• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.341-342
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• 2014

본 논문은 한국적인 어머니와 모성을 드러낸 소설과 영화를 중심으로 모성의 양가성을 탐구한 것이다. 21세기에도 여전히 모성은 지배 이데올로기의 전유물이 되어 자본주의 체제의 근간을 이룬다. 그러나 예술은 모성의 양가성을 부각시키며 자본주의 체제를 비판하고 대안을 제시할 수 있는 기제로 남아 있다. 그로 인해 인간의 소외와 소멸을 논하는 이 시대에도 모성성의 연구는 필요하다고 본다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.435-441
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• 2020

This study attempts to analyze by the gender political point of view of the recent film, 'A Special Lady', focusing on the case of setting up women as the main characters in the 2000s Korean film noir genre. Concretely, this study conducted a narrative analysis focusing on the three elements of genre film, the identity of the characters and their family relationships, and the Oedipal trajectory. The film, 'A Special Lady', has the narrative about the maternal love assigned to female protagonist, and that emphasizes male pure love. And the film shows the flashbacks concerning to motherhood that prove the biological identity of the female protagonist, and signs that weaken the castration fear resulting from male voyeurism. Further, the film depicts the fragmentation of identity and the cracking of family relationships, revealing the confusion of gender identity and the narrative degeneration into family melodrama. Meanwhile, the film fails to complete the feminine Oedipal trajectory by reducing the female character's motherhood to a biological one instead of expanding it into an alternative quality embracing the other. These findings suggest that the korean gangster is closely related to gender politics and is not completely out of gender bias.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.162-173
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• 2014

Among OECD countries, Korea is the only country which has continuously recorded total birthrate below 1.3 person for over 10 years. Since 2006, the Korean government has promoted the population policy in full scale. But, the fertility rate which became low has not shown any sign to go up again. Thus, Korea can be understood as having fallen into 'low fertility trap'. Such a low fertility can cause serious problems such as weakening of national competitive power and even survival of the country. In Korea, due to studies and finding jobs among young women, their childbirths are kept being postponed. In some cases, poor working conditions where women work can cause physical conditions not appropriate for pregnancy. Thus, it is very important to let childbearing women, pregnant women take care of their health. Accordingly, conscious of this low fertility era, this study examined major international organizations and countries' health promoting strategies-with focus on motherhood and suggested some methods to effectively improve health for motherhood.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.421-430
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• 2018

This study is a qualitative study using phenomenological methods that focus on the meaning of what individuals experience to understand the meaning of the gender role of women after childbirth. The participants of this study are 17 women who gave a birth from 8 weeks of the postpartum period to a year after the birth. Seven categories were derived from the results of analyzing the meaning of the gender roles of participants, and the seven categories are confirmed to be body changes and pain, just making me feel down, the difference between expectation and reality, isolation from husband and social network, thinking about my mother as a woman, the pain of body and mind sublimates, and convergence/dissociation between femininity and motherhood. This study is meaningful in that the results of this study provided information that would have a broader understanding of women's gender role after giving birth.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2001

The childbearing process is not only a biological phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child but also a sociocultural phenomenon which is reflected on her value, belief in the sociocultural context according to social change and acculturation. The familial relation and sociocultural context in the multigravidas are more complex and intermingled than in the primigravidas. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of identity from the first trimester of pregnancy to the third trimester of pregnancy in the Korean multigravidas and to understand deeply the perspectives of pregnant women reflected on Korean sociocultural values, beliefs, norms and familial culture. The participants of 10 pregnant women in Seoul, Korea were observed for 10 months from January to October 2000 and interviewed in their homes and comfortable place. Data analysis was accomplished 'line by line method' and significant concepts were classified according to themes, categories, and domains. The results of this study were as follows : The participants experienced 4 categorized subjects : understanding the oneself - mother to be, performing the dual role, drifting the emotion, and living disheartened during pregnancy. The participants were showed universality and diversity pattern in the self understanding process. The universal pattern were 'mother to be' showing maturation, life along family and priority on motherhood between being a mother and a woman. The diverse pattern were taking the dual role in working mothers having the higher self actualized value and personal identity rather than maternal identity, drifting emotion in resigned mothers, and living disheartened in mothers who have two daughters and no son. In conclusion, the Korean multigravidas experienced womanhood as well as motherhood through the self understanding process with familial connections during pregnancy. Therefore it is suggested that if the harmony and the balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting during pregnancy in the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore, the health care providers have to divert their attention from biomedical perspectives to biocultural perspectives integrating bio-psycho-sociocultural aspects of pregnant women in a clinical setting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.307-318
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• 2000

