• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2019

Forefoot disorders are often seen in clinical practice. Forefoot deformity and pain can deteriorate gait function and decrease quality of life. This review presents common forefoot disorders and conservative treatment using an insole or orthosis. Metatarsalgia is a painful foot condition affecting the metatarsal (MT) region of the foot. A MT pad, MT bar, or forefoot cushion can be used to alleviate MT pain. Hallux valgus is a deformity characterized by medial deviation of the first MT and lateral deviation of the hallux. A toe spreader, valgus splint, and bunion shield are commonly applied to patients with hallux valgus. Hallux limitus and hallux rigidus refer to painful limitations of dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A kinetic wedge foot orthosis or rocker sole can help relieve symptoms from hallux limitus or rigidus. Hammer, claw, and mallet toes are sagittal plane deformities of the lesser toes. Toe sleeve or padding can be applied over high-pressure areas in the proximal or distal interphalangeal joints or under the MT heads. An MT off-loading insole can also be used to alleviate symptoms following lesser toe deformities. Morton's neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve that leads to a painful condition affecting the MT area. The MT bar, the plantar pad, or a more cushioned insole would be useful. In addition, patients with any of the above various forefoot disorders should avoid tight-fitting or high-heeled shoes. Applying an insole or orthosis and wearing proper shoes can be beneficial for managing forefoot disorders.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2017

커뮤니티 음악치료는 현대사회의 시대적 요구를 반영하여 음악치료의 대상과 영역을 커뮤니티로 확장한 음악치료의 최신 분야이다. 본 연구에서는 CoMT의 개념 이해를 돕기 위해 CoMT의 구성개념을 커뮤니티, 음악, 건강으로 구분하고, 실행커뮤니티 이론을 토대로 커뮤니티(사람들의 집합체, 상호작용 행위의 장), 음악(행위의 실체이자 대상, 협업적 음악만들기), 건강(행위의 동기이자 목적, 관계 및 사회적 웰빙)의 각 개념을 구체화하였다. 위의 세 요소 간의 연결성을 바탕으로 CoMT의 구성요소를 도식으로 제시하고, 커뮤힐 도식이라 명명하였다. 커뮤힐 개념에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 Ansdell과 Stige가 커뮤니티 음악치료 논문에서 제시한 두 사례에 해당 개념을 적용하여 분석하였다. CoMT는 타 학문 및 실행 분야와 협업을 하며 사회문화적 맥락에 적응적이고 지속가능한 커뮤니티 발달을 도모할 수 있으므로 적극적인 연구 및 실행이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 CoMT의 핵심개념을 도식화하여 제시함으로서 구성요소와 개념 이해를 명료화할 수 있었고, CoMT 관련 후속 연구 및 실행의 기틀을 마련한 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2012

대구 팔공산의 문화 역사 생태적 가치를 파악하기 위해 문헌, 인터뷰, 현장답사를 진행하였고, 이를 토대로 팔공산 활용방안을 모색하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 1) 팔공산의 자연지리적 범위는 협의의 범위(화강암산지로 구성된 팔공산괴), 광의의 범위( 팔공산괴에 접하는 접촉변성암지대까지 포함)로 구분된다. 문화적 범위는 대구(달성군 제외)와 경북의 경산시 영천시 군위군 칠곡군(동명면과 기성면)으로 생각해 볼 수 있다. 2) 남서사면이 북동사면에 비해 지질적 경계가 다소 분명하다. 팔공산에는 토르, 판상절리지형, 거터 등이 보편적으로 발달하며, 남서사면은 산지지형(암괴류, 다각형 균열바위 현상)이, 북동사면은 하천지형(하식애, 폭포, 포트홀, 소)이 상대적으로 우세하다. 3) 팔공산의 명품 관광단지 조성을 위해서는 팔공산에 산재하는 다양한 명품 이야기 거리를 발굴하는(스토리텔링) 것이 필요하다. 4) 팔공산의 체계적 관리를 위해 팔공산의 국립공원 지정이 요구되며, 나아가 팔공산 제천단의 복원과 갓바위의 세계문화유산 등재를 통한 팔공산 정체성 확보와 대구의 브랜드 가치제고를 위한 마스터플랜이 마련되어야 한다. 5) 팔공산의 개발방식은'느림'에 토대를 둔'슬로우 라이프 타운'형태가 바람직하며, '팔공산 박물관'조성을 통해 탐방객들에게 팔공산에 관한 모든 정보를 한 자리에서 통합적으로 제공해 줄 수 있는 즉, one stop service가 이루어질 수 있어야 한다.

