• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2008

After recovery from acute carbon monoxide poisoning, some patients suffer from neuropsychiatric problems such as cognitive impairement, movement disorder, change of personality and mental disorder after lucid interval in which the patient has no symptom. This sequela of carbon monoxide poisoning is called delayed post-anoxic encephalopathy(DPE). No neuroprotective drug has yet demonstrated ecfficacy and hyperbaric oxygen treatment's effect have little scientific evidence in preventing and improving DPE. In such situation, korean traditional treatment may be helpful in treating the patient suffering from DPE. In this case report, we will describe the patient that has suffered from severe DPE involving cognitive impairment, gait disturbance and incontinence but has been improved successfully by korean traditional medicine treatment, especially Jowiseungchungtang. This case could present how we will study about DPE.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2015

Sleep problems occur frequently among patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The most common problem is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) that are closely related to of sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and congenital hypoventilation syndrome. Obesity, craniofacial dysmorphism and muscular hypotonia of patients with PWS may increase the risk of SRBD. Sleep apneas can interrupt the continuity of sleep, and these disruptions result in a decrease in both the quality and quantity of sleep. In addition to SRBD, other sleep disorders have been reported, such as hypersomnia, a primary abnormality of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and narcolepsy traits at sleep onset REM sleep. Patients with PWS have intrinsic abnormalities of sleep-wake cycles due to hypothalamic dysfunction. The treatment of EDS and other sleep disorders in PWS are similar to standard treatments. Correction of sleep hygiene such as sufficient amount of sleep, maintenance of regular sleep-wake rhythm, and planned naps are important. After comprehensive evaluation of sleep disturbances, CPAP or surgery should be recommended for treatment of SRBD. Remaining EDS or narcolepsy-like syndrome are controlled by stimulant medication. Bright light therapy might be beneficial for disturbed circadian sleep-wake rhythm caused by hypothalamic dysfunction.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the asymmetric ratio of occlusal force of the temporomandibular joint and the thickness of the middle scalene muscle. Methods: The study measured the occlusal force of the right and left temporomandibular joints in 30 subjects (12 males and 18 females). Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to examine the effect of occlusal force on the asymmetric ratio of the thickness of their middle scalene muscles by measuring the force using ultrasound after the break. Results: The correlation between the asymmetric ratio of occlusal force and muscle thickness is 0.41, according to Pearson's correlation coefficient. Therefore, the result shows a moderate correlation with the asymmetric ratio of the temporomandibular joint depending on differences in the thickness of the middle scalene muscle. Conclusion: Based on the above results, the asymmetric ratio of occlusal force was found to correlate with the thickness of the middle scalene muscle. Thus, therapeutic intervention is required for the middle scalene muscle in the case of temporomandibular joint disorder.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the second most common disorder after Alzheimer's disease. PD includes both "motor" and "non-motor" symptoms, one of which is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pain in patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 patients diagnosed with PD, 70% of which had mild to moderate PD (stages 2/3 of Hoehn and Yahr scale). The average age was 67.4 years, and the average duration since PD diagnosis was 7.1 years. Relevant data collected from PD patients were obtained from their personal medical history. Results: The prevalence of pain was found to be high (82%), with most patients (79.2%) relating their pain to PD. Disease duration was correlated with the frequency of intense pain (R: 0.393; P < 0.05). PD pain is most frequently perceived as an electrical current (64%), and two pain varieties were most prevalent (2.60 ± 0.63). Our findings confirm links between pain, its evolution over time, its multi-modal character, the wide variety of symptoms of PD, and the female sex. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the pain felt by PD patients is mainly felt as an electrical current, which contrasts with other studies where the pain is described as burning and itching. Our classification is innovative because it is based on anatomy, whereas those of other authors were based on syndromes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2021

Spasmodic dysphonia, essential tremor, and vocal tremor related with Parkinson's disease are different disorders showing fairly similar symptoms such as difficulty in the speech onset, and tremble in the voice. However, the cause and the resulting treatment of these diseases are different. Spasmodic dysphonia is a vocal disorder characterized by spasms of the laryngeal muscles during a speech, invoking broken, tense, forced, and strangled voice patterns. Such difficult-to-treat dysphonia disease is classified as central-origin-focal dystonia, of a yet unknown etiology. Its symptoms arise because of intermittent and involuntary muscle contractions during speech. Essential tremor, on the other hand, is characterized by a rhythmic laryngeal movement, resulting in alterations of rhythmic pitch and loudness during speech or even at rest. Severe cases of tremor may cause speech breaks like those of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. In the case of hyper-functional tension of vocal folds and accompanying tremors, it is necessary to distinguish these disorders from muscular dysfunction. A diversified assessment through the performance of specific speech tasks and a thorough understanding for the identification of the disorder is necessary for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of patients with vocal tremors.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep quality in older adults in nursing home with objective data collection. Methods: Participants included 74 older adults in nursing homes in Korea aged 65 years or above. Data were collected using a wearable device (Fitbit), salivary melatonin level and Sleep Disorder Inventory (SDI). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to examine whether there was any correlation between sleep-related variables such as Total Sleep Time (TST), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, shallow sleep, deep sleep, salivary melatonin level and SDI. Results: There were distortion of sleep structure, as TST comprised short REM sleep (15.93±5.47%), long shallow sleep (74.18±8.08%) and short deep sleep (9.89±5.03%). Also, salivary melatonin levels were low (15.06±7.77 pg/mL). Moreover, we found than melatonin was significantly associated with TST (r = .251, p= .044), REM sleep (r= .294, p= .020) and deep sleep (r= .391, p= .002). But there was no correlation between SDI and other sleeprelated variables. Conclusion: These findings highlight that insufficient sleep structure is associated with the salivary melatonin level among older adults in nursing home. We suggest developing programs to promote sleep quality of older adults in nursing homes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.451-460
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• 2022

