• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.723-728
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• 2006

Since the forest succession is changing process in the structure and function of a forest for the long period of time, the objectivity of the process could be improved through the development of model or statistical methodology. This study was carried out to estimate succession index based on climax index and species composition parameters, thereupon to compare the succession index with life form and species diversity so as to grasp the information of quantitative successional process for the six community types in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Jumbong area. The results indicated that Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community had the greatest succession index of 67.5, followed by Abies holophylla-Fraxinus mandshurica community with 67.4. Juglans mandshurica-Cornus controversa community was recorded the smallest value of 60.5. The succession index of overstory tended to increase considerably at the stage of steady state for all community types except Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community. However, The index of midstory hardly varied as the forest succession would progress for all community types. The succession index was negatively correlated to wind-water dispersion type of life form and positively to animal dispersion type at the 5% probability level. On the other hand, the index was not significantly correlated to the species richness and Shannon's species diversity index.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.312-323
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• 1999

External morphology, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and vegetation were investigated to understand the taxonomic relationships and native environmental characters of Megaleranthis saniculifolia populations in four different habitats. Morphological characters such as calyx length and width, calyx index, presence or absence of serrate in calyx lobe, length of peduncle, branch of peduncle and fruit characters were useful for the identification of four different habitats. But, characters of plant height, bract and seed in four habitats were similar. The results obtained based on the principal component(PC) analysis of treated 96 OTU were divided into two groups by PC 1, 2, 3, and the sums of contributions for the total variance were 66.79%(PC1 31.3%, PC2 20.7%, PC3 15.8%, respectively), and only Mt. Taeki population was distinctly different from populations of other three habitats. In cluster analysis based on average linkage cluster analysis and Ward's method, there were similarities in the composition of clustered taxa, and each populations were not identified. Importance value by relative coverage and frequency appeared in M. saniculifolia(50.81%), Aruncus dioicus(12.64%), Corydalus turtschanovii(11.62%), Veratrum oxysepalum(11.45%), Anemone koraiensis(8.96%), Meehania urticifolia(8.76%), Filipendula palmata(7.06%), Aconitum pseudo-laeve(5.66%), Pseudostellaria palibiniana(5.45%) and Smilacina japonica(5.25%), respectively. These species were considered to be highly similar with M. saniculifolia. The highest importance value in all investigated sites was M. saniculifolia, but specific composition of high level different from each habitat. Average diversity of species was 1.40, and the highest in Mt. Kwangdeok(1.31), lowest in Mt. Jumbong(1.17). Average soil pH was 5.25 and similar in each habitat. Although the lowest content of K ion, but the highest the EC, water capacity, organic compound, Ca content were found in soil of Mt. Sobaek. Soils in Mt. Kwangdeok had the lowest content of EC, organic compound, Ca. Soils of Mt. Jumbong showed the highest of Mg content, but the lowest of water capacity, $P_2O_5$, and K contents.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2015

Life cycles of Sweltsa illiesi and S. lepnevae were determined from a headwater stream in Mt. Jumbong. Identification of nymphs was done by using DNA barcoding. Nymphs begin to have species specific color pattern on their head several months prior to adult emergence and differ in the form of the third antennal segment. Two species appear to have similar semivoltine life cycles in this stream, beginning to hatch from June and finishing adult emergence about 701 days later. The combined annual mean biomass in ash free dry mass (AFDM) was estimated as $96mg\;AFDM\;m^{-2}$. The combined annual secondary production were 373 mg and $297mg\;AFDM\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, calculated by using size frequency method and increment summation method respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.480-490
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• 2020

A novel lipase gene, Lip-1420, was isolated from a metagenomic library constructed from reed marsh from Mt. Jumbong in Korea, comprising 112,500 members of recombinant plasmids. The DNA sequence of Lip-1420-subclone (5,513 bp) was found to contain at least 11 ORFs according to the GenBank database. The ORF-3 gene was inserted into the pET21a plasmid containing the C-terminal 6-His tag and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) to express the recombinant lipase protein. Lip-1420 was purified using a fast protein liquid chromatography system. The gene was registered in GenBank (MH628529). The values of Km and Vmax were determined as 0.268 mM and 1.821 units, respectively, at 40℃ and pH 8.0, using p-nitrophenyl palmitate as the substrate. This lipase belongs to family IV taxonomically because it has conserved HGGG and GDSAG motifs in the constitutive amino acid sequence. According to the predicted structural model, the binding sites are represented by residues H78, G81, D150, S151, A152, V181, and D236. Finally, Lip-1420 showed triolein selectivity for methanolysis between triolein (18:1) and tristearin (18:0) substrates. Further study of the selective mechanism and structure-function relationship of this new lipase could be useful for more practical applications.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 $20m{\times}20m$ sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.536-543
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• 2007

