• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.434-437
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• 2003

Evaluation or the patterning accuracy of e-beam lithography machines requires a high precision inspection system that is capable of measuring the true xy-locations of fiducial marks generated by the e-beam machine under test. Fiducial marks are fabricated on a single photo mask over the entire working area in the form of equally spaced two-dimensional grids. In performing the evaluation, the principles of self-calibration enable to determine the deviations of fiducial marks from their nominal xy-locations precisely, not being affected by the motion errors of the inspection system itself. It is. however, the fact that only repeatable motion errors can be eliminated, while random motion errors encountered in probing the locations of fiducial marks are not removed. Even worse, a random error occurring from the measurement of a single mark propagates and affects in determining locations of other marks, which phenomenon in fact limits the ultimate calibration accuracy of e-beam machines. In this paper, we describe an uncertainty analysis that has been made to investigate how random errors affect the final result of self-calibration of e-beam machines when one uses an optical inspection system equipped with high-resolution microscope objectives and a precision xy-stages. The guide of uncertainty analysis recommended by the International Organization for Standardization is faithfully followed along with necessary sensitivity analysis. The uncertainty analysis reveals that among the dominant components of the patterning accuracy of e-beam lithography, the rotationally symmetrical component is most significantly affected by random errors, whose propagation becomes more severe in a cascading manner as the number of fiducial marks increases

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2002

In optical pick-up, optical components such as objective lens, collimator, mirror, laser diode and photo diode are mounted on the pick-up base. These components must keep their original position during operation for proper transmittance of information from laser diode to optical disk and back to photo diode. However, micro thermal deformation of pick-up base which is induced by thermal environment during operation can deteriorate the performance of optical pick-up. Therefore, it is important to measure and analyze the thermal deformation behavior of pick-up base under thermal environment. In the present study, a measurement system using holographic interferometry was designed to measure micro thermal deformation of pick up base. The measurement system was verified by using the deformation of cantilever with prescribed motion actuated by PZT with 1 nm resolution. Interferometric measurement was compared quantitatively with that induced by PZT actuator. Finally, micro thermal deformation of pick-up base under actual thermal environment was measured using the present holographic interferometry and the results were analysed.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.429-434
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 기울임 동작에 기반한 휴대기기 상의 사진 감상 UI를 제시하고 사용성을 평가한다. 기존의 기울임 입력 방식의 세가지 조작성 문제(overshooting, fluctuation, 부분 이미지 제시)를 개선하기 위하여, 사진 위치 및 기울임에 의존하는 사진 이동 제어 dynamics 모델을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 기울임 감지용 가속도 센서, 기울임에 의한 사진 이동 제어 dynamics 모델, 다중모달(시각, 청각, 촉각)을 통한 모델 상태 출력부로 구성된다. 센서 입력과 다중 모달 출력을 위하여, 삼성 MITs 4300 PDA의 배터리 팩을 개조하여 3축 가속도 센서와 진동 출력장치 (VBW32)를 장착하였다. 제안하는 시스템은 기존의 대표적인 사진 감상 입력 방법인 버튼과 iPod wheel과 비교하였다. 정량적 비교를 위하여 7명의 사용자에게 100장의 사진 중 20장을 차례로 검색하는 과제를 부여하면서 수집한 로그를 분석하였으며, 정성적인 비교를 위하여 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 실험 결과 제안한 방법이 기존 기울임 기반 dynamics에 비하여 overshooting 횟수를 30%, 사진간 이동 거리를 25%, 이동 시간을 17% 감소하였다. 또한 제안한 방법이 버튼과 유사한 조작성을 갖고 있으며, 버튼과 iPod보다 더욱 흥미성이 뛰어났다. 상업적으로 뛰어난 성공을 거둔 iPod이 다수의 overshooting 발생으로 실제로는 사용성이 떨어진다는 점이 예상치 못한 흥미로운 발견이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2021

As the photo-voltaic (PV) industry grows, the floating PV has been suggested to resolve current environmental destruction and a lack of installation area. Currently, various floating PV systems have been developed, but there is a lack of studies on how the shape of the floating body and other compositions are affecting structural behavior. In this study, the behavior of the floating PV was investigated at the various length of mooring lines, stiffness of connecting hinges, and size of floating bodies. The shortest mooring lines with the distributed type floating PV showed the least force on the floating body and corresponding motion. A frictionless hinge is safer at the regular and low-height wave, while a stiff hinge is safer at irregular and high-height wave. In addition, due to the bi-axial distribution of the connecting hinge, 45° direction wave was found to be the most dangerous.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.421-428
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• 2021

