• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.379-390
• /
• 2019

Putting emphasis on the effect of existence of porosity in the functionally graded materials (FGMs) on the dynamic responses of waves scattered in FG nanobeams resulted in implementation of a novel porosity-based homogenization method for FGMs and show its applicability in a wave propagation problem in the presence of axial pre-load for the first time. In the employed porosity-dependent method, the coupling between density and Young's moduli is included to consider for the effective moduli of the FG nanobeam by the means of a more reliable homogenization technique. The beam-type element will be modeled via the classical theory of beams, namely Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Also, the dynamic form of the principle of virtual work will be extended for such nanobeams to derive the motion equations. Applying the nonlocal constitutive equations of Eringen on the obtained motion equations will be resulted in derivation of the nanobeam's governing equations. Depicted results reveal that the dispersion responses of FG nanobeams will be decreased as the porosity volume fraction is increased which must be noticed by the designers of advanced nanosize devices who are interested in employment of wave dispersion approach in continuous systems for specific goals.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.93-109
• /
• 2019

In the present study, vibration analysis of double bonded micro sandwich cylindrical shells with saturated porous core and carbon/boron nitride nanotubes (CNT/BNNT) reinforced composite face sheets under multi-physical loadings based on Cooper-Naghdi theory is investigated. The material properties of the micro structure are assumed to be temperature dependent, and each of the micro-tubes is placed on the Pasternak elastic foundations, and mechanical, moisture, thermal, electrical, and magnetic forces are effective on the structural behavior. The distributions of porous materials in three distributions such as non-linear non-symmetric, nonlinear-symmetric, and uniform are considered. The relationship including electro-magneto-hydro-thermo-mechanical loadings based on modified couple stress theory is obtained and moreover the governing equations of motion using the energy method and the Hamilton's principle are derived. Also, Navier's type solution is also used to solve the governing equations of motion. The effects of various parameters such as material length scale parameter, temperature change, various distributions of nanotube, volume fraction of nanotubes, porosity and Skempton coefficients, and geometric parameters on the natural frequency of double bonded micro sandwich cylindrical shells are investigated. Increasing the porosity and the Skempton coefficients of the core in micro sandwich cylindrical shell lead to increase the natural frequency of the structure. Cylindrical shells and porous materials in the industry of filters and separators, heat exchangers and coolers are widely used and are generally accepted today.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.235-251
• /
• 2021

In the current study, the free vibrational behavior of a Porous Micro (PM) beam which is integrated with Functionally Graded Piezoelectric (FGP) layers with initial curvature is considered based on the two trigonometric shear deformation theories namely SSDBT and Tan-SDBT. The structure's mechanical properties are varied through its thicknesses following the given functions. The curved microbeam is exposed to electro-mechanical preload and also is rested on a Pasternak type of elastic foundation. Hamilton's principle is used to extract the motion equations and the MCST is used to capture the size effect. Navier's solution method is selected as an analytical method to solve the motion equations for a simply supported ends case and by validating the results for a simpler state with previously published works, effects of different important parameters on the behavior of the structure are considered. It is found that although increasing the porosity reduces the natural frequency, but enhancing the volume fraction of CNTs increasing it. Also, by increasing the central angle of the curved beam the vibrations of the structure increases. Designing and manufacturing more efficient smart structures such as sensors and actuators are of the aims of this study.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.395-412
• /
• 2024

This article develops a nonclassical size dependent nanoplate model to study the dynamic response of functionally graded carbon nanotube (FGCNT) nanoplates under a moving load. Both nonlocal and microstructure effects are incorporated through the nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory. To investigate the effect of reinforcement orientation of CNT, four different configurations are studied and analysed. The FGM gradation thorough the thickness direction is simulated using the power law. In the context of the first order shear deformation theory, the dynamic equations of motion and the associated boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton's principle. An analytical solution of the dynamic equations of motion is derived based on the Navier methodology. The proposed model is verified and compared with the available results in the literature and good agreement is found. The numerical results show that the dynamic performance of FGCNT nanoplates could be governed by the reinforcement pattern and volume fraction in addition to the non-classical parameters and the moving load dimensionless parameter. Obtained results are reassuring in design and analysis of nanoplates reinforced with CNTs.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.63-63
• /
• 2003

