• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

Mothers are a powerful consumer force in the children clothing market, and somatotype plays an crucial role on their evaluation of clothing and decision to purchase. It is therefore essential to identify the roles of mother's somatotype & somatotype cognition in relation to purchasing of children clothing. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mother’s actual somatotype & somatotype cognition on their children’s clothing evaluative criteria. In order to compare the clothing evaluative criteria of the groups and among the groups by mother’s somatotypes at the point of children’s clothing purchases, mother’s actual somatotype & somatotype cognition of their self and their children were adopted as variables. Total usable questionnaires were obtained from 147 middle-aged mothers of students aged between 10 & 13. Results indicated that practical, commodity & symbolic dimensions of children’s clothing evaluative criteria were used differently by each group to decide on purchase of clothing for thin, moderate & heavy children. This study provides important commercial information about mother’s actual somatotype & somatotype cognition related to their children’s clothing evaluative criteria, and as such can be used strategically to the effective communication with consumers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1105-1114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of income and emotional closeness with father/mother on middle and high school-adolescent's alienation The subjects were 327 middle and high school students who lived with two-parent in Keoungbok and whose household income was lower \4,000,000. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression(using SPSS 12.1). Major findings were as follows: 1) Middle and high school students's alienation was difference. The level of the high school adolescent's alienation was higher than the middle school adolescent's alienation. 2) Middle and high school students's alienation was differed by level of income and emotional closeness with father/mother. The lower level of income and emotional closeness with father/mother, the higher level of adolescent's alienation. 3) Among the income, emotional closeness with father/mother, the income was more influential predictor on high school-adolescent's alienation. But the income was not a significant predictor of middle school-adolescent's alienation. emotional closeness with father was more influential predictor on middle school-adolescent's alienation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.523-534
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• 2009

This study examined the mediating role of representation of peers on the relations between children's representation of mother and social competence. Subjects were 547 elementary school children. Baron and Kenny's model (1986) was used to investigate mediating effects. Results were (1) there were no differences in the representation of mother by gender. Girls had more positive representation of peers than boys. (2) Girls' representation of mother had more influence on social competence than boys'. (3) Girls' representation of peers had more influence on social competence than boys'. (4) Representation of peers mediated relations between representation of mother and social competence. Girls' representation of peers had more mediating effect than boys'.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2000

This study investigated the effects of personal (gender, school grade and causal attribution for success and failure) and environmental (mother's evaluation of their children and mother's efficacy) variables on children's perceived competence. The subjects were 595 fourth and sixth graders and their mothers selected from 3 elementary schools in Pusan. Children's perceived competence was studied under 3 categories : scholastic, social, and athletic competence. Data were analyzed by SAS/PC+ program. Internal attribution for the success had a positive influence on perceived competence while internal attribution for failure had a negative influence on perceived competence. Mother's evaluation of their children had a stronger influence on perceived competence than mother's efficacy. Mother's evaluation of their children was the most influential variable in all 3 categories of competence while secondary and tertiary variables varied by internal attribution for success or failure and by gender.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare mother's caring-confidence, between primipara perception of the newborn, and child-rearing attitude and multipara. Method: The data was collected from 159 married mothers of newborns in the post-partum care center using self-rating questionnaires from November, 2003 to March, 2004. Data was analyzed using SPSS/Win program by t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean score of mother's perception of the newborn, the newborn caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43. 2) The score of the newborn caring-confidence of multipara was greater significantly than the one of primapara. 3) The score of mother's perception of tile newborn and child-rearing attitude of primapara were greater than the one of multipara but there were no significant differences. 4) There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of the newborn and child-rearing attitude and significant correlation between caring-confidence and child-rearing attitude. 5) The score of mother's perception of the newborn was significantly different according to the level of education type of family and delivery planned. 6) The score of caring-confidence was significantly different according to the helper, the history of delivery. 7) The score of child-rearing attitude was significantly difference according to the level of education and the birth weight of newborn. Conclusion: When the newborn care giver in the postpartum care setting is teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of the rearing experience of mothers. Mother's perception of the newborn, caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude should be considered to develop the effective education program for mothers who have newborn. And its educational contents must be focused on the promotion of trust between infant and mother.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2007

