• 제목/요약/키워드: Motivational materials

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Feasibility Study of Case-Finding for Breast Cancer by Community Health Workers in Rural Bangladesh

  • Chowdhury, Touhidul Imran;Love, Richard Reed;Chowdhury, Mohammad Touhidul Imran;Artif, Abu Saeem;Ahsan, Hasib;Mamun, Anwarul;Khanam, Tahmina;Woods, James;Salim, Reza
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권17호
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    • pp.7853-7857
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    • 2015
  • Background: Mortality from breast cancer is high in low- and middle-income countries, in part because most patients have advanced stage disease when first diagnosed. Case-finding may be one approach to changing this situation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a pilot study to explore the feasibility of population-based case finding for breast cancer by community health workers (CHWs) using different data collection methods and approaches to management of women found to have breast abnormalities. After training 8 CHWs in breast problem recognition, manual paper data collection and operation of a cell-phone software platform for reporting demographic, history and physical finding information, these CHWs visited 3150 women >age 18 and over they could find-- from 2356 households in 8 villages in rural Bangladesh. By 4 random assignments of villages, data were collected manually (Group 1), or with the cell-phone program alone (Group 2) or with management algorithms (Groups 3 and 4), and women adjudged to have a serious breast problem were shown a motivational video (Group 3), or navigated/accompanied to a breast problem center for evaluation (Group 4). Results: Only three visited women refused evaluation. The manual data acquisition group (1) had missing data in 80% of cases, and took an average of 5 minutes longer to acquire, versus no missing data in the cell phone-reporting groups (2,3 and 4). One woman was identified with stage III breast cancer, and was appropriately treated. Conclusions: Among very poor rural Bangladeshi women, there was very limited reluctance to undergo breast evaluation. The estimated rarity of clinical breast cancer is supported by these population-based findings. The feasibility and efficient use of mobile technology in this setting is supported. Successor studies may most appropriately be trials focusing on improving the suggested benefits of motivation and navigation, on increasing the numbers of cases found, and on stage of disease at diagnosis as the primary endpoint.

Video UGC 제작 동기와 행위 과정에 관한 이해: 구현의도이론 (Theory of Implementation Intentions)의 적용을 중심으로 (Understanding User Motivations and Behavioral Process in Creating Video UGC: Focus on Theory of Implementation Intentions)