This research was conducted every month from June 1994 until August 1996 with the aim to understand the ecosystem structure through the analysis of oribatid mite community structure in soil subsequent to environmental difference of its habitats located at northward & southward slopes adjacent to each other at an altitude of 1,000 meters of Mt.Jumbong, which is a natural reserved forest, remaining intact. There appeared a significant difference [t-test, p<0.06] in comparison of the number of the species and individuals of Oribatid mite species which were collected and identified at two survey areas. The mean density and the number of the species collected and identified at the northward slopes, and southward slopes were $99.2{\pm}17.6,\;234.2{\pm}62.6$ and $24.7{\pm}3.0,\;40.8{\pm}5.8$, respectively. Species diversity index(H') was higher at the southward slopes($3.09{\pm}0.11$) than at the northward slopes($2.71{\pm}0.13$). The population size of Oribatid mite species was found by the percentage of each species density as against the whole density and classified into dominant species, influent species, and recessive species according to the percentage; as a result, O. nova and Suctobelbella naginata was found to be a dominant species at both survey slopes while Trichogalumna nipponica was found to be a dominant species, at southward but it wasn't collected at the northward slopes at all. The feeding habit of the dominant species at two survey slopes was found to be microphytophagous- eating soil microbe. There appeared a conspicuous difference in compositions of the number of the species, individuals and dominant species at the southward/northward slopes adjoining each other at an attitude of 1,000 meters and less similarity between the two survey slopes. Conclusively, It was found that the heterogeneity of microhabitat has a great effect on Oribatid mite's community characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2000

The degree to which microenvironmental factors are linked to spatial patterns of vegetational factors within ecosystems has important consequences for our understanding of how ecosytems are structured and for conservation of rare species in ecosystems. We studied this relationships between the spatial patterns of microenvironmental factors and vegetational factors in temperate hardwood forest in Mt. Jumbong Biological Reserve Area, Korea. To do this, environmental and vegetational factors from 196 micropoints in a 0.49 ha plot were investigated. Most of all environmental factors and vegetational factors showed the variations among micropoints. Microtopographic factors, litter depth, soil moisture content and relative light intensity at this site were spatially dependent at a scale of 14∼62 m. Coverage of tree and shrub layer and species diversity of herb layer in autumn were spatially dependent at a scale of < 15 m. Species richness and species diversity of herb layer in spring and species richness of herb layer in autumn were spatially dependent at a scale of 28∼48 m. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial patterns of species richness and species diversity of herb layer in spring and autumn were affected by litter depth, slope, subtree layer, shrub, Sasa borealis etc. The best predictor for the spatial patterns of species richness and species diversity of herb layer at this site was the spatial pattern of litter depth. Species richness and species diversity of herb layer showed strongly negative correlation with litter depth. We estimate that the spatial pattern of litter depth at this site were affected by direction of wind, microtopography and spatial pattern of shrub layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 1995

Vegetational data from 81 quadrats of Quercus mongolica communities in Mt. Odae and Mt. Jumbong were analysed by applying two multivariate methods : two - way indicator species analysis(TWNSPAN) for classification and detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) for ordination. The dominant tree species of Quercus mongolica communities were found in the order of Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldianum. Tilia amurensis, Carpinus cordata, Acer mono, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The forest vegetation of Quercus mongolica community was classified into Quercus mongolica, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata, and Quercus mongolica - Abies nephrolepis groups according to the TWNSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups for forest vegetation and soil condition in Quercus mongolica communities were investigated by analysing elevation and soil nutrition gradients. Quercus mongolica group was distributed in the low elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata group was distributed in the low elevation and good nutrition area of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, while Quercus mongolica Abies nephrolepis group was distributed in the high elevation and poor nutrition area of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$. The two dominant factors influencing community distribution were elevation and total nitrogen.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

Leaf Litter processing rate of Quercus mongolica was compared with that of Carpinus cordata in a first-order stream draining Mt. Jumbong in Inje-Gun, Kangwon Province. Daily processing rate (-k . day$^{-1}$ ) of Q. mongolica leaf litter in mesh bags was 0.00503, about one-third of that of C. cordata leaf litter. Forty five macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from litter bags; 39 taxi from C. cordate and 38 taxa from Q. mongolica litter bags. Nemoura tau, a precopteran shredder, was the most abundant taxon in both leaf species, and the second was the non-predatory chironomids. In terms of biomass, Gammarus, an amphipodan shredder, was the largest. and followed by Cincticostella castanea, an ephemeropteran gatherers. The biomass of most insect taxa decreased during April to June, while that of non-insect taxa greatly increased during the same time period. Gammarus was the most important shredder talon to the leaf litter breakdown in the experimental stream and appeared to prefer C. cordata to Q. nongolica leaf litter. N. tau, in spite of its abundance, seemed to have a limited effect on the leaf litter processing . Since other shredders were minor compared with these two taxa, leaf litter processing in this stream appeared to largely depend on the feeding ecology of Gammarus.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.902-910
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to determine the effects of disturbances from wild boar grubbing on the functions of ecosystem. The experiments was performed in Mt. Jumbong of Long-term Ecological Research Sites of the Ministry of Environment. We measured soil physical properties, soil respiration($CO_2$), microbial biomass C, and soil enzyme activities from both disturbed and control plots. The disturbance sites were divided into two parts, mounds and pits. Soil organic matter contents were highest value at the control plots and lowest at the pit plots, respectively at 20.22% and 15.52%. The soil bulk densities were highest at the pit plots. Soil microbial biomass C and $CO_2$ evolution were significantly higher at the control plots compared to the disturbed plots. The results were positively correlated with soil organic matter contents. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil showed similar pattern as the microbial biomass C and $CO_2$ evolution results. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C. Soil organic matter contents seemed to affect the soil enzyme activities. The nitrate reductase activities were highest at the pit plots, which showed positive correlation with soil bulk density. The study results showed that the grubbing disturbances by wild boars induced the changes in soil properties, which affected soil microbial activities.