• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) which has various pathological mechanisms, recently, it is attracting attention to the mechanism via microbiome-gut-brain axis. 6-Shogaol, a representative compound of ginger, have been known for improving PD phenotypes by reducing neuroinflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol and ginger attenuate degeneration induced by Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) on the intestine and brain, simultaneously. C57BL/6J mice received P. mirabilis for 5 days. Ginger (300 mg/kg) and 6-shogaol (10 mg/kg) were treated by gavage feeding for 22 days including the period of P. mirabilis treatment. Results showed that 6-shogaol and ginger improved motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death induced by P. mirabilis treatment. In addition, they suppressed P. mirabilis-induced intestinal barrier disruption, pro-inflammatory signals such as toll-like receptor and TNF-α, and intestinal α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, ginger and 6-shogaol significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and α-synuclein in the brain. Taken together, 6-shogaol and ginger have the potential to ameliorate PD-like motor behavior and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by P. mirabilis in mice. Here, these findings are meaningful in that they provide the first experimental evidence that 6-shogaol might attenuate PD via regulating gut-brain axis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2011

키네신은 신경세포에서 미세소관 위를 따라 소포들을 운반하는 분자 motor 단백질로 4개의 단백질로 구성되어있다. 신경세포내에서 발현하는 KIF5C가 세포 내에서 어떤 특정소포를 이동시키는가는 신경세포성장에서 중요문제이다. 이에 본연구는 KIF5C와 결합하는 단백질을 동정하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 사용하여 KIF5C와 특이적으로 결합하는 $\underline{S}$am68-$\underline{l}$ike $\underline{m}$ammalian protein 2 (SLM-2)을 확인하였다. $\underline{S}$ignal $\underline{T}$ransducers and $\underline{A}$ctivators of $\underline{R}$NA (STAR) family의 한 종류이며 RNA processing에 관여하는 RNA 결합단백질인 SLM-2는 KIF5s의 C-말단과 결합하며, 또한 SLM-2의 C-말단은 KIF5s와 결합하는데 필수영역이였다. 이러한 단백질간의 결합은 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay를 통하여 SAM68, SLM-1, SLM-2은 특이적으로 Kinesin-I과 결합함을 확인하였으며, SAM68의 항체로 면역침강한 결과 KIF5s와 mRNA는 같이 침강하였다. 신경 세포의 말단에는 돌기형성에 필요한 단백질들의 주형인 mRNA가 다수 존재하며, 이러한 mRNA는 세포의 중앙에서 세포의 말단쪽으로 이동하여야 하는데, 이번 연구 결과는 Kinesin-I이 특이적으로 mRNA을 운반할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.142-145
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• 2013

말운동신경세포질환은 척수와 뇌간에 존재하는 운동신경의 변성에 의해 자발적으로 발병하는 말의 신경성 질환이다. 8년령의 제주 조랑말 거세마 1두가 체중감소, 근육진전, 잦은 횡와, 낮은 두위, 발한, 사지를 모아 서있는 증상으로 내원하였다. 환마는 장기간 동일한 마방 내에서 초지 방목 없이 건초와 농후사료로 사육되었다. 혈청 생화학검사 결과 혈청 비타민 E(0.14 ${\mu}g/mL$; 정상 > 1.5 ${\mu}g/mL$)의 감소, CK(402 IU/L; 정상 119-287 IU/L) 및 AST(876 IU/L; 정상 226-336 IU/L)의 증가가 관찰되었다. 포도당 경구흡수시험에서는 부분적 흡수장애를 나타내었다. 미근부 근육생검 후 조직검사 결과 근섬유 위축과 비대, 핵 중심화, 변성 및 괴사된 근섬유가 관찰되었다. 상기의 내용을 종합하여 환마는 말운동신경세포질환으로 진단되었다. 경구 비타민 E 투여 5주 후, 환마는 정상적으로 개선된 기립자세와 두위, 횡와 빈도의 감소 및 체중증가를 보였다. 본 증례는 한국의 제주 조랑말에서 발생한 말운동신경세포질환으로서 비타민 E 치료에 성공한 최초의 보고이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2013

Neural stem cells are found in adult mammalian brain regions including the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In addition to these two regions, other neurogenic regions are often reported in many species. Recently, the subcallosal zone (SCZ) has been identified as a novel neurogenic region where new neuroblasts are spontaneously generated and then, by Bax-dependent apoptosis, eliminated. However, the development of SCZ in the postnatal brain is not yet fully explored. The present study investigated the precise location and amount of neuroblasts in the developing brain. To estimate the importance of programmed cell death (PCD) for SCZ histogenesis, SCZ development in the Bax-knockout (KO) mouse was examined. Interestingly, an accumulation of extra neurons with synaptic fibers in the SCZ of Bax-KO mice was observed. Indeed, Bax-KO mice exhibited enhanced startle response to loud acoustic stimuli and reduced anxiety level. Considering the prevention of PCD in the SCZ leads to sensory-motor gating dysfunction in the Bax-KO mice, active elimination of SCZ neuroblasts may promote optimal brain function.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2006