  • 김형진;송세민;이호근
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.125-148
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    • 2009
  • UGC(User Generated Contents) is emerging as the center of e-business in the web 2.0 era. The trend reflects changing roles of users in production and consumption of contents on websites and helps us to understand new strategies of websites such as web portals and social network websites. Nowadays, we consume contents created by other non-professional users for both utilitarian (e.g., knowledge) and hedonic values (e.g., fun). Also, contents produced by ourselves (e.g., photo, video) are posted on websites so that our friends, family, and even the public can consume those contents. This means that non-professionals, who used to be passive audience in the past, are now creating contents and share their UGCs with others in the Web. Accessible media, tools, and applications have also reduced difficulty and complexity in the process of creating contents. Realizing that users create plenty of materials which are very interesting to other people, media companies (i.e., web portals and social networking websites) are adjusting their strategies and business models accordingly. Increased demand of UGC may lead to website visits which are the source of benefits from advertising. Therefore, they put more efforts into making their websites open platforms where UGCs can be created and shared among users without technical and methodological difficulties. Many websites have increasingly adopted new technologies such as RSS and openAPI. Some have even changed the structure of web pages so that UGC can be seen several times to more visitors. This mainstream of UGCs on websites indicates that acquiring more UGCs and supporting participating users have become important things to media companies. Although those companies need to understand why general users have shown increasing interest in creating and posting contents and what is important to them in the process of productions, few research results exist in this area to address these issues. Also, behavioral process in creating video UGCs has not been explored enough for the public to fully understand it. With a solid theoretical background (i.e., theory of implementation intentions), parts of our proposed research model mirror the process of user behaviors in creating video contents, which consist of intention to upload, intention to edit, edit, and upload. In addition, in order to explain how those behavioral intentions are developed, we investigated influences of antecedents from three motivational perspectives (i.e., intrinsic, editing software-oriented, and website's network effect-oriented). First, from the intrinsic motivation perspective, we studied the roles of self-expression, enjoyment, and social attention in forming intention to edit with preferred editing software or in forming intention to upload video contents to preferred websites. Second, we explored the roles of editing software for non-professionals to edit video contents, in terms of how it makes production process easier and how it is useful in the process. Finally, from the website characteristic-oriented perspective, we investigated the role of a website's network externality as an antecedent of users' intention to upload to preferred websites. The rationale is that posting UGCs on websites are basically social-oriented behaviors; thus, users prefer a website with the high level of network externality for contents uploading. This study adopted a longitudinal research design; we emailed recipients twice with different questionnaires. Guided by invitation email including a link to web survey page, respondents answered most of questions except edit and upload at the first survey. They were asked to provide information about UGC editing software they mainly used and preferred website to upload edited contents, and then asked to answer related questions. For example, before answering questions regarding network externality, they individually had to declare the name of the website to which they would be willing to upload. At the end of the first survey, we asked if they agreed to participate in the corresponding survey in a month. During twenty days, 333 complete responses were gathered in the first survey. One month later, we emailed those recipients to ask for participation in the second survey. 185 of the 333 recipients (about 56 percentages) answered in the second survey. Personalized questionnaires were provided for them to remind the names of editing software and website that they reported in the first survey. They answered the degree of editing with the software and the degree of uploading video contents to the website for the past one month. To all recipients of the two surveys, exchange tickets for books (about 5,000~10,000 Korean Won) were provided according to the frequency of participations. PLS analysis shows that user behaviors in creating video contents are well explained by the theory of implementation intentions. In fact, intention to upload significantly influences intention to edit in the process of accomplishing the goal behavior, upload. These relationships show the behavioral process that has been unclear in users' creating video contents for uploading and also highlight important roles of editing in the process. Regarding the intrinsic motivations, the results illustrated that users are likely to edit their own video contents in order to express their own intrinsic traits such as thoughts and feelings. Also, their intention to upload contents in preferred website is formed because they want to attract much attention from others through contents reflecting themselves. This result well corresponds to the roles of the website characteristic, namely, network externality. Based on the PLS results, the network effect of a website has significant influence on users' intention to upload to the preferred website. This indicates that users with social attention motivations are likely to upload their video UGCs to a website whose network size is big enough to realize their motivations easily. Finally, regarding editing software characteristic-oriented motivations, making exclusively-provided editing software more user-friendly (i.e., easy of use, usefulness) plays an important role in leading to users' intention to edit. Our research contributes to both academic scholars and professionals. For researchers, our results show that the theory of implementation intentions is well applied to the video UGC context and very useful to explain the relationship between implementation intentions and goal behaviors. With the theory, this study theoretically and empirically confirmed that editing is a different and important behavior from uploading behavior, and we tested the behavioral process of ordinary users in creating video UGCs, focusing on significant motivational factors in each step. In addition, parts of our research model are also rooted in the solid theoretical background such as the technology acceptance model and the theory of network externality to explain the effects of UGC-related motivations. For practitioners, our results suggest that media companies need to restructure their websites so that users' needs for social interaction through UGC (e.g., self-expression, social attention) are well met. Also, we emphasize strategic importance of the network size of websites in leading non-professionals to upload video contents to the websites. Those websites need to find a way to utilize the network effects for acquiring more UGCs. Finally, we suggest that some ways to improve editing software be considered as a way to increase edit behavior which is a very important process leading to UGC uploading.

ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 가정과 식품표시 수업이 중학생의 학습동기와 식품표시에 대한 인식 및 활용도에 미치는 효과 (The Effects of the Food Labeling Home Economics Instruction applying ARCS Motivation Teaching Strategy on Middle School Students' Learning Motivation, Recognition and Use of Food Labels)

