• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.123-140
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• 2019

This study analyzed problems of interpretive signs along Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail on Mt. Hallasan National Park, focusing on factors of distracting visitor's attention from reading and understanding the signs. Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail has a total of 86 signs, and according to their purpose and content, they are classified into thirteen general signs, sixteen location signs, nine safety signs and forty-eight interpretive signs. Interpretive signs provide visitors with information and explanations about the nature and human resources of Mt. Hallasan as well as enhancing the opportunity for self-guided interpretation. The contents of interpretive signs of Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail are composed of landscapes, flora and fauna, topography, geology, history and culture, of which 70.8% of the total are related to plants and animals. Interpretive signs on the Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail do not attract visitors' attention because of the low readability, inappropriate locations and frequent errors in translation from Korean into other languages. The causes of low readability of interpretive signs include thirty-six physically damaged and faded signs, twenty-two improper font sizes and misuse of color schemes and five unclear description signs. The reasons for the incorrect locations include twenty-two long distances from the trails, twenty-one inadequate heights and fifteen inconsistencies in descriptions and locations. Problems with English use include eight grammar and spelling errors, twenty-one incorrect translations, and twenty-six English names missing.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2014

Mt. Hallasan in Jejudo has been well known as a habitat for both northern and southern limited butterflies and attracts the interests of many lepidopterists. In this study, the line transect method was used to monitor the community and similarity of butterflies monthly monitoring from May to September 2013, and the results were compared with the previous data. Through monitoring, 3,397 individuals in 26 species of 5 families were found in the present study. The monitored individuals belonging to 4 species (Aphantopus hyperantus, Eumenis autono, Lethe diana and Melanargia epimede) was 2,578 (75.9%), showing the prevalent species among the butterflies observed in the grassy area of the Mt. Hallasan. The butterflies inhabiting Mt. Hallasan showed higher similarity in the area where the open grassy space and the crowns of tree layer coexist than in landscape consisting of solely the tree layer or open grassy space. The habitation of butterflies by heights showed the altitudes between 1,665 to 1,700 m, located beneath the Baekrokdam (the crater) of Mt. Hallasan, possessed the most species and individuals. And it was also observed that the species that previously inhabited the subalpine zone moved to the area of higher altitudes together with the species that previously inhabited rather lower altitudes than the subalpine zone.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.366-373
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• 2007

This study researched the number of individuals of Roe deer (Capreolus pygarus tianschanicus Satunin), which inhabit Mt. Halla (Hallasan) National Park and its neighboring areas ranging about $270km^2$ areas. The research was done from November(late fall), 1998 to March(early spring), 2001, and additional research was carried out from November 2006 to January 2007. As a result of this, we identified a total of 1,444 deer, and found out the fact that there lived 5.33 deer per $km^2$. By region, we identified a maximum of 270 deer at Donnaeko hiking path and a minimum of 12 deer at the adjacent areas to the second Sanrok-road. The frequency of Roe deer group sighting was higher at the edge of Hallasan National Park than any other surveyed region. Thus, it is estimated that the distribution of Roe deer of Hallasan is more influenced by the quantity and quality of food than human-made interference during wintry season.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.163-173
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• 2018

This study was carried out to propose the baseline data for in situ conservation by analyzing environmental and growth characteristics in Pedicularis hallaisanenesis habitats. P. hallaisanensis habitats, according to investigations, were located on the slope of southwest at an elevation of 1,400 m in Mt. Gayasan and on the slope of southeast at an elevation of 1,500 m in Mt. Hallasan. Pedicularishallaisanensis habitats. Also, habitats were found at the grassland with no upper vegetation. In the study sites, soil pH and soil organic matter were 4.9-6.5 and 4.4-8.1%, respectively. A total of 55 vascular plants taxa were identified in ten quadrats in two habitats, of which 25 were inhabited in Mt. Gayasan and 37 in Mt. Hallasan. Current status of P. hallaisanensis habitats were very vulnerable with the pressure of the vegetation constantly threatening the species' survival. Thus, concrete conservation plans including diverse factors as light intensity, temperature and genetic analysis to protect natural habitats should be set up as soon as possible.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2012

This study analyzed on the characteristics of community structure, species composition, population conditions and annual mean radial growth of Taxus cuspidata in the subalpine zone of the Seoraksan, Deokyusan, and Hallasan National Parks. Deokyusan and Hallasan sites had three layers of stratification structure without tree layer in it and four layer in Seoraksan site. The major dominant species in the order of importance value were as follows: T. cuspidata, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Quercus mongolica, Abies koreana and Sorbus commixta. The trees (> 5 cm DBH) of T. cuspidata were extremely high with 986.0 individuals/ha at the Hallasan site. Average DBH class were 42.0 cm at the Hallasan site and mainly showed large class. The populations of seedlings and saplings with 357.3 individuals/ha, and juvenile with 128.6 individuals/ha, as a succession tree, were found to be the highest at the Hallasan site. In the size frequency distribution, the populations of T. cuspidata in Mt. Halla site showed a reverse J-shaped curve and it was estimated that T. cuspidata community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable state like present state. Annual mean radial growth of T. cuspidata populations at Seoraksan, Deokyusan, and Hallasan sites showed up as 1.27 mm/year, 0.93 mm/year and 0.89 mm/year respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.152-164
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• 2017