The High Efficiency Image File Format (HEIF) is an MPEG-developed image format that utilizes the video codec H.265 to store still screens in a single image format. The iPhone has been using HEIF since 2017, and Android devices such as the Galaxy S10 have also supported the format since 2019. The format can provide images with good compression rates, but it has a complex internal structure and lacks significant compatibility between devices and software, making it not popular to replace commonly used JPEG (or JPG) files. However, despite the fact that many devices are already using HEIF, digital forensics research regarding it is lacking. This means that we can be exposed to the risk of missing potential evidence due to insufficient understanding of the information contained inside the file during digital forensics investigations. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the HEIF formatted photo file taken on the iPhone and the motion photo file taken on the Galaxy to find out the information and features contained inside the file. We also investigate whether or not the software we tested support HEIF and present the requirement of forensic tools to analyze HEIF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.91-97
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-l4}$m and then the converging n-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion because of the n-rays' hindrances, near the nucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the control of normal proliferation and differentiation of the various cell types which make up the human body will undoubtedly allow a greater insight into the abnormal growth of cells, A large body of biochemical evidence was eventually used to generate a receptor model with an external ligand binding domain linked through a single trans-membrane domain to the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and autophosphory-lation domains. The ligand induced conformational change in the external domain generates either a push-pull or rotational signal which is transduced from the outside to the inside of cell.l.ell.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

In this paper, we investigated the implementation of a hairstyle recommendation system based on big data and deepfake technology. The proposed hairstyle recommendation system recognizes the facial shapes based on the user's photo (image). Facial shapes are classified into oval, round, and square shapes, and hairstyles that suit each facial shape are synthesized using deepfake technology and provided as videos. Hairstyles are recommended based on big data by applying the latest trends and styles that suit the facial shape. With the image segmentation map and the Motion Supervised Co-Part Segmentation algorithm, it is possible to synthesize elements between images belonging to the same category (such as hair, face, etc.). Next, the synthesized image with the hairstyle and a pre-defined video are applied to the Motion Representations for Articulated Animation algorithm to generate a video animation. The proposed system is expected to be used in various aspects of the beauty industry, including virtual fitting and other related areas. In future research, we plan to study the development of a smart mirror that recommends hairstyles and incorporates features such as Internet of Things (IoT) functionality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2000

Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points.(1) natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc.(2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The hv is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not changed during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body.New atomic model 9the crystallizing $\pi$-bonding) was proposed in the journal of material processing technology since 1997 for the explanation of the mechanical behaviors in terms of physics. $\prod$-ray physics proved that the electrons can come out from in the nucleus and modern chemistry corresponds to the $\pi$-bonding by the nuclear electrons. The $\pi$-bonding structure of the protons outside the nucleus is that electrons move between protons of the different atoms. The perception step and the characteristic frequency in signal transduction is due to the accumulation of the $\pi$-rays outside of the proton before their absorption to the nucleus.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

Although laser interferometer measurement system has advantages of measurement range and accuracy, it has some disadvantages when measurement of multi degrees of freedom of motion are required. Because the traditional error measurement methods for geometric errors (two straightness and three angular errors) of a slide of machine tools measures error components one at a time. It may also create an optical path difference and affect the measurement accuracy. In order to identify and compensate for geometric errors of a moving rigid body in real time processes, an on-line error measurement system for simultaneous detection of the five error components of a moving object is required. Using laser alignment technique and some optoelectronic components, an on-line measurement system with 5 degrees of freedom was developed for the geometric error detection in this study Performance verification of the system has been performed on an error generating mechanism. Experimental results show the feasibility of this system for identifying geometric errors of a slide of machine tools.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.71-75
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• 2000

Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The hv is the Kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition form outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. New atomic model (the crystallizing $\pi$-bonding) was proposed in the journal of material processing technology since 1997 for the explanation of the mechanical behaviors in terms of physics. $\prod$-ray physics proved that the electrons can come out from in the nucleus and modern chemistry corresponds to the $\pi$-bonding by the nuclear electrons. The $\pi$-bonding structure of the protons outside the nucleus is that electrons move between protons of the different atoms. The perception step and the characteristic frequency in signal transduction is due to the accumulation of the $\pi$-rays outside fo the proton before their absorption to the nucleus.