The researcher would like to suggest that the delivery experience varies depending on the personal situation and the childbirth experiences of the mother. The goals of this study are : 1. To find out the subjectivity structure on delivery experience. 2. To describe the differences in delivery experience depending on the delivery methods. 3. To suggest effective nursing intervention for each type. Q-methodology was used for the research design. One of the main reasons to use this Q methodology. Because each individual's delivery experience can be different. The result of this study shows that the subjectivity related to the delivery experience of mother has at least four distinctive types. Type I mothers can be named as "Motherhood Identity Recognition Type". Type I subjects accept delivery experience very positively, show interest in the health of the baby, and identify their motherliness with responsibility. Type II mothers can be named "Leaping to Maturity Type". It can be explained as a state that mothers experience pain, but by understanding and enduring the pain, the pain is changed to maturity. Type III mothers can be named as "Pride Experience Type". Type III feels vaginal delivery as a process to become a real mothers, and have great pride in making this type of significant emotiange delivery. Therefore, they think the labor pain is worth the value and believes that there are other differences between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Mothers of Type III take the delivery experience to be meaningful. Type IV mothers can be named as "Lack of Motherhood Transition Type". This type does not seem to feel sorry for their babies for going through a cesarean section delivery. The also do not have the satisfaction of delivery and motherliness identity is low. In addition, they especially do not feel affection towards their babies. Also, because they delivered babies in a state of anesthetics, they do not seem to feel much different, but show negative reactions toward themselves.ow negative reactions toward themselves.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1035-1056
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• 2009

Korean adoptee narratives have proliferated over the last ten years as adopted Koreans have begun to represent their own experiences of violent dislocation, displacement and loss in various forms of literary and artistic works, including poems, autobiographical works, novels, documentaries and films. These narratives by Korean adoptees have intervened in the current diaspora discourse to question further the traditional categories of race, ethnicity, culture and nation by representing the unique experiences of the forced and involuntary migration of adopted Koreans. For a long time, the adoption discourse has been mostly constructed from the perspectives of adoptive parents. Therefore the voice of adoptees as well as that of the birth mothers have not been properly heard or represented in adoption discourse. According to Hosu Kim, the U. S. adoption discourse, feeling pressured to deal with the stigma of the commodification of children, changed from viewing the adoptees as children who had been rescued from poverty and abandonment to considering them as a gift from the birth mothers. With the emergence of the gift rhetoric in transnational adoption, the birth mothers erased from adoption discourse have begun to be acknowledged as one of the central characters in the adoption triad. If Korean adoptees are the "the ghostly children of Korean history," the birth mothers are their "ghostly doubles" who "bear the mark of a repressed national trauma." Somebody's Daughter represents the female experiences of becoming an adopted child and of being a birth mother. In particular, the novel makes a birth mother, the forgotten presence in adoptee narratives, into a central figure in the triangular relationship created by international adoption. The novel historicizes the experiences of a Korean adoptee growing up in America as well as those of a mother who had suffered silently from feelings of unbearable loss, guilt, grief and from unforgettable memories. In addition, narrating the birth mother's story is a way to give humanity back to these forgotten women in Korean adoption history. Revisiting the site of loss both for a mother and a daughter through the novel is an act of collective mourning. The narratives about and by Korean adoptees force Korean intellectuals to reflect seriously upon Korean society and its underlying ideology which prevents a woman from mothering her own baby, and to take an ethical and political stand on this current social and political issue.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.439-452
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to criticize the sport culture of babyboom generation women in Korea society. In the traditional society with Confucianism dominating, women were told to walk in small strides with modesty, keep footsteps narrower than the size of foot and never run frivolously. But in the modern society, many middle aged women-babyboom generation who was born in 1955-1963 and the first generation was served high level education engaged to enjoy various physical activities. For this study, there is a important method to analysis through three oral history interviews. It can be seen the cultural context in the result of sport as a play, restricted P·E class, forced motive-a good motherhood, survival fitness and ready for later life. These results will can be founded as a reality of dynamic relations and provided implications about founding the important of women voice and creating important data for people who want to be engaged in sports as a physical activities.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-111
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• 2009

This paper analyses the stories of 38 women of the in-depth survey, enforced by the Institute for Gender Research, Seoul National University. This survey focused on motherhood, but many memories were told by most of women. That shows strong existence of fatherhood in the process of personality formation in Korean society. The stories of 38 women could be divided into 5 types: (1) 5 cases where there is no mention about father; (2) 5 cases where simple and negative mentions are made about fathers; (3) 6 cases where no instrumental fatherhood but expressive fatherhood is found; (4) 11 cases of women who experienced both instrumental and expressive fatherhood, and (5) 12 cases (1 case is overlapped with one of the 3rd type) where the relationship between daughter and father is very close. The analyses denies the dichotomy of instrumental and expressive fatherhood, and the theories of "New Men" with expressive fatherhood who appeared as a result of social change and feminist movement. It also shows the various aspects of expressive fatherhood, and that close relationship between father and daughter plays an important role for the empowerment of daughter.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.45-79
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand surrogate mother aged 20-30s by knowing meaning and structure of empirical phenomena. Methods is to applied to Phenomenological and heuristic Human Becoming Methodology, and the subjects of this study are four surrogate and host mothers who were on the air of SBS program, 'surrogate mother: having a baby for infertile couples(March 8, 2005)', and phenomenological and heuristic Human Becoming Methodology of Parse is applied in this study. Results is the structure that they chose surrogate mother as best option under the economic suffering, and pregnancy and bearing separated motherhood while facing unfair negotiating relationship and accepting reality of forgettable motherhood. The conceptual integration of relationship issues were: valuing, powering and transforming with the process of revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting. Finally, discussion and practical meaning was reviewed.