Purpose: Planning target volume (PTV) for tumors in abdomen or thorax includes enough margin for breathing-related movement of tumor volumes during treatment. We developed a simple and handy method, which can reduce PTV margins in patients with moving tumors, respiratory motion reduction device system (RMRDs). Materials and Methods: The patients clinical database was structured for moving tumor patients and patient setup error measurement and immobilization device effects were investigated. The system is composed of the respiratory motion reduction device utilized in prone position and abdominal presser (strip device) utilized in the supine position, moving phantom and the analysis program, which enables the analysis on patients setup reproducibility. It was tested for analyzing the diaphragm movement and CT volume differences from patients with RMRDs, the magnitude of PTV margin was determined and dose volume histogram (DVH) was computed using a treatment planning software. Dose to normal tissue between patients with RMRDs and without RMRDs was analyzed by comparing the fraction of the normal liver receiving to 50% of the isocenter dose(TD50). Results: In case of utilizing RMRDs, which was personally developed in our hospital, the value was reduced to $5pm1.4 mm$, and in case of which the belt immobilization device was utilized, the value was reduced to 3$pm$0.9 mm. Also in case of which the strip device was utilized, the value was proven to reduce to $4pm.3 mm$0. As a result of analyzing the TD50 is irradiated in DVH according to the radiation treatment planning, the usage of the respiratory motion reduction device can create the reduce of 30% to the maximum. Also by obtaining the digital image, the function of comparison between the standard image, automated external contour subtraction, and etc were utilized to develop patients setup reproducibility analysis program that can evaluate the change in the patients setup. Conclusion: Internal organ motion due to breathing can be reduced using RMRDs, which is simple and easy to use in clinical setting. It can reduce the organ motion-related PTV margin, thereby decrease volume of the irradiated normal tissue.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.497-508
• /
• 1998

목적: 휴식기 T1-201/디피리다몰 부하 게이트 Tc-99m-MIBI/24시간 T1-201 SPECT을 이용하여 심근 벽운동의 수술 후 호전 가능성을 예측하고 어떤 지표가 예측률이 좋은지 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 39명(남자:여자=34:5, 나이: $58{\pm}8세$)에서 우회로 수술을 시행하고 수술전과 수술한지 3개월 후에 심근 관류 SPECT를 하여 수술 전 SPECT로부터 부하-휴식기 가역성, 휴식기 T1-201 섭취, T1-201 휴식-재분포 양상, 심근의 수축기 두꺼워짐을 준정량적으로 등급화하고 이 지표가 수술 후 심근 벽운동 호전여부를 얼마나 잘 예측할 수 있는지 보았다. 휴식기에 관류 감소가 있는 16명은 24시간 지연재분포 T1-201 SPECT를 촬영하였다. 17분절로 나누어 관류는 0에서 3 (0: 정상, 1: 가벼운 감소, 2 심한 감소, 3: 결손), 벽운동은 0 에서 4 (0: 정상, 1. 가벼운 저운동, 2: 심한 저운동, 3: 무운동, 4: 이상운동), 심근의 수축기 두꺼워짐은 좋거나 나쁨으로 판정하였다. 전체 99동맥영역의 585분절 중에서 142분절이 벽운동이 이상이 있어서 우회로 또는 수술적 성형술로 재관류 수술을 시행하였다. 결과: 수술 후 구혈률은 수술 전에 구혈률이 낮은 환자 22명은 $37.8{\pm}9.0%$에 비해 $45.5{\pm}12.3%$ 까지 증가하였다. 103 개의 분절(72.5%)의 벽운동이 수술 후 호전되었다. 부하-휴식기 가역성, 휴식기 T1-201 섭취, T1-201 휴식-재분포 양상, 심근의 수축기 두꺼워짐의 벽운동 호전 예측능은 각각 83%, 76%, 43%, 69%이었다. 음성예측률은 48%, 44%, 58%, 21%이었다. 네 지표중 어느 하나라도 있는 경우 양성예측률은 74% 음성 예측률은 46%이었다. 판단도표 분석에 의한 양성예측률은 78%, 음성예측률은 58%이었다. 단변량분석에서 부하-휴식기 가역성(p=0.0008)과 휴식기 T1-201 섭취(p=0.024)가 유의한 지표였으나 다변량 단계별 로짓분석에서는 부하-휴식기 가역성(p=0.0008)만 유의하였다. 결론 휴식기 운동이상 분절의 심근생존능을 조사한 이 연구에서 휴식기 T1-201/디피리다몰 부하 게이트 Tc-99m-MIBI/24시간 T1-201 SPECT에서 얻은 여러 지표로 수술 후 벽운동 호전을 예측할 수 있지만 부하-휴식기 가역성이 생존 심근을 찾는데 유용한 실제적인 예후 지표임을 알았다. 환자 단위로 수술여부를 판단할 때 생존심근을 가진 환자를 찾을 때에도 부하-휴식기 가역성이 중요한 단일지표인지 조사할 필요가 있다고 생각하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.575-585
• /
• 2020