• 기술사
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2007

The government announced to launch tours to the Mt.Baekdu that use a direct air route through the 2007 South-North Korean leader joint declaration. The Mt.Baekdu tourism is large symbolism to the Korean people. Government and Hyundai Asan speak that propel Mt.Baekdu tourism using existent Samjiyeon airport in early time. But, air traffic and airport operation must consider safety preferentially. Present condition investigation and facility improvement of the Samjlyeon airport should be enforced first. And need facility expansion by increased demand hereafter. Compose South-North Air traffic network system to this opportunity and basis research and phase investment may have to be propelled.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2020

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods: EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results: The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP-induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP-induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3-miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion: These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

This experiment was performed to examine the immuno-reactive characteristics of fish metal-binding protein, metallothionein (MT), and gain the practical understandings for the proposed use of fish MT as a biomarker. Liver MT induced by Cd in the silver carp was seperated and purified by gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The immuno-reactivity of fish MT was examined with 3 rabbit antisera. Fish MT showed little reactivity with rabbit anti-rat MT antiserum and a weak reactivity with anti-MT peptide antiserum while showed a strong reactivity with rabbit anti-fish MT antiserum. The time-course change of liver MT in the silver carp, after waterborne exposure to 1 ppm of Cd, was checked by Cd-hem method and established competitive ELISA. In both cases, the induction of liver MT showed a good increasing relationship with the exposure days. The results indicate that the fish MT can be developed as a useful biomonitoring means in the toxicological study and for the evaluation of water pollution.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of several herbal prescriptions such as Tianwangbuxindan qu zhusha, Tianwangbuxindan, Wendantang, Guipitang on the level of $MT_1$ and $MT_2$ melatonin receptors in C6 glial cells. Methods : For this study, we exposed of C6 cells to several herbal prescriptions resulted in non-cytotoxic in various dose as measured by MTT assay, trypan blue count, morphology change and DAPI stain. Results : Tianwangbuxindan qu zhush and Tianwangbuxindan induced the levels of $MT_1$ melatonin receptor expression in a dose-dependent manner without altering the level of $MT_2$ melatonin receptor expression. However, the treatment with Wendantang, Guipitang don't effect of $MT_1$ and $MT_2$ melatonin receptor expression. Conclusions : This results suggest that Tianwangbuxindan can be a promising the regulation of melatonin receptor synthesis, and further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanism.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2001

Metallothionein (MT) is induced in the regenerating rat liver. We have investigated expression of MT gene by RT PCR as well as specific localization of MT by immunocytochemistry in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). MT mRNA level started to increase from 1 h and reached the peak at 8 h after PH. The level decreased gradually by 24 h, and became similar to that of control group. In the immunocytochemical study, in all groups treated with primary antibody, immunogold particles indicating the presence of MT were evenly distributed throughout both cytoplasm and nucleus of the rat hepatocytes. Within the nucleus, the gold particles appeared to be intensely localized in the areas of euchromatin and nucleolus. Within the cytoplasm, gold particles did not seem to adhere to mitochondria or Iysosomes, but were freely distributed. However, rough endoplasmic reticulum was the obvious compartment on which the gold particles were localized. Time course of MT immunoreactivity revealed that distribution of gold particles in hepatocytes increased gradually by 24 h, and decreased at 48 h after PH. Briefly, PH resulted in the sharpest increase in the expression of MT mRNA at 8 h and in the immunoreactivity of MT at 24 h, respectively. It is suggested that the increase of MT mRNA expression, the intensity of immunoreactivity and the specific localization of MT may be associated with the compensatory cell proliferation followed by PH.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to figure out the structural characteristics of urban plant community and suggest restoration model of Quercus mongolica in the case of Korean national Capital Region. The investigation areas were selected from urban area of Mt. Nam at Chung-Gu, suburban areas of Mt. Bong at Eunpyoung-GU, Mt. Sungju at Buchon City and non-urban areas of Mt. Suri at Kunpu City and Mt. Chonma t namyangju-City. After the main study field had been classified into the evaluation of the ecological characteristics and the modeling of the vegetation. We analyzed to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the forest structure -- successional stage, naturalness, multi-layer structure of the forest and species diversity, and the plant community structures. We have proposed vegetation restoration model based on the selection of proper plants, the number of individuals, diameter short area of breast height, the shortest distance between plants in non-urban area. As for successional stage, It was judged that the ecological succession may not be followed like the present stage of the surveyed areas in urban, suburban and non-ruban areas. As for the retention of naturalness and multi-layer structures of vegetation, In Quercus mongolica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Ailanthus altissima occurred in each layers at Mt. Nam, Mt. Bong and Mt. Sungju, and Eupatorium rugosum occurred in herbaceous layer at Mt. Nam. Consequently, the ecological restoration plan following the structure of the vegetation in Mt. Chonma seemed to be advisable in Q. mongolica community, there were less number of species and individuals in urban areas than those of non-urban areas. Planting of trees following the simulated native plant community of non-urban areas seemed to be required to promote the plants in urban areas. Considering the number of individuals up to three layers in each 400$m^2$ area, it was composed of twenty nine in canopy layer, forth nine in understory layer, 367 in shrub layer and 33.7% herbaceous ground cover in the Q.mongolica community. The suggested restoration model in this study is nan applicable model for the introduction in the cities, and this study shows that continuous experiments and field investigation on this model should be performed in the future.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.132-135
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• 1990

Anopheles quadrimaculatus( Say) 자매종 간의 미토콘드리아 DNA의 제한효소 절단부위변이를 Aedes albopictus의 마토콘드리아 cDNA를 probe로 이용하여 조사하였다. DNA hybridization에 의해 두 속간에는 mtDNA 영기서열의 상당한 상동성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 개체 모기로부터 분리한 DNA를 제한효소를 사용하여 절단한 결과 자매종간에 다른 양상을 볼 수 있었으며 Hind III에 의한 mtDNA 절편만으로도 자매종들을 동정할 수 있었다.