• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2014

Landsat images can monitor the snow-covered Earth surface variations with the ground resolution of 30m and the multi-spectral bands in the visible, NIR, SWIR and TIR spectral regions for the last 30 years. The Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of Chile consists of many volcanoes, and all of the volcanoes are covered with snow at the top of mountain. Snow cover area in southern province of the SVZ of Chile (37 to $46^{\circ}S$) have been influenced by significant frontal retreats as well as eruptive activities. In this study, we have investigated the changes of the snow-cover area and snow-line elevation at Mt. Villarrica and Mt. Llaima, Chile from three Landsat images acquired on Feb. 1990, 2005 and 2011. The snow-cover areas are 13.42, 26.75 and $21.60km^2$ at Mt. Villarrica in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively, and 3.82, 25.12 and $8.89km^2$ at Mt. Llaima in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively. The snow-line elevations are 1871, 1738 and 1826m at Mt. Villarrica in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively, and 2007, 1822 and 1818m at Mt. Llaima in 1990, 2005 and 2011, respectively. The results indicate that both of the snow-cover and snow-line changes are strongly related with the volcanic activity change. The results demonstrate that the snow-cover area and snow-line elevation changes can be used as an indicator of the volcanic activity at Mt. Villarrica and Mt. Llaima, Chile.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2393-2399
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• 2013

Objective: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is considered a hotspot of mutations in various tumors. However, the relationship between microsatellite instability (MSI) and mtDNA copy number alterations in lung cancer has yet to be fully clarifieds. In the current study, we investigated the copy number and MSI of mitochondrial genome in lung carcinomas, as well as their significance for cancer development. Methods: The copy number and MSI of mtDNA in 37 matched lung carcinoma/adjacent histological normal lung tissue samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays for sequence variation, followed by sequence analysis and fluorogenic 5'-nuclease real-time PCR. Student's t test and linear regression analyses were employed to analyze the association between mtDNA copy number alterations and mitochondrial MSI (mtMSI). Results: The mean copy number of mtDNA in lung carcinoma tissue samples was significantly lower than that of the adjacent histologically normal lung tissue samples (p<0.001). mtMSI was detected in 32.4% (12/37) of lung carcinoma samples. The average copy number of mtDNA in lung carcinoma samples containing mtMSI was significantly lower than that in the other lung carcinoma samples (P<0.05). Conclusions: Results suggest that mtMSI may be an early and important event in the progression of lung carcinogenesis, particularly in association with variation in mtDNA copy number.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2017

최근 네트워크 환경의 발달로 인해 사물인터넷 시장이 확대되고 있어 사물 간의 원활한 정보 교환을 위한 데이터 포맷 및 API의 표준화가 필요하다. 이에 국제 표준화 기구인 MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group)에서는 MPEG-IoMT(ISO/IEC 23093) 프로젝트를 신설해 사물인터넷 관련 표준화를 진행 중이다. MPEG-IoMT는 핵심실험(Core Experiment:CE)을 수립해 데이터 교환 절차, 마크업 언어, 통신 방식 등 전반적인 데이터 교환에 대한 논의를 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-IoMT의 핵심실험 중 핵심실험 1 MPEG-V 센서에 기반한 센서 API 설계, 핵심실험 2 MPEG-V 감각효과에 기반한 구동기 API 설계, 핵심실험 4 IoMT 데이터 표현을 위한 MPEG-21 디지털 아이템, 핵심실험 5 JSON과 RESTful API의 분석에 관해 살펴본다. 센서의 성능 정보와 센서데이터, 구동기의 성능 정보, 제어 명령의 교환 절차를 설명하고 미디어의 부가 데이터의 교환에 대해 논의한다. 또한 마크업 언어와 통신방식을 실험을 통해 비교한다.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 추계학술대회지
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• pp.125-132
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• 2005

