• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2007

Background and Objectives: There are few studies reported that specifically examine the phonetic characteristics and voice handicap index (VHI) in patients with Allergic Rhinitis. This study was designed to examine phonetic characteristics and VHI in adult patients with allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-two male patients diagnosed as allergic rhinitis were given skin-prick test and others, aged from 20 to 56 years, and were compared with a 16 male control group with no pathology and in the same age group. The VHI was used to measure the changes of patient's perception. Acoustic and aerodynamic analysis test were done, and a nasalance test performed to measure rabbit, baby, and mother passage. Acoustic rhionometry (AR) was performed to evaluate nasal volume and nasal crosssectional area. Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t-test. Results: VHI showed significantly different score in the studied group, higher than that of control group. AR graph showed that there was no significant differences of nasal volume and nasal cross-sectional area. The Shimmer and SFF value in the group of allergic patients were higher than in the control group. MPT value in the group of allergic patients was lower than in the control group. Nasalance in allergic patients showed hypernasality all passage. Conclusion: We suggest that patients with allergic rhinitis have considerable voice problems. Most of them have hypernasality, which may be a compensatory mechanism by nasal obstruction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.225-236
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• 2009

This study attempted to implement fundamental data to understand the relationship between self esteem and stress-coping strategies of current students in health related colleges for the development of a program related to school life and guidance. This study involved 244 willfully participating college students from six health related colleges in the Honam area. Data from self administered questionnaires regarding self esteem and stress-coping strategies were collected from November 1 to December 21, 2008. The results of the study showed self esteem was high when general characteristics of religion and a very harmonious relationship with classmates were present. Higher usage of active stress-coping strategies occurred as the year in college and mother's education increased. Active implementation of passive stress-coping strategies were used when religion and residing in rural areas were present. Self esteem was higher as active stress coping strategies (i.e. problem focus and social support) improved. As passive stress-coping strategies (i.e. emotional relief and desire management) improved so did self esteem. By and large as stress-coping strategies increased for college students so did self esteem. As a result, as we search for stress-coping strategies pertaining to studies, practices, and future employment of college students, preparation of a regular course of study that includes curriculum, which increases self esteem should be made. Also consideration should be given to programs that promote relations between students and students and their advising professors.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.54
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• pp.7-39
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• 2016

This study aimed at examining the effects of the environmental aspects of work-family role conflict on child-rearing attitudes of working mothers. To accomplish study purpose, 267 working mothers were asked to fill out the survey questionnaires. The research results were as follows. First with regards to the effects of both direction of work-family role conflict on child-rearing attitudes of working mothers: the work interference with family conflict was negatively related to affectionate child-rearing attitudes of working mothers; the work interference with family conflict was positively related to rejection child-rearing attitudes and control child-rearing attitudes of working mothers; and the family interference with work conflict was negatively related to autonomic child-rearing attitudes of working mothers. Second, in terms of the effects of the three types of work-family role conflict on child-rearing attitudes of working mothers: the work family strain-based conflict was negatively related to affectionate child-rearing attitudes of working mothers; the work family strain-based conflict was positively related to rejection child-rearing attitudes and control child-rearing attitudes of working mothers; and the family work strain-based conflict was negatively related to affectionate child-rearing attitudes and autonomic child-rearing attitudes of working mothers. Based on these results, suggestions and implications were provided.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.71-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of the family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and the elderly women by examining the experience of grandmothers who refused to support raising their grandchildren. The researcher focused on grandmothers who have been in charge of caring the family in the main and tried to explore the reasons for their decision not to take care of their grandchildren. For the purpose, Research participants were seven elderly women who have refused raising of their grand-children. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed based on the phenomenological method. As results, it turned out that the elderly women refused caring of their grandchildren due to the burden of parenting and the rejection of an extended mother role, and the fear of family conflicts, but they felt sorry about their refusal of a request for caring support from their adult children. Second. these decisions caused various dynamics of the family members, and they were experiencing psychological difficulties. Third, elderly women perceived raising of grandchildren as a task of adult children or a problem for which the society should be accountable, and felt that the family and the society have shifted the responsibility to them. This research result confirms that a new generation of the elderly women have emerged who have different viewpoints on caregiving. It also presents a necessity to reflect the viewpoints of elderly who are mainly concerned when establishing a policy of caregiving. Based on this finding, this study also presents implications regarding support for family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and support for the elderly women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.711-720
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the general health behaviors of elementary school children in single- and two-parent families and to identify factors affecting health behavior. The study subjects were 1,023 students attending S elementary school in G province. Data was collected from March 5, 2018 to March 16, 2018. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS/WIN Ver. 22.0. The results of children with a single-parent mother were significantly different for 'regular breakfast' (p=.015) and 'counseling with homeroom teachers' (p=.019), and the results of children with a single-parent father were significantly different for 'wash hands before going out and before meals' (p=.035), 'someone you can talk to when you are worried' (p=.005), and 'often lonely and depressed' (p=.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with single-parent families were 7.670 times more likely to seek 'counseling with homeroom teachers' than children with two-parent families (p=.011). The results of this study provide basic data on the health behaviors of elementary school students with single-parent families.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.413-438
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• 2009

