• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2007

Interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$)의 주된 생산세포는 림프구이며 주로 Interleukin-18(IL-18)에 의해 생산이 된다. IP-10은 IFN-${\gamma}$에 의해 유도, 생산되는 대표적인 케모카인이다. 따라서 본 연구는 마우스 복강내 대식세포에서의 IL-18에 의한 IP-10의 생산 여부를 관찰하고자하였다. IL-18은 마우스 복강내 대식세포에서 IP-10의 발현을 직접적으로 유도 하지는 않았다. 그러나 대식세포에 지다당질을 처리하기 전 IL-18을 전 처리 시킨 결과 지다당질에 의해 유도된 IP-10의 발현이 항진되어 나타남을 확인하였다. 이러한 항진 효과는 IL-18 전처리 16시간에 나타났으며, 이때 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성이 IP-10의 발현 항진과 일치함을 확인하였다. 비록 IL-18이 IP-10을 직접적으로 발현시키지는 못하나 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성을 통하여 IL-18의 적정시간에 따른 전 처리시 IP-10 발현의 항진은 케모카인 발현에있어 IL-18의 작용기전을 이해하는데 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2012

본 연구를 통해서, 한(寒) 처방의 대표 처방인 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯)과 열(熱) 처방의 대표 처방인 건강부자탕(乾薑附子湯) 모두 항염 효능을 확인할 수 있었으나, 그 작용 기전에 있어 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 차이는 한의학의 기본 이론인 한열에 대한 개념에 대한 연구의 초석이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 각 개별 약물의 효능 및 다른 처방들과 다른 기전적 실험이 추가적으로 필요할 것을 보인다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2012

Objective : Nelumbinis Folium (NF) is used for diarrhea, headache and dizziness in traditional medicine. In this paper, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of NF in mouse macrophages. Methods : Peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate medium-injected mice were cultured and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) or LPS/interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$ for viability assay, cytokine measurement and Western blotting. Results : NF methanol extract suppressed the levels of nitric oxide (NO) through reduction of inducible NO synthase in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract reduced LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$-stimulated STAT1 phosphorylation and LPS-induced $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation through inhibition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ kinase activation. The extract also inhibited p38, JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2 activation. Conclusions : Our findings suggested that NF has anti-inflammatory activity, and have a potential for therapeutic application. Further research is required to investigate its anti-inflammatory active compounds.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.325-331
• /
• 2000

Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ plays important roles in inflammatory responses. Some of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) compounds exhibited to inhibit iNOS expression in animal studies and RAW 264.7 cells, but the action of THI on inflammatory reaction was not fully investigated. In the present study, we examined a limited series of THIs (higenamine, YS-51 and THI-52) on the $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages by Northern analysis. When thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with LPS (100 ng/ml), expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA was evident and reached its maximum at 2.5 h, which was reduced concentration-dependently by treatment with THIs. When the $TNF-{\alpha}$ activity of macrophage-conditioned media was measured using a TNF-sensitive L929 fibroblast cell line, CCL 1, all THIs increased the cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. The concentrations of THIs used are not cytotoxic by itself when analysed by MTT. Furthermore, nitrite/nitrate level was significantly reduced by the presence of THIs in cells treated with $LPS+interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma}).$ It is concluded, thus, that these results strongly indicated that THIs can suppress the $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression and reduce NO, which may be useful for the inflammatory disorders.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 2010

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common alimentary malignancies. In this study, the antitumor activity of activated human natural killer (NK) cells against human colorectal cancer was evaluated in vivo. Human NK cells are the key contributors of innate immune response and the effective functions of these cells are enhanced by cytokines. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-containing medium for 14 days and resulted in enriched NK cell population. The resulting populations of the cells comprised 7% $CD3^+CD4^+$ cells, 25% $CD3^+CD8^+$ cells, 13% $CD3^-CD8^+$ cells, 4% $CD3^+$CD16/$CD56^+$ cells, 39% $CD3^+$CD16/$CD56^-$ cells, and 52% $CD3^-$CD16/$CD56^+$ cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), interferon gamma (IFN-$\gamma$), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 transcripts of the activated NK cells were confirmed by RT-PCR. In addition, activated NK cells at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 10%, 34% and 47% of SW620-induced tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, respectively. This study suggests that NK cell-based immunotherapy may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patients.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2008

