusk species have been considered as useful sentinel platforms for MT-based biomarker approaches, and they have been reported to display an extraordinary structural diversity of MT proteins. However, potential diversity of molluskan MTs has not been fully explored and recent updates have suggested the need of revision of evolutionary hypothesis for molluskan MTs. Results: Based on bioinformatic analysis and phylogenetic evidences, novel divergence mechanisms and paths were hypothesized in both gastropod and bivalve MT groups. Our analyses are suggestive of the taxon- or lineage-specific domain multiplication/duplication from the ancestral or prototypic MT. Diversification and selection of molluskan MTs might be driven by the needs for acquiring metal selectiveness, specialized novel function, and improved capacity of metal detoxification under environmentally stressed conditions. Conclusion: The structural diversity and variations of molluskan MTs are significantly larger than previously understood. Undoubtedly, molluskan MTs have undergone dynamic divergent processes in their evolutionary histories, giving rise to the great diversity of domain structures in extant MT isoforms. Novel evolutionary paths for molluskan MTs newly proposed in this review could shed additional light onto the revision of the hypothesis for evolutionary differentiation of MTs in the molluskan lineage.