Background: Natural regeneration of seedlings as well as saplings of Korean fir has been significantly impacted by the browsing from the early stages of their development, potentially, by roe deer for the last two to three decades at the study site since late 1980s. This study was carried out to investigate current status of the disturbance in the seedling development of Korean fir (Abies koreana) on Mt. Hallasan, Jeju Island, Korea. Methods: Field survey was carried out during June and August in 2016 to measure the characteristics of study site and understory vegetation by applying systematic sampling to 125 plots of $5m{\times}5m$ quadrat located on eastern slope of the mountain. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to the variables quantified from the data sets using the SAS software. Results: No saplings with their diameters at breast heights smaller than 5.0 cm were found at the study site indicating the serious disturbance in the natural regeneration of Korean fir at the study site. No seedlings with their heights taller than 36.0 cm were found at the study site indicating even more serious disturbance during earlier stage of the natural regeneration of Korean fir at the study site. A total of 616 individuals of the seedlings of Korean fir were found at 54 out of 125 sampling plots. One hundred thirty-eight seedlings (22.4%) out of 616 individual seedlings have the vestiges for being grazed, potentially, by roe deer. Conclusions: Due considerations should be given to the effects of browsing of the seedlings by roe deer to promote the natural regeneration of Korean fir, ultimately to restore Korean fir. It is needed for the managers of the forest to install fences around the forest area. Exclosure experiments as well as enclosure experiments of different densities of browsing should be carried out. In addition, treatment with different densities of Jeju dwarf bamboo should also be included in the experiment on Mt. Hallasan National Park, Jeju Island, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2007

This study investigated species formation and their vegetation on the roadsides of 1100 Road and 5 16 Road in Hallasan National Park from August 2004 to December 2006 to provide basic data for distributional attribute of the naturalized plants. The vascular plants investigated on the roadsides of Hallasan National Park were found to be 62 families, 145 genera, 197 taxa in total, in which naturalized plants were recorded as 11 families, 29 genera, and 37 taxa. The floristic formation at 1100 Roadside was composed of Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, which was again divided into Trifolium pratense-Plantago lanceolata sub-association and Sasa quelpaertensis-Gleichenia japonica sub-association. The florisitic composition of the 5 16 Roadside was sorted as Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, Oplismenus undulatifolius-Potentilla fragarisiiforlia, elatior association, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and etatior-Persicaria thunbergii association. Among the naturalized plants distributed at this area, the annual plant accounts for 51.4%[19 taxa] and the plant of European origin accounts for 70.3%[26 taxa]. As for the background of the introduction of these plants, the case of introduction for forage or a mixture with grain and for pasture was 35.1% and 21.6% respectively, showing higher introduction circumstances than others. As shown in the study, most of the roadsides were occupied by the naturalized plants- Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association and various naturalized plants; thus we can assume that it's because Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association were mostly used for re-vegetation of the destroyed areas due to road construction or expansion or road maintenance and improvement project.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.417-420
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• 2020

In this study, to grasp the current status of cone insects occurrence on Korean fir (Abies koreana) in Mt. Halla, 117 cones damaged by cone insects in three areas in Mt. Halla were collected and placed in growth chamber until adults emerged from the cones from August to October on 2019. And species and numbers of adults emerged from the cones were identified. Also proportion of cones damaged by cone insects was examined at four study plots in Mt. Halla. As a result, total 233, 101, and 4 adults of Dioryctria abietella (Denis & Schiffermüller), Cydia kamijoi Oku, and Scathophaga stercoraria (L.) were identified from 117 collected cones, respectively. The average number of emerged adults per cone was 1.99 for D. abietella and 0.86 for C. kamijoi. And the average damage rate of cone insects in four study plots of Mt. Halla ranged from 49.7-80.1 percent, with differences between regions. Also, our results show that positive correlation between the damage rate per tree and the number of cones per tree, and between number of emerged cone insects and the size of cones were found. It suggests that the cone insects prefer host trees with lots of cones per tree and with larger size of cones.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

Material of a Bryocamptus species, formerly reported as B. umiatensis Wilson, 1958 from Sakhalin and South Korea, is here recognized as a distinct new species. Specimens of both sexes were recently obtained from an alpine wetland, Sumeunmulbaengdui, located in the Hallasan National Park, Korea, and newly registered as a Ramsar Wetland in 2015. The new species, B. jejuensis n. sp., differs from the type population of B. umiatensis from Alaska by the smooth margin of the anal operculum in both sexes, the peculiarly modified terminal seta on the distal endopodal segment of the male leg 3, the sword-like spinous seta on the distal endopodal segment of the male leg 4, and the presence of a setule row on the inner distal margin of the caudal rami in the female. Both sexes of the new species are described in detail with particular reference to the male characters. A revised key to the seven species of the genus Bryocamptus Chappuis, 1929 occurring in Korean waters is provided.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2000

Changing patterns and the possibility of climate change in the area of Cheiudo island, the southernmost Island in Korea, were analyzed using daily temperature and Precipitation data observed at the Cheiu Regional Meteorological Office from May 1923 to December 1998. A hydrologic simulation model "BROOK" was used to simulate and analyze the dynamics of daily soil moisture content and soil moisture deficit by applying the daily weather data. During the period, significantly increasing pattern was observed in temperature data of both annual and monthly basis, while no significantly changing pattern was observed in precipitation data. During the last 76 years. mean annual temperature was observed to have risen about 1.4$^{\circ}C$, which may show the Possibility of the initiation of climate change on the island whose validity should be tested in future studies after long-term studies on temperature. Based on the simulation, due to increased temperature, significant increase was predicted in evapotranspiration. while no significant decrease was detected in simulated soil moisture content during the period. Changing pattern of annual soil moisture content was markedly different from those of precipitation. In some dominant trees, negative effects of the drought of the late season for the previous year were shown to be statistically significant to radial growth of the tree for the current year. As annual variation of radial growth of trees is mainly affected by the soil moisture content. the information on the dynamics of soil moisture deficit possibly provides us with useful information for the interpretation of tree growth decline on the mountain. mountain.