Moebius syndrome (MBS) is a congenital neurologic disorder that causes cranio-facial abnormalities. It involves paralysis of the VI and VII cranial nerves and causes bilateral or unilateral facial paralysis, eye movement disorder, and deformation of the upper and lower limbs. The orofacial dysfunctions include microstomia, micrognathia, hypotonic mimetic and lip muscles, dental enamel hypoplasia, tongue deformity, open bite or deep overbite, maxillary hypoplasia, high arched palate, mandibular hyperplasia or features indicating mandibular hypoplasia. This case report presents a 7-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with MBS at the age 2 years. The patient displayed typical clinical symptoms and was diagnosed with Class II malocclusion with a large overjet/overbite, tongue deformity and motion limitation, and lip closure incompetency. Treatment was initiated using a removable appliance for left scissor bite correction. After permanent tooth eruption, fixed appliance treatment was performed for correction of the arch width discrepancy and deep overbite. A self-ligation system and wide-width arch form wire were used during the treatment to expand the arch width. After 30 months of phase II treatment, the alignment of the dental arch and stable molar occlusion was achieved. Function and occlusion remained stable with a Class I canine and molar relationship, and a normal overjet/overbite was maintained after 9.4 years of retainer use. In MBS patients, it is important to achieve an accurate early diagnosis, and implement a multidisciplinary treatment approach and long-term retention and follow-up.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1; OMIM #231670) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Infantile-onset GA1 is the most common form characterized by striatal injury and progressive movement disorder, and it is often triggered by an acute encephalopathic crisis within the first three years of life. Once this crisis occurs, there is a high likelihood for ineffective or limited conventional interventions, neurological disorders, or even death. Therefore, early diagnosis and immediate preventive management, such as dietary therapy, is essential. In the past decades, newborn screening (NBS) by tandem mass spectrometry for GA1 has been largely introduced in many countries including Korea, and it has led to improvements in the neurological outcomes of patients with GA1. In this review, the clinical symptoms, natural histories, and outcomes before and after the introduction of NBS in patients are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.321-325
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• 2022

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition defined as pain and dysfunction of temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles. Abnormal interconnections between temporomandibular muscles and cervical spine structures can cause the changes of postural alignment and balance ability. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in static balance ability in subjects with painrelated TMD. Methods: This study conducted on 25 subjects with TMD and 25 control subjects with no TMD. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured using a pressure algometer. Static balance ability was assessed during one leg standing using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor. During balance task, the IMU sensors measured motion and transfer movement data for center of mass (COM) motion, ankle sway and hip sway. Results: PPTs of masseter and temporalis muscles were significantly lower in the TMD group than in the control group (p<0.05). One leg standing, hip sway, and COM sway results were significantly greater in the TMD group (p<0.05), but ankle sways were not different between group. Conclusion: We suggest pain-related TMD is positively related to reduced PPTs of masticatory muscles and to static balance ability. These results should be considered together with global body posture when evaluating or treating pain-related TMD.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2000

Objectives Summary: A 20-year-old man was presented with a history of difficult waking for 10 years. He suffered from morning headache, chronic fatigue and mild daytime sleepiness but had no history of irresistible sleep attack, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucination or sleep paralysis. Methods: Night polysomnography (PSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and HLA-typing were carried out. Results: The PSG showed short sleep latency (4.0 min) and REM latency (2.5 min), increased arousal index (15.7/hour), periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS index=8.1/hr) with movement arousal index 2.1/hr and normal sleep efficiency (97.5%). The MSLT revealed normal sleep latency (15 min 21 sec) and 4 times sleep-onset REM (SOREM). HLA-typing showed DQ6- positive, that corresponded at the genomic level to the subregion DQB1*0601, which was different from the usual locus in narcolepsy patients (DQB1*0602 and DQA1*0102). Conclusion: Differential diagnosis should be made with circadian rhythm disorder and other causes of primary waking disorder. The possibility of a variant type of narcolepsy could be suggested with an unusual clinical manifestation and a new genetic marker.