Brachial neuritis is a rare disorder of unknown etiology that affects the lower motor neurons of the brachial plexus. The clinical course is characterized by acute onset of severe pain followed by weakness and gradual recovery. Among diagnostic tests, electromyography may be useful. The brachial neuritis has been confused with other painful shoulder conditions. The awareness of this disorder helps prevent unwarranted diagnostic studies & treatment. The authors report a case of brachial neuritis.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.348-354
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 산업 현장에서 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 PID 제어기의 비례, 적분, 미분 파라미터를 다층 신경회로망을 이용하여 자동으로 동조하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 자기 궤환 뉴런을 가진 다층 신경회로망이 플랜트의 입력과 출력을 이용하여 PID 제어기의 파라미터들을 학습에 의하여 자동 동조한다. 다층 신경회로망은 자기 궤환 뉴런을 이용하여 입력층, 은닉층, 출력층의 3층으로 구성하고, 출력은 3개의 값을 갖는다. 이것은 PID 제어기의 비례(P), 적분(I), 미분(D) 파라미터로 사용된다. 이 값들은 특정한 값으로 고정되는 것이 아니라 제어 수행 과정 중에서도 다층 신경회로망의 학습에 의해 계속 변화된다. DC 서보 모터와 단일 관절 매니퓰레이터를 대상으로 시뮬레이션을 통해서 제안한 방식의 유용성을 확인한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of action observational physical training (AOPT) on manual dexterity and corticomotor facilitation in stroke patients. Ten hemiparetic patients participated in this study. Each subject was asked to participate the three conditions; base condition (Base), physical training (PT), AOPT. Participants were asked to observe the action in the video that a therapist moved the blocks during the AOPT conditions. Corticomotor facilitation was determined in three conditions by monitoring changes in the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited in hand muscles by transcranial magnetic stimulation. MEP responses were measured from the first dorsal interosseous after participants attended to three conditions. For the manual dexterity, Box and Block test (BBT) was used. The results of present study were summarized as follows: MEPs amplitude significantly tended to be larger than PT and Base condition. The scores of BBT in the AOPT condition were also significantly larger than other conditions. In conclusion, this finding of present study indicates that physical training for observation of an action is beneficial for enhancing a dexterity of paretic arm in stroke patients.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2006

Objectives: To review recent findings from physiologic research about the nature of proprioceptive spinal reflex, proposed explanation for mechanisms of musculoskeletal problems associated with propriceptive dysfunction and techniques controlling this problem. Methods: MEDLINE databases were searched using various combinatins of the keywords proprioception, spinal reflex, somata-somatic reflex, spinal manipulation, muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organ, along with searching the related articles and textbooks. Results and Conclusion: Proprioceptors(muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organs) monitor the position of joints, tension in tendons and ligaments, and the state of muscular contraction. Disturbed activity of proprioceptive spinal reflex can cause chronic state of increased muscle stiffness, pain, deficiencies both in muscle coordination and propioception, and so on. All kinds of techniques that control proprioceptive primary afferent neurons can affect the motor control system and evoke changes in the neuromuscular system.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.184-198
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• 2012

The purpose of intra-operative neurological monitoring (INM) is to minimize surgically induced nerve damage, sensory nerves and motor neurons without affecting the operations to proceed during surgery such as evoked potentials (EP), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial doppler (TCD), etc. During the course of checking a patient's condition, surveillance of ambulatory patients is a very different thing to check if the test is done under general anesthesia. INM can be possible or impossible depending on the type of drugs used and their concentrations because the monitoring is performed under anesthesia. Therefore, it is emphasized on the necessity of reviewing anesthesia which influences on INM.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2001

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a progressive neurologic disorder resulting from the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, and is inherited in 10% of cases. About 20% of familial ALS, clinically indistinguishable from sporadic ALS, is caused by mutations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase on chromosome 21q22.21 inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We now report a new locus in the non-SOD1 dominantly inherited ALS. We screened a large ALS family with 11 affected individuals and one obligate gene carrier with genome-wide ABI polymorphic markers using the ABI 377 automated system. No evidence of linkage was obtained with the autosomal markers. We next screened this family with X chromosome markers as there was no evidence of male-to-male tran-smission of the disease. Linkage was established with several X chromosome markers with a lod score up to 3.8; almost the maximum possible score in this family. Our finding imply that a gene for the dominant expression of a neuronal degeneration is coded on X chromosome and raise the question of the role of X-linked genes that escape inactivation in this pathogenesis. More importantly, our finding that a gene causing ALS is localized on X-chromosome has direct investigational relevance to sporadic ALS, where epidemiological studies show male gender predominance(1.3:1) and earlier onset in men by 5-10 years.