해양은 인류가 앞으로 풀어야 할 숙명적인 문제인 식량문제, 자원문제, 환경문제를 해결할 수 있는 마지막 보루이다 이러한 점을 감안하여 국내 산$\cdot$학$\cdot$연 전문가가 참여하여 추진한 「해양과학기술(MT) 개발 계획」이 2004년 7월 28일 대통령을 위원장으로 하는 국가과학기술위원회 심의에 통과됨으로써 우리나라에서도 본격적으로 MT개발을 추진할 기반을 마련하게 되었다. 또한, 2005년 6월부터 「MT개발계획」을 효율적으로 추진하기 위한 후속조치로 해양과학기술 로드맵(MTRM)을 추진중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 MT의 국내외 기술개발동향과 현재 직면한 현안문제 및 MTRM 추진현황을 점검하고, MT R&D 전문기관 설치$\cdot$운영 및 예산확보 등 MT 활성화 방안을 제시하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.50-68
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• 1999

The present study was performed to examine on the fauna and standing crops of benthic macroinvertebrates in Pongwha and Youngwol region of upper parts of south han river and Naktons river. The Actual site suvry was caried out on the two times during the April·June to October·November, 1988. Main five areas are Mt. Awrawe(1,067m), Mt. Sontal (1,236m), Mt. Munsu(1,206m), Peak Okyopong(357m) and Mt. Pungnak(760m) area. Total taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates of the study area were 118 species, 45families12 orders, 5 classes in 4 phyla. Occurrence species according to the major taxa of aquatic insects were 35 species (29.66%) in ephemeroptera, 25 species(21.19%) in trichoptera, 25 species(21.19%) hemiptera, 1 species(0.85%) in megaloptera. Non-aqautic insect were 5 species in mollusca, 3 ratio was 8.5 percent. Occurrence species(plecoptera) at clean waters were appeared 12 species at Mt. Awrawe and Sontal area. Occurrence species at each survey area was 67 species at Mt. Awrawe area, 60 species at Mt. Sontal area, 43 species at Mt. Munsu area, 37 species at Mt. P'ungnak area and 34 species at Peak Okyo area, respectively. Species diversity indices were 2.96~3.80 at Mt. Awrawe area, 2.79~3.62 at Mt. sontal area, but 2.64~3.12, 1.59~2.46 and 1.98~2.59 at, Mt. Munsu, P'ungnak and Peak Okyo area, respectively. In this region, occurrence species and individual density were smaller than that of Dong river with good habitat, but those were more abundant than that of Poseong river with similar environment conditions. Therefore, occurrence species and individual density of the present survey region were appeared as somewhat abundant.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2008

The self-supply rate of Korea in 2006 was approximately 27.3 % by importing 13.99Mt for 19.79Mt of demanded amount. Among the imported crops, wheat, corn, and soybean consumed 95 % for the total imported amount, and wheat, corn, and soybean were 3.5Mt(Table use : 0.22Mt; Feed stuff : 0.13Mt), 8.7Mt(Table use : 0.19Mt; Feed stuff : 0.68Mt), and 1.2Mt (Table use : 0.03Mt; Feed stuff : 0.09Mt), respectively. On the other hand, our government has prepared the strategies for a great fear of food according to sharp price rise of the international crops by maintaining the self-supply rate of 5 % excluding 5.23Mt of rice in Korea. Also concern for recycled energy known as future energy for era of high oil price and global warming due to green house gas is rapidly growing. Therefore, our country which has relied on import of the whole oil needed in Korea and has to keep Kyoto Agent to request reduction of green house gas fully support research and practical use for agricultural products as resource of alternate energy. At first, we have to develop the mass production technology in order to secure a program of self-supply of food for bioenergy production utilizing agricultural product in Korea. But we assume that this matter is difficult to achieve under the current agriculture system that more emphasizes the environment conservation such as environmentally-friendly agriculture than production of food.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.260-281
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• 2009

