• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who have abandoned their additional birth plans since their first child was born. Methods: During in-depth interviews, mothers were asked to recall their own experiences of motherhood. The interview data were analyzed using the grounded theory. Results: The central phenomenon was 'The burden of raising a child is too heavy for mothers to carry alone.' The causal conditions were 'First experience: Unpredictable life', 'Physical and psychological difficulty', and 'Spouse's absence.' The contextual conditions were 'Expectations and reality of parenting' and 'Workplace conditions.' The mothers used interaction strategies of 'Defusing conflict only on a surface level: Giving up', 'Reliance on grandmothers', and 'Downgrading career aspirations.' These strategies were mediated by intervening conditions, 'Stereotypes and experiences of non-family nanny', 'Child's development', and 'Family conflict.' The results were 'Endless guilt', 'Ambivalence between independence versus interdependence' and 'Unfairness: Why only me?' Finally, the process of psychological conflict was identified to account for the steps leading mothers to give up on their birth plans. Conclusion/Implications: During the first experience of motherhood, mothers' conflict gets escalated despite their struggles. These experiences might discourage their additional birth plans. These results provide implications for policies to increase fertility rates.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing maternal identity of Korean primiparas. Methods: The data were collected by a self-report questionnaire in 2006. The participants were 210 healthy primiparous women who delivered at one of three medical centers and revisited the outpatient department for follow up between 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 17.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Maternal identity was significantly correlated with Taekyo accomplishment, the culturally based prenatal preparation (p<.001). Transitional gratification to motherhood (p<.001), postpartum depression (p<.001), childcare stress (p<.001), infant temperament (p<.001), and social support (p<.001) were also significantly correlated with maternal identity. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that maternal identity was significantly predicted by transitional gratification to motherhood, infant temperament, childcare stress, and Taekyo accomplishment. These variables explained 31.0% of the variance of maternal identity. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that postpartum nursing interventions to promote maternal identity should focus on reinforcing education and support for reducing childcare stress and infant difficulty, and increasing transitional gratification to motherhood. Also, prenatal encouragement and education for improving Taekyo accomplishment may be helpful to promote maternal identity after birth.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2022

The review of known methods and decision support systems regarding the possibility of using the reproductive technologies showed that currently there are no methods and decision support systems regarding the possibility of using reproductive technologies taking into account civil law. Although the analyzed methods and systems have great potential for use in different contexts, these methods and systems do not take into account the civil law requirements of any country. The paper has developed a decision support system regarding the possibility of using the reproductive technologies taking into account civil law, which automatically and free of charge determines the possibility/impossibility of surrogate motherhood or in vitro fertilization. If it is determined that surrogate motherhood or in vitro fertilization is impossible, the sufficiency of the information in the analyzed contract is evaluated, and the reasons for the impossibility of surrogate motherhood or in vitro fertilization are presented to the user.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to develop a structural model for predicting motherhood in women with her first infant child and to contribute to the development of practical and specific nursing interventions to promote successful motherhood. Methods: The subjects of the study were 211 mothers and fathers who had their first child within 12 months and consented to the study. Data collected from June 2, 2022 to January 31, 2023 were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 26.0 programs. Results: The results of this analysis showed that maternal and paternal factors (postpartum depression and paternal attachment) and infantile factor (temperament) influenced the process of becoming a mother for a women with her first child, with postpartum depression being the most influential factor. Conclusion: In order to increase the level of motherhood, it is important to prevent postpartum depression and create a nurturing environment for mothers, and social system support and psychological nursing intervention strategies are necessary.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.53-78
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• 2013