Purpose: Assessment of stress and coping effort of hospitalized children's mother are very important factor to support and recover the children. The purpose of this study was to identify the stress and coping effort in mothers whose children are hospitalized. And analyzes the correlation between mother's stress and coping effort on the hospitalized children. Method: This study surveyed 70 mothers whose children are hospitalized. The data was collected for this study at one university hospital in Daejeon from June 1,2007 to July 10, 2007. The instruments used in this study were the mother's stress scale which was developed by Ok-Nam, You(1998), modified by Ho-Jin, Mun(2001), and the mother's coping effort were measured with the Coping Health Inventory for Parents(CHIP) developed by McCubbin and Patterson(1981). The data was analyzed by using SPSS program and include ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation. Result: The mother's stress was average 2.42 out of a possible 4 points. Type of coping effort was in order of type III(cope with it by understanding medical circumstances)(M=2.73), type I(Cope with it through positive definition)(M=2.43), type II (cope with it by maintaining psychological stability)(M=2.28). Total coping effort according to general character of mothers whose children are hospitalized showed a significant difference in occupation(P<.05). Correlations between mother's stress and total coping effort was r=-.361(P<.05). Conclusion: This study based on nursing of stress and coping effort of hospitalized children's mothers. Pediatric nurses need to establish a stronger communication board and a relationship between medical staff and children's parents so that have supportive information. And to establish a support program that strengthens the coping effort of hospitalized children's mothers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identified patterns and trend of studies and to analyzed the nursing research related to the mother-child interaction in Korea and to improve direction of nursing research in mother-child interaction in Korea. Method: The research studies related to the mother-child interaction were selected from the Korean Nurses Academic Society Journal, and from dissertation, which were conducted between 1961 and 2002 with the consideration of the condition and the cultural specialty of Korea. The total numbers of the studies were 34. These studies were classified according to 1)time of publication or presentation, 2)research design, 3)type of interaction objects, 4)measurement tool, and 5)chief content of studies. Ressult: 1) Until 1984, there was no research studies related to mother-child interaction. The number of studies on the mother-child interaction on the mother-child interaction has been increased rapidly after 1985. The mother-child interaction studies were 13(38.2％) from the doctoral dissertation, 4(11.8％) from the Master's theses and 17(50％) other papers were published in academic journals. 2) Experimental studies of research design was used in these research studies was 13(38.2％). Descriptive studies was 8(23.6％), correlational studies was 4(11.8％) and comparative studies was 4(11.8％). Qualitative study was just one(2.9％) and literature review was 4(11.8％). Especially experimental studies has been increased. 3) Participants of these studies were mother and infant 29(85.5％), father and infant 2(5.9％), mother and fetus 2(5.9％) and nurse and infant 1(2.9％) 4) Utilization of instruments as follows: 13 studies used Walker et al(1986)'s MIPIS (Mother-Infant Play Interaction Scale), 6 studies used Barnard(1978)'s NCAFS (Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale), 4 studies used NCATS(Nursing child Assessment Teaching Scale) for assessing mother-infant interaction. 3 studies used Stainton(1981)'s Parent-Infant Interaction Scale. Choi(1987), Kim(1999) and Kim and Son(1997) used measurement tool researcher made which was modified from NCATS (Nursing child Assessment Teaching Scale) and AMIS(Assessment of Mother-Infant Sensitivity Scale). Other tools used to survey influencing factors of interaction. 5) Content of the research studies were classified 3 different types, such as ① studies about the mother-child interactions' pattern, ② studies about influencing factors of the mother-child interaction, ③ studies about effect of nursing intervention program to improve the mother-child interaction. Conclusion: Therefore we make following suggestions which are made based on the above research analysis : 1) In the future research studies need to compare with other area of discipline in mother-child interaction. 2) More attention and in depth research is needed to validate in terms of research design and statistical data analysis. 3) It is important to develop the instruments which is culturally acceptable in Korea society. 4) The results of correlational studies and experimental studies needs to the integrated by meta analysis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.165-177
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of child's general property, mother's social and economic property, mother's knowledge and behavior in oral hygiene upon the appearance and treatment of child's primary tooth decay. For the purpose, oral examination was applied to one hundred three(103) small children who were at the age between four(4) and seven(7) and went to two(2) places of day care centers located in Seoul, and questionnaire was done to their mothers. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The number of children's dt is 1.55, the number of their ft is 1.42, dft index for primary tooth is 2,98, ft rate is 45.61%, and the higher child's age is, the higher their value is. 2. Mother's age, educational background, and occupation does not show significant difference with dft index for primary tooth. The higher mother's monthly average income is, the higher child's ft rate is. 3. dft index for primary tooth does not show significant difference according 10 mother's knowledge in oral hygiene. And, the child of mother using dental floss does show higher it rate in comparison with the one of mother who does not use dental floss, 4. Experience using dental clinic to treatment tooth decay does show significant difference with dft index for primary tooth. And experience using dental clinic for the purpose of oral examination and preventive treatment does show significant difference with ft rate. 5. From the result of multiple regression with dependent variable of dft index for primary tooth, there is no variable having significant influence. From the result of multiple regression with dependent variable of ft rate, explanatory variable is 43%, child's age, mother's occupation, mother's monthly average income, and experience using dental clinic to prevent tooth decay are significant explanatory elements. Through the above results, we can know that mother should practice positive behavior in oral hygiene for child to improve oral health. Under the reason, oral health education should be applied toward mothers as soon as possible, and governmental support should be followed so that mothers can participate in the education.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between children's private speech during the individual session and maternal scaffolding during mother-child session. Subjects were twenty 3-year-old children and twenty 5-year-old children and their mothers recruited from day-care centers in Seoul. Mother-child interaction was videotaped for 15 minutes and maternal utterances were transcribed for analysis maternal scaffolding. Individual session of child after 3-5days was videotaped for 15 minutes and children's utterance was transcribed. Subcategories of maternal scaffolding were significantly related with children's private speech during individual session. There did appear to be an age difference in this relationship. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 3-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, praise strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 5-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, teaching strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In maternal physical control strategy, withdrawal of mother physical control the maze task over time was significantly related with children's private speech. Withdrawal of mother physical control 5-year-old's physical performance was significantly related with children's private speech.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.392-400
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influences of child-rearing attitude and parent-school age communication on self-efficacy of 5th and 6th graders. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires from 460 5th and 6th graders in S city. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN program. Results: There were significant differences in child-rearing attitude according to gender, mother's level of education, perceived atmosphere and religion. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with school record, family income, mother's level of education, father's level of education, and perceived atmosphere. There were significant differences in communication with father according to father's level of education, and perceived atmosphere. Communication with mother was significantly correlated with father's level of education, mother's level of education and perceived atmosphere. The relative influence toward the children's self-efficacy shown in the order of importance was as follows; child-rearing attitude, school record, communication with mother, communication with father, father's level of education, family income. Conclusion: From the study, self-efficacy appears to be influenced by multiple factors such as child-rearing attitude, school record, communication with mother, communication with father, father's level of education, and family income.