이 연구는 조선시대에 저술된 유산기를 기초자료로, 당시 사람들이 지리산을 무슨 목적을 가지고 어떻게 여행하였는지 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 선행연구를 통해 고찰한 조선시대 사람들의 금강산 청량산 여행과 비교하여, 지리산을 찾은 여행자의 성격, 여행 동기, 여정, 그리고 여행 방식을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 지리산 여행자들은 거주지, 성격, 취미 등에서 공통적인 특징을 지니고 있었으며, 이것이 반영되어 지리산 여행에는 금강산 청량산 여행과 구분되는 여행 동기와 여정이 나타났다. 여행 방식은 여행 시기, 준비물, 동반자, 교통수단, 식사 및 숙박, 여행 중 활동 등의 측면에서 살펴보았는데, 금강산 청량산 여행과 큰 차이가 없었다. 조선시대 사대부들의 여행 방식 가운데 관행화된 것이 많았다는 증거이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.503-507
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• 1998

Percutaneous absorption and model membrane variations of melationin (MT) in aqueous-based propylene glycol and $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin $vehicles were investigatted. the excised hairless mouse skin (HMS) and two synthetic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and microporous polyethylene (MPE) were selected as a model membrane. the solubility of MT was determined by phase equilibrium study. the vertical $Franz{\circledR}$ type cell was used for diffusion study. The concentration of MT was determined using reverse phse HPLC system. The MT solubility was the highest in a mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. The percutaneous absorption of MT through excised HMS increased as the solubility increased. However, the permeability coefficient decreased and then slightly increased in mixture of PG and $2-HP{\beta}CD$. On the other hand, both flux and permeability coefficient through EVA membrane decreased as the solubility increased. No MT was detected over 12 h after starting diffusion through MPE membrane. The flux of MT was dependent on the type of membrane selected. Flux of MT was greatest in excised HMS followed by EBA and MPE membrane. Flux of MT through EVA membrane was 5-20 times lower when compared to excised HMS. Interestingly, volumes of donor phase when MPE membrane was used, significantly increased during the study period. the HMS might be applicable to expect plasma concentration of MT in human subjects based on flux and pharmacokinetic parameters as studied previously. the current studies may be applied to deliver MT transdermally using aqueous-based vehicles and to fabricate MT dosage forms.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2020

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods: EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results: The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP-induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP-induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3-miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion: These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2006

본 연구는 우리나라의 남부 지방인 전남 광양의 백운산 지역(해발 800 m)에서 자라는 60~70년생 신갈나무림과 제주 한라산 지역(해발 1,000 m)에서 자라는 60년생 신갈나무림의 바이오매스와 에너지 고정량을 추정하기 위해 각 지역별로 5~9 본씩 총 25 본의 표본목을 조사하였다. 광양 백운산 지역 북사면 신갈나무림의 바이오매스 현존량은 288.4 ton/ha, 남사면은 241.9 ton/ha이었으며, 제주 한라산 지역 북사면은 368.4 ton/ha, 남사면은 364.3 ton/ha로 나타났다. 또한 연간 순생산량은 백운산 지역 북사면 20.7 ton/ha/yr, 남사면 17.7 ton/ha/yr이었다. 한라산 지역 북사면은 19.0 ton/ha/yr, 남사면 21.2 ton/ha/yr로서 바이오매스 현존량과 연간 순생산량 모두 한라산 지역이 백운산 지역보다 더 높게 나타났다. 그러나 잎의 생산 효율인 순동화율(NAR)은 백운산 지역(4.1~5.1)이 한라산 지역(3.7~4.6)보다 더 높게 나타났다. 한편, 광양 백운산 지역에서 북사면 신갈나무림의 에너지 현존량은 5,666 GJ/ha, 남사면은 4,793 GJ/ha이었으며, 제주 한라산 지역에서 북사면은 6,550 GJ/ha, 남사면은 6,435 GJ/ha로 나타났다. 연간 에너지 고정량은 백운산 지역 북사면 365 GJ/ha/yr, 남사면 360 GJ/ha/yr, 한라산 지역 북사면 351 GJ/ha/yr, 남사면 347 GJ/ha/yr로서 백운산 지역이 한라산 지역보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.