Objectives : Tongqiao-tang(TQT) has been commonly used for the treatment of common cold, rhinitis etc. Nowadays, TQT becomes one of the most frequently used medicines for allergic rhinitis, but the mechanism of TQT in vivo isn't investigated yet. This study was performed to investigate the effect of TQT on OVA-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model by calculating serum cytokines and IgE. Methods : 8 weeks aged male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: the normal group, the control group and the medicated group (the TQT group). Each group was consisted of 15 mice. The TQT group was administered TQT extract orally one time a day (1g/kg) from the $1^{st}$ day of experiment till the $26^{th}$ day. The control group and the normal group were administered normal saline by the same method of the TQT group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in the control group and the TQT group, mice of each group were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) solution at the $1^{st}$, the $7^{th}$ and the $14^{th}$ day. After then, intranasal sensitization was performed by dropping 0.1% OVA solution in nasal cavity at the $22^{th}$, the $24^{th}$ and the $26^{th}$ day. At the $27^{th}$ day, the mice were killed and the changes of interferon-${\gamma}$, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were checked. Results : IFN-${\gamma}$ was increased 36% more in the TQT group than that in the control group. IL-4, IL-5, the total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were decreased in the TQT group as compared with the control group and these results were statistically significant. Conclusions : Considering the above experimental results, this study showed that TQT could reduce the allergic reaction in allergic rhinitis. Advanced studies are required to investigate the further mechanisms of TQT.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2015

Yijung-tang (YJT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising 4 medicinal herbs. In the present study, we performed the simultaneous analysis for three compounds of YJT and examined anti-allergic effects in vitro. The column for separation of three compounds was used Gemini C18 column and maintained at 40$^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase for gradient elution consisted of two solvent systems. To evaluate Th2 chemokines, YJT was treated into tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$-stimulated HaCaT cells, and performed ELISA for thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). To measure Th2 cytokines, YJT was added into primary mouse splenocytes, and performed ELISA for interleukin (IL)-4, 5, 13. Calibration curves were acquired with r² >0.9999. The contents of liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in YJT were 4.50 mg/g, 11.10 mg/g, and 1.33 mg/g, respectively. YJT inhibited production of TARC and RANTES in TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells. YJT also reduced production of IL-4, 5, and 13 in primary mouse splenocytes. In conclusion, our data will be a valuable information to improve quality control and anti-allergic effects of YJT.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2019

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the effect of two Cudrania tricuspidata cultivars; Sancheong native (CT) and varieties in china(SCT) on immediate hypersensitivity of the anaphylactic type and Ova-induced allergic asthma mouse model by calculating serum cytokines and IgE. Methods : We investigated the free radical scavanging effect and quantify total phenol contents and total flavonoids of two Cudrania tricuspidata cultivars; Sancheong native(CT) and varieties in china(SCT). The sample was extracted by 80% EtOH. To induce the allergic asthma, in the control group and the CT group, mice of each group were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) solution at the 1st, the 7th and the 14th day. After then, sensitization was performed by aerosol allergen challenges with 1% OVA solution intratracheally at the 21th, the 23th, 25th and the 27th day. At the 29th day, the mice were killed and the changes of interferon-${\gamma}$, interleukin-4, 5 and 10, total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were checked. Results : CT inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 90% with a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight at 1 hr before injection of compound 48/80. In the allergic asthma mouse model, IFN-${\gamma}$ was did not increased in the CT and SCT group than that in the control group. IL-4, IL-5, the total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were decreased in the CT group as compared with the control group and these results were statistically significant. Conclusions : Considering the above experimental results, this study showed that Sancheong native cultivar could reduce the allergic reaction.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.16.1-16.13
• /
• 2021

Background: Preconditioning with inflammatory stimuli is used to improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory agents in stem cells from variant species such as mouse, human, and dog. However, there are only few studies on feline stem cells. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immune regulatory capacity of feline adipose tissue-derived (fAT) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Methods: To assess the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages with IFN-γ-pretreated fAT-MSCs, mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with the conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs. Results: Pretreatment with IFN-γ increased the gene expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the MSCs. The conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs increased the expression levels of M2 macrophage markers and regulatory T-cell markers compared to those in the conditioned media from naive MSCs. Further, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the immunoregulatory potential of MSCs, suggesting that the increased PGE₂ levels induced by IFN-γ stimulation is a crucial factor in the immune regulatory capacity of MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ. Conclusions: IFN-γ pretreatment improves the immune regulatory profile of fAT-MSCs mainly via the secretion of PGE₂, which induces macrophage polarization and increases regulatory T-cell numbers.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Fermented Houttuyniae Herba Water Extract (HL) on production of proinflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay. Effect of HL on nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by Griess reagent assay. Effect of HL on productions of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine (IL)-17, Interferon $\gamma$-inducible protein (IP)-10, Eotaxin, IL-5, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 (MCP-3), and IL-13 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. Incubation with HL for 24 hours showed significant increase in cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (P < 0.05). 2. HL showed to inhibit NO production from RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25 and 50 ug/mL significantly (P < 0.05). 3. HL inhibited significantly NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ug/mL (P < 0.05). 4. HL inhibited significantly IL-17, IP-10 and Eotaxin in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ug/mL (P < 0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that HL has anti-inflammatory moiety related with its inhibition of NO, IL-17, IP-10, and Eotaxin in macrophages.