Tourism is an attractive field of industry to many countries due to its strong potentials in increasing employment rates as well as improving the national image. The positive effect of the tourism on the national economy and globalization has been recognized in Korea. A multilateral effort has been made in order to develop its tourist industry. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the patterns of tourism demand in Korea. The present study analyzes and demonstrates the effects of a nation's characteristics on tourism demand. The study model was based on factors that affected tourism demand, especially emphasizing on the economic size, distance, national income, and language differences from the mother country. In particular, this study highlights the effects of economic relations between the countries and their exchange rate on tourism demand. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that actual national and international panel data enhance the credibility of the research and precisely determine factors that have a direct influence on tourism demand. A corresponding strategy of development and products are required as most tourists show the preference in advanced nations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate about the effects of parental rearing behavior on self-esteem and gender role stereotype during adolescence and to reveal the mediating effect of self-esteem on adolescents' gender role strerotype. Also investigated the relationship among these variables and condition variables. For this purpose, used the Second Grade longitudianl Panel data of Middle School from the Korea Youth Panel Survay(KYPS). And the latent growth model was analyzed 3,449 men and women adolescents' cases of the first, the fourth and the sixth wave of the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) administered by Korea Institute for Youth development. And the structural equation model was used to investigate whether self-esteem mediates parental rearing behavior and male and female gender role Strerotype. The results of this study, the direct effect between variable factors showed that the more positive the parenting behavior of the second grader of middle school is, the more positive the self-esteem of male adolescents and the initial value of stereotypes of male gender role. It also affects the self-esteem of female adolescents and stereotypes of female gender roles but not statistically significant. The male gender role stereotypes were decreased in influence by the rate of change of parental rearing behaviors, and the initial value and the rate of change of self-esteem were statistically influenced to the male gender role stereotypes and the higher the self-esteem, the higher the self-esteem. However, there was no significant effect on stereotypes of female gender roles. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of self-esteem, partially mediated between the initial value of parental rearing behavior and initial stereotype of male gender role, but there was no longitudinal mediation effect. There was no mediating effect of self-esteem between parental rearing behaviors and stereotypes of female gender roles and there was no longitudinal mediation effect. The effect of condition variable gender was found that female adolescents are more affected by paretal rearing behavior than male adolescents and also affected by the growth process. The monthly income of households influenced the initial value of parental rearing behaviors and showed a difference in parental rearing behavior according to household income. And the higher the mother 's educational level, the more the self-esteem of male adolescents was affected.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of mothers' parenting belief on the types of discipline methods. Methods: For this study, questionnaires were distributed to 219 mothers of 3~5 year old children who live in Seoul and Gyeonggido. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistic, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted by using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: Firstly, the highest parenting belief of young children's mothers was found to be problem-solving ability. And they used mostly the discipline of logical explanation. Secondly, there were positive correlations between parenting beliefs of problem-solving ability and creativity ability and the discipline of logical explanations. Thirdly, the parenting beliefs of problem-solving ability and creative ability were found to positively influence on logical explanations whereas it negatively influenced on the discipline of neglect and the forced punishment. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study imply that the parenting belief affect on the types of discipline method and the mothers need education for the parenting belief of problem-solving ability and creative ability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.237-245
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the effects of baby care using dolls on nursing students' contraceptive attitude, sexual attitude, and recognition of unmarried mothers. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects of the study were 104 nursing college students who agreed to participate. The control group (n=52) received lecture sex education while the experimental group (n=52) received lecture sex education and baby care education using a doll. The contraceptive attitude, sexual attitude, and unmarried mother's recognition were then examined. Data were collected from September to December, 2017 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-tests, and t-tests with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. The scores of contraceptive attitude differed significantly between the experimental group and the control group (t=4.66, p=<0.001). Additionally, the sexual attitude score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (t=-2.23, p=0.028), with pleasure playfulness showing a significant decrease (F=3.96, p=<0.001). However, recognition of unmarried mothers did not differ significantly between groups (t=-0.08, p=0.937). Overall, the results showed that baby care using a doll has positive effects on contraceptive attitude and sexual attitude. In the future, effective sex education should include methods that complement lectures.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.53-80
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual awareness variables influencing emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions of unmarried men and women. Independent variables were values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, perceptions and availabilities of marriage-related policies, views on the marriageable age, psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by significant people, and views on parents' support for marriage fund. Method: 553 unmarried men and women in Daegu, Korea were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: First, this study was more exploratory and in-depth approach to marriage intentions than precedent studies. The sub factors of marriage intentions were emotional, normative, and functional marriage ones. Second, emotional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage personally or by friends influenced emotional marriage intention. Third, normative marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, religion, occupational status, employment condition, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perception to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, view on the marriageable age, availabilities of marriage-related information offering policies, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by mother influenced normative marriage intention. Fourth, functional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, job, parents' support for marriage fund, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, functional marriage intention was influenced by values of offspring, perception about unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual awareness variables influenced on marriage intentions. Especially, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried, and attitudes toward multiple role planning influenced on emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions in common. Conclusions: The findings from these analyses suggest that the selective process based on the individual awareness has become very significant to having marriage intentions. Therefore, this study will contribute as the basic data on national marriage-related policies. Furthermore, this study will be able to use to think about the marriage intention as a task to be preceded by the national policy in order to prepare for Korea 's low fertility and aging phenomenon.