이 연구는 미혼모가 경험한 입양결정 과정의 전반적 의미를 이해하고자 Rennie가 제안한 해석학적 근거이론의 방법을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 191개 의미단위, 46개 하위범주, 11개 해석학적 범주가 구성되었고, 연구 참여자들의 입양결정 과정을 관통하는 핵심범주는 '모성의 밀어냄과 끌어안음의 이중성 속에 새겨진 흔적안고 살아가기'로 상정되었다. 미혼모들의 입양결정 과정은 임신 인지, 현실 회피, 입양 탐색, 혼란 증폭, 결단, 합리화 혹은 상실의 단계로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 미혼모의 입양결정 과정은 모성 실현의 또 다른 방식이 될 수도 있다는 점, 이들의 삶의 질을 제고할 수 있는 심리사회적 지지프로그램의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.157-173
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• 1992

The purposes of study were to investigate the prenatal psychological adaptation and the perception of birth experience, and to identify the relationship between them. The subjects consisted of 162 women who visited the obstetrical outpatient clinic for prenatal examinations and who delivered the in babies at SNUH during the period from June 20 to August 10, 1990. The tools used for measurement were Lederman's Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire and Marut & Mercer's scale of the Perception of Birth. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The orders and item means of psychosocial adaptation in pregnancy were the Acceptance of pregnancy(1.58). Identification of motherhood role(1.63). Relationship with husband(1.65) and Relationship with mother(1.67). The preparation for labor, concern for wellbeing of self and baby, and fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control were found to be less adaptive. 2. The level of the perception of the birth experience was mid-range(item mean : 3.22). The score of the perception of birth experience for primiparas was higher than for multiparas. However there was not a significant difference the groups. There were significant differences in the perception of the birth experience between certain general characteristics, namely, sex of the baby(p＜0.05), type of delivery(p＜0.005), and type of anesthesia(p＜0.005). 3. There were significant differences in the perception of the birth experience between the groups below the mean and above the mean of concerti for wellbeing of self and baby, Fear of pain, Helplessness and loss of control, Relationship with husband and Identification of motherhood role (p＜0.05). The perception of the birth experience was predicted by Fear of pain, Helplessness and loss of control (11%), Type of Delivery(6%), Concern for wellbeing of self and baby(3%), Preparation for labor(1%), sex of baby(1%), Relationship with mother(1%), Parity(1%) and Identification of motherhood role(1%). The Childbirth education should be revised to improve the psychosocial adaptation in pregnancy.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권45호
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• pp.345-366
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• 2016

"샬롯의 거미줄"은 주요 등장인물들이 모성성을 바탕으로 한 관계 맺기를 통해 서로를 성장시키면서 새로운 생명으로 이어지도록 돕는 이야기이다. 또한 삶과 죽음의 교차는 우리가 살아가는 세계의 법칙을 직접적이면서도 상징적으로 암시하고 있다. 이러한 작품의 분석을 위해 크리스테바의 기호계, 상징계, 코라의 개념을 차용하였다. 크리스테바는 기호계와 상징계의 변증법적 관계와 언어의 의미화 과정에 있는 주체의 사회적 상황과 관계들에 주목했다. 이에 이 작품에 등장하는 인물들의 특성을 상징적으로 크리스테바의 주요개념들과 연관시켜 이들이 어떻게 성장해 갔는지 분석하였다. 또한 주요 등장인물들의 관계의 바탕에 있는 모성성은 여성주의적인 관점에서 모든 생명에 대한 보호와 배려, 관심 등을 통해 상호 발전할 수 있는 사회적 관계 혹은 인간으로서 갖추어야할 미덕이라는 넓은 범위로 상정하였다. "샬롯의 거미줄"은 이러한 모성성을 바탕으로 하여 각각의 존재들이 가진 기호적 특성과 상징적 특성들이 서로 상호작용하면서 발전적인 변화를 이끌어내고, 풍부한 의미를 만들어내고 있음을 보여준다. 세상은 서로 대립적인 요소로서 배타적으로 구성되어 있는 것처럼 보이지만 그 요소들은 서로 결합되어 있으며, 그러한 요소들의 상호작용을 통해 얼마나 아름답고 조화로운 세계가 만들어지는지를 문학적으로 형상화하고 있다. 또한 주요 등장인물의 특성을 한 인간의 내면에 있는 두 가지 양상으로 간주하여 작품 전체적으로는 인간의 성장과정으로도 이해할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제43권
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• pp.95-122
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• 2015

