• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of respiratory rehabilitation using a wind instrument for patients suffering from spinal cord injuries. From January 15, 2018 to April 15, 2018, we conducted ten 1-hour sessions of a harmonica program with eight patients with spinal cord injuries with average age of 37 years who could not perform abdominal breathing by themselves. We measured and compared patients' breathing capacity before and after the 10 sessions. Designed particularly for patients with spinal cord injuries resulting in a limited range of neck movement, the study used a 10-hole diatonic harmonica whose length was relatively short. For those patients who had difficulty using their hands, a harmonica holder was provided. Participants were trained to play simple tunes. They were guided to use abdominal breathing to make sounds, with emphasis on those parts requiring long and strong breathing. The results showed that for all eight patients both their breathing volume and their inspiratory volume increased following participation in the harmonica program. Also, the program had psychological benefits (e.g., more life satisfaction and less sadness) and additional physical benefits (e.g., less dizziness due to low blood pressure and better phlegm spitting). This study offers a unique way to help patients with spinal cord injuries to improve their breathing capacity, which may also be associated with a greater quality of life.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2021

Introduction : Oral motor function is basic function of sensory exploration, feeding, and communication, that develops from the fetal stage to childhood. Problems with oral motor function result in difficulty within handling food in the oral cavity, decreased swallowing and feeding skills, difficulty with communication, and problems with oral hygiene. To treat these symptoms, oral motor therapy is provided for normalizing sensory adaptation in the oral cavity, and increasing postural control, oral movement and oral motor function. Discussion : The oral motor facilitation technique (OMFT) was developed for increasing general and integrated oral motor function based on the following: 1) understanding orofacial muscular physiology; 2) a comprehensive approach to sensory·adaptation·behavior·cognition; 3) sensorimotor stimulation by a manual approach; 4) motor control and motor learning theory. The OMFT is a new evidence-based treatment protocol, for children and adults with neuromuscular and oral motor problems. Conclusion : The goal of this article is to provide a theoretical background for OMFT development and the basic concept for the clinical application of OMFT. We hope that this article will help oral motor therapy experts to provide effective therapy in a more professional way.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the effects of five EMS lumbar back pressure belts produced on an anatomical basis on lumbar spine stabilization. Five core muscles were selected, including the urinal, vertebral column, endotracheal, external abdominal, and large back muscles, and patterns were designed using a conductive fabric considering the appropriate muscle shape and pain-causing points. We experimented with four motions to examine the effects of different EMS abdominal compression belts on lumbar spine stabilization. Five healthy men in their 20s were selected. The selection conditions include no back pain history for the past three months, no restricted movements through pre-inspection, and the muscular strength of the body should belong to the normal grade. Using SLR, the sequence of experimental actions was chosen from the following but not limited to left-hand, body-hand, and back-line forces. Resting between movements lasted for 2 min, and the experiments were conducted after wearing the EMS abdominal pressure belt. Electrical stimulation was applied for 10 min to increase blood flow and muscle activation. The statistics of the experimental results were analyzed for specific differences by conducting the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests with nonparametric tests. The ranking results of each pattern were successfully assessed in the order of 5, 4, 3, 1, 2 for the five patterns, and we could identify slightly more significant results for experimental behavior associated with each muscle movement. Patterns produced based on anatomy showed differentiated effects when electric stimulation was applied to each muscle in different shapes, which could improve the stabilization of the lumbar spine in everyday life or training to the public. Based on these results, subsequent research would focus on developing smart healthcare clothing that is practical in daily life by employing different anatomical mechanisms, depending on the back pain, to utilize trunk-type tights.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2021

This study is based on a review of how and in which stages evidence can be used, in practice, in the policy process and proposes an information analysis framework capable of inducing continuous interaction among stakeholders and an operation procedure that allows experts to reconcile conflicts through the analyzed information. In particular, it focuses on the strategic planning process carried out in the policy formation stage of the R&D policy process, which promotes the creation of knowledge related to science and technology required to improve national competitiveness and solve social and environmental problems. Conflicts are negotiated and resolved by ensuring rationality in the policy process, following the operation procedure and inducing communication between the stakeholders participating in national R&D strategic planning related to the issue of population aging throughout utilizing the provided useful information. Our results showed that the proposed operating procedures and information analysis framework had a positive effect on the communication-oriented shift. Thus, in order to promote conflict management, an agreed operating procedures and information analysis framework should be established between stakeholders, thereby reducing a conflict of opinions in advance. This article realizes the true meaning of movement of evidence-based policies. In addition, the framework is helping support evidence-based R&D policies by strengthening rational behavior.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.675-686
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• 2021