  • 여수경;채정현
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.113-141
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구의 목적은 중학교 기술 가정 교과의 식품표시와 관련된 수업을 ARCS 동기유발전략을 적용하여 개발한 후 이 수업이 학습동기와 식품표시에 대한 인식과 활용에 효과를 주는지 검증하는데 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 식품표시 관련 가정과 수업의 교수 학습 과정안을 총 4차시 개발하였고, 사전-사후 실험설계를 사용하여, 실험집단 4학급은 ARCS 동기유발전략을 적용한 수업을, 비교집단 3학급은 강의식 수업을 적용하여 실험집단과 비교집단의 사전 점수와 사후 점수를 비교하였다. 불성실하게 응답한 7부를 제외한 203부를 대상으로 SPSS Win 12.0을 이용하여 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ARCS 동기유발전략을 적용한 식품표시 관련 가정과 수업의 교수 학습 과정안과 학습자료, 교사용 참고자료를 4개의 학습주제(영양성분표시, 식품첨가물, 유전자조작과 방사선조사식품, 식품품질인증표시)별로 개발하였다. 둘째, 학습동기에 대한 실험에서 사전 학습동기를 통제한 공변량 분석을 실시한 결과, ARCS 동기유발수업을 받은 실험집단과 강의식 수업을 받은 비교집단의 학습동기와 동기유발요소(주의집중, 관련성, 자신감, 만족감) 모두에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 사전 식품표시에 대한 인식을 통제한 공변량 분석을 실시한 결과, 사후 식품표시에 대한 인식 검사에서 식품표시에 대한 인식이 수업방법에 따라 실험집단과 비교집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 식품표시에 대한 인식 하위영역인 식품표시사항 이해도와 식품표시 실생활 도움 및 교육필요도에서도 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 사전 식품표시 활용도를 통제한 공변량 분석을 실시한 결과, 식품표시 활용도에 대한 사후 식품표시 활용도는 수업방법에 따라 실험집단과 비교집단간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 식품표시 활용도 하위영역인 식품표시사항 활용도와 식품선택시 활용도 모두에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다.

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협력적 멘토링을 통한 초임 중등과학교사의 교수실행에서 나타나는 반성적 실천의 변화 (The Change in Beginning Science Teachers' Reflective Practice in their Teaching Performance through Collaborative Mentoring)

  • 고문숙;남정희
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.94-113
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    • 2013
  • 이 연구는 초임 중등과학교사를 대상으로 교수에 대한 반성적 사고와 반성적 실천을 유도하는 협력적 멘토링 과정에서 멘토링 전후의 교수행위의 특징과 실제수업에서의 변화를 통해 교수실행의 반성적 실천이 어떻게 발전되어 가는지를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 참여자는 대학교수 1명, 박사 석사과정에 있는 연구자 2명, 3명의 멘토교사와 3명의 멘티교사 등 총 9명이 참여하였다. 멘토링 과정에서 멘티수업 녹화본 및 전사본, 학습지도안, 일대일 멘토링 녹음 및 전사본, 멘토 저널과 멘티 저널, RTOP 교수 관찰지 등의 자료를 수집하였다. 수업의 분석은 RTOP을 이용하였으며, 멘티교사의 수업에 있어서의 인식과 변화는 자신의 교수행위에 대한 반성(reflection)과 반성적 실천(reflective practice)으로 범주화하여 수업실행 전후의 멘티저널, 멘토링 협의회 녹음전사본, 멘토링 후 멘티 저널을 바탕으로 분석하였다. 초임 과학교사 3명의 멘토링 이전 수업의 특징은 교과내용지식과 관련된 측면은 어느 정도 구성되어 있으나, 학생들에게 다양한 탐구활동의 기회를 제공해주는 탐구적 교수법과 학생들의 능동적 지식 구성을 강화하는 수업방법에 있어서는 매우 취약함을 보여주었다. 멘토링이 진행됨에 따라 3명의 멘티교사의 차시별 수업을 분석한 결과, 멘티교사별로 상승곡선의 경향이 다소 다르게 나타나기는 하나, RTOP의 평균 점수는 점진적으로 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 협력적 멘토링이 진행되는 과정에서 멘티교사의 교수실행의 변화로 나타난 반성적 실천에서는, 멘토링 과정에서 3명의 멘티교사 모두 수업에 대한 반성이 일어나며 점진적으로 반성 수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 협력적 멘토링을 통해 멘티교사에게 수업반성의 기회를 제공하고 피드백하는 과정에서 멘티교사의 반성적 성향이 강하게 나타났으며, 이와 함께 반성적 실천에 의한 실제수업에서의 변화로 이어졌다. 이는 수업반성을 통해 교수기술의 향상을 가져옴을 알 수 있다.