Based on a refined shear deformation finite strip, transient vibrations of graphene oxide powder (GOP) reinforced plates due to external pulse loads have been investigated. The plate has uniformly and linearly distributed GOPs inside material structure. Applied pulse loads have been selected as sinusoidal, linear and blast types. Such pulse loads result in transient vibrations of the GOP-reinforced plates which are not explored before. Finite strip method (FSM) has been performed for solving the equations of motion and then inverse Laplace transform technique has been employed to derive transient responses due to pulse loading. It is reported in this study that the transient responses of GOP-reinforced plates are dependent on GOP dispersions, GOP volume fraction, type of pulse loading, loading time and load locations.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 1981

The mixing length theory is extended to close the momentum queations for two-phase turbulent flow at a first-order closure level. It is assumed that the mass fraction of the particles is of the order of unity, that the particle size is so small that the particles are fully suspended is the primary fluid, and that the relaxation time scale of the particles is of the same order as the time scale of the energy containing eddies so that the suspended particles are responsive to the fluctuating turbulent field. The bulk motion of the particles is treated as a secondary fluid with its own coefficient of momentum transport. The proposed closure is uniformly destributed acress the pipe section. Predicted velocity profiles and the friction factors are in good agreement with avaiable experimental data.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.277-299
• /
• 2016

In this paper, free vibration, forced vibration, resonance and stress wave propagation behavior in nanocomposite plates reinforced by wavy carbon nanotube (CNT) are studied by a mesh-free method based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The plates are resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation and subjected to periodic or impact loading. The distributions of CNTs are considered functionally graded (FG) or uniform along the thickness and their mechanical properties are estimated by an extended rule of mixture. In the mesh-free analysis, moving least squares (MLS) shape functions are used for approximation of displacement field in the weak form of motion equation and the transformation method is used for imposition of essential boundary conditions. Effects of CNT distribution, volume fraction, aspect ratio and waviness, and also effects of elastic foundation coefficients, plate thickness and time depended loading are examined on the vibrational and stresses wave propagation responses of the nanocomposite plates reinforced by wavy CNT.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2017

Seismic response of the concrete column covered by nanofiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) layer is investigated. The concrete column is studied in this paper. The column is modeled using sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory (SSDT). Mori-Tanaka model is used for obtaining the effective material properties of the NFRP layer considering agglomeration effects. Using the nonlinear strain-displacement relations, stress-strain relations and Hamilton's principle, the motion equations are derived. Harmonic differential quadrature method (HDQM) along with Newmark method is utilized to obtain the dynamic response of the structure. The effects of different parameters such as NFRP layer, geometrical parameters of column, volume fraction and agglomeration of nanofibers and boundary conditions on the dynamic response of the structure are shown. The results indicated that applied NFRP layer decreases the maximum dynamic displacement of the structure. In addition, using nanofibersas reinforcement leads a reduction in the maximum dynamic displacement of the structure.