본 논문은 문학의 보상성을 기초로 한다. 즉 기녀(妓女)와 기녀시조(妓女時調)를 대상으로 그들 집단이나 작품의 중심에 있는 애정의 문제를 문학의 보상성에 근거하여 파악해 보려는 것이다. 구체적으로는 기녀라는 집단의 특성에서 야기되는 모성(母性)의 억압과 이에 대한 보상의 관계에서 기녀시조를 조망하였다. 본격적인 논의에 앞서 여성과 모성의 관계를 고전시가 전반을 통하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 향가에서부터 고려속요, 규방가사와 개화기 가사 및 민요에 이르기까지 다양한 장르의 작품에서 모성이 발현되거나 모성을 주지로 삼고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 여성이면서도 여성의 지위를 온전히 획득할 수 없는 기녀들은 모성 표현의 기회를 상실했거나 억압하며 살 수 밖에 없는 처지였다. 이것은 기녀시조 창작에도 일정부분 영향을 미쳤을 텐데, 이러한 억압의 보상으로 말미암아 기녀시조는 몇 가지 특징을 지니게 된다. 억압의 보상이란 측면에서 봤을 때 기녀시조가 지니는 특성은 세 가지로 범주화 할 수 있다. 애절한 사랑의 헌신, 대담한 욕망의 표현, 재기발랄한 언어유희가 그것이다. 애절한 사랑의 헌신은 기녀시조에서 일반적으로 찾아볼 수 있는 모습으로, 현실에서의 애달픔으로 인해 그만큼 간절하게 사랑을 희구하는 것이다. 대담한 욕망의 표현은 사랑을 주지로 삼는다는 점에서는 전항과 일치하지만 전자가 소극적인데 반하여, 내재된 욕망의 대담함을 드러내며 적극성을 띈다는 점에서는 상반된다. 재기발랄한 언어유희는 수사적 표현과 관련되는 것인데, 중의적 표현이나 동음이의어가 여기에 포함된다. 요컨대 기녀집단에게 모성의 억압은 발분(發憤)의 계기가 되었을 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 그래서 사대부의 유배체험이 유배문학으로 발전하였듯이 이 또한 기녀시조의 발전에 일조하였을 것이라고 본다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.617-629
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify and explain the essences and structures of maternal conflicts in Vietnamese married immigrant women in Korea. Methods: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Eleven Vietnamese married immigrant women participated in the study. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results: Four categories, 10 clusters and 26 themes emerged from the data for the experience in maternal conflicts of Vietnamese married immigrant women. The four categories were 'An unprepared young motherhood in another culture', 'Feeling left out of the mother's place along the bands of Nap tai tradition', 'My image is like not-being able to stand alone/be independent' and 'Finding hope in motherhood despite of conflicts and stigmas'. Conclusion: Vietnamese married immigrant women experienced not only the negative aspects but also sublimation of maternal conflicts. Based on the results, health professionals need to develop effective nursing interventions toward a positive maternal identity and approach with interculturalism for the Vietnamese married immigrant women in Korea.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was done to explore the pregnant women's decision-making process about their infants feeding method. Data collection involved the in-depth unstructured interviews with 12 participants from January 1998 to January 1999. Data analysis was done by the grounded theory method. The 112 concepts, 29 sub-categories were confirmed in the analysis. The sub-categories were again grouped into 14 categories: expectation, situational condition, inevitability of breast-feeding, social recognition, self-awareness as mother, harmony, consideration, pursuit of ease, effect of external environments, lack of knowledge, hardening, the best choice, control, and bargain. " Adjustment through recognizing of motherhood" was the key category that was related to all categories. "Adjustment through recognizing of motherhood" was a process in which the mother became aware of mothering and sharing, and in which she considered herself or infant's needs and their priorities. This research will help nurse to understand mother's needs better. Therefore, nurse will be able to assist mother making the best decision for herself and her infant.