This study investigated the ground displacement occurring in a slope below a waste-rock dumping site and estimated the likelihood of a disaster due to a landslide. To start with, photogrammetry was conducted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to investigate the size and extent of the ground displacement. From April 2019 to July 2020, the average error rate of the five UAV surveys was 0.011-0.034 m, and an elevation change of 2.97 m occurred due to the movement of the soil layer. Only some areas of the slope showedelevation change, and this was believed to be due to thegroundwater generated during rainfall rather than the effect of the waste-rock load at the top. Sensitivity analysis for LS-RAPID simulation was performed, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed by applying a digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital surface model (DSM)as terrain data with 10 m, 5 m, and 4 m grids. When data with high spatial resolution were used, the extent of the sedimentation of landslide material tended to be excessively expanded in the DEM. In contrast, in the result of applying a DSM, which reflects the topography in detail, the diffusion range was not significantly affected even when the spatial resolution was changed, and the sedimentation behavior according to the river shape could be accurately expressed. As a result, it was concluded that applying a DSM rather than a DEM does not significantly expand the sedimentation range, and results that reflect the site situation well can be obtained.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2169-2190
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of human life. The pandemic not only caused millions of fatalities and problems but also changed public sentiment and behavior. Owing to the magnitude of this pandemic, governments worldwide adopted full lockdown measures that attracted much discussion on social media platforms. To investigate the effects of these lockdown measures, this study performed sentiment analysis and latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling on textual data from Twitter published during the three lockdown waves in Malaysia between 2020 and 2021. Three lockdown measures were identified, the related data for the first two weeks of each lockdown were collected and analysed to understand the public sentiment. The changes between these lockdowns were identified, and the latent topics were highlighted. Most of the public sentiment focused on the first lockdown as reflected in the large number of latent topics generated during this period. The overall sentiment for each lockdown was mostly positive, followed by neutral and then negative. Topic modelling results identified staying at home, quarantine and lockdown as the main aspects of discussion for the first lockdown, whilst importance of health measures and government efforts were the main aspects for the second and third lockdowns. Governments may utilise these findings to understand public sentiment and to formulate precautionary measures that can assure the safety of their citizens and tend to their most pressing problems. These results also highlight the importance of positive messaging during difficult times, establishing digital interventions and formulating new policies to improve the reaction of the public to emergency situations.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2023

The technology that recognizes a soldier's motion and movement status has recently attracted large attention as a combination of wearable technology and artificial intelligence, which is expected to upend the paradigm of troop management. The accuracy of state determination should be maintained at a high-end level to make sure of the expected vital functions both in a training situation; an evaluation and solution provision for each individual's motion, and in a combat situation; overall enhancement in managing troops. However, when input data is given as a timer series or sequence, existing feedforward networks would show overt limitations in maximizing classification performance. Since human behavior data (3-axis accelerations and 3-axis angular velocities) handled for military motion recognition requires the process of analyzing its time-dependent characteristics, this study proposes a high-performance data-driven classifier which utilizes the long-short term memory to identify the order dependence of acquired data, learning to classify eight representative military operations (Sitting, Standing, Walking, Running, Ascending, Descending, Low Crawl, and High Crawl). Since the accuracy is highly dependent on a network's learning conditions and variables, manual adjustment may neither be cost-effective nor guarantee optimal results during learning. Therefore, in this study, we optimized hyperparameters using Bayesian optimization for maximized generalization performance. As a result, the final architecture could reduce the error rate by 62.56% compared to the existing network with a similar number of learnable parameters, with the final accuracy of 98.39% for various military operations.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-motor interaction-based instrument playing on the early social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nine children with ASD, averaging 5.6 years of age, participated in twelve individual sessions lasting 30 minutes each. The intervention comprised five stages: self-regulation, motivation to engage in social interaction, acceptance of a partner in co-playing activities, interpersonal coordination with a partner, and engagement in joint music playing. To evaluate changes in early social skills, joint attention and social interaction behaviors were observed, and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) was administered pre- and post-intervention. Social synchronization was measured through a dyadic drum task, measuring synchronization accuracy, duration, and timing. Following the intervention, all nine children demonstrated increased early social behaviors, although there were no significant differences in SRS scores. Moreover, synchronized movement improved significantly in accuracy and maintained duration but not in reaction time. This study highlights the significance of recognizing the cognitive-motor interplay as crucial element in facilitating early social skills development in children with ASD.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2023

In this study, a bearing test was performed and analytically evaluated to evaluate the bearing performance according to the application of the aluminum stiffener in round-end concrete. In the bearing strength test, the change in bearing performance due to the aluminum stiffener using the aluminum form for manufacturing concrete with round-end, and the steel anchor bolts for member movement and assembly was confirmed. The FE analysis model was identically configured to the experimental conditions, and the result was compared with the experiment. Also, the crack patterns and stress behavior were confirmed. In addition, the effect of strength change of the aluminum stiffener on the round-end concrete was also evaluated analytically. The bearing strength of the round-end concrete increased by about 20% due to the aluminum stiffener, and it was confirmed that the steel anchor bolt did not affect the bearing strength. The maximum load and crack patterns shown as a result of FE analysis were similar to those of the experiment. As a result of FE analysis according to the strength change of the aluminum stiffener, the maximum load change according to the increase and decrease of the strength of the aluminum stiffener by 10% and 20% was evaluated to have no significant effect at a maximum of about 4% compared to before the strength change.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.35-55
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to review the previous studies on the safety problems in Korea and to propose a psychological total safety system model. The model consisted of four agents; the government as the safety management agent, the suppliers of safety goods and services, consumer of safety goods and services, and civil movement institutions for safety. It was emphasized that the culture specific social representations of safety and accident have emerged in the course of rapid industrialization process in Korea during last 30 years. We delineated the social representations of the Korean people on safety and accident according to the model. A psychological analysis of drinking and driving behavior was performed as an application of the model. It was emphasized that safety psychologists have to develope and to apply the knowledge and the information from human engineering psychology and applied social psychology on safety and accidents.