• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1453-1463
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• 2021

Feeding is the most important behavior that represents the health and welfare of weanling pigs. The early detection of feed refusal is crucial for the control of disease in the initial stages and the detection of empty feeders for adding feed in a timely manner. This paper proposes a real-time technique for the detection and recognition of small pigs using a deep-leaning-based method. The proposed model focuses on detecting pigs on a feeder in a feeding position. Conventional methods detect pigs and then classify them into different behavior gestures. In contrast, in the proposed method, these two tasks are combined into a single process to detect only feeding behavior to increase the speed of detection. Considering the significant differences between pig behaviors at different sizes, adaptive adjustments are introduced into a you-only-look-once (YOLO) model, including an angle optimization strategy between the head and body for detecting a head in a feeder. According to experimental results, this method can detect the feeding behavior of pigs and screen non-feeding positions with 95.66%, 94.22%, and 96.56% average precision (AP) at an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and an additional layer and with the proposed activation function, respectively. Drinking behavior was detected with 86.86%, 89.16%, and 86.41% AP at a 0.5 IoU threshold for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and the proposed activation function, respectively. In terms of detection and classification, the results of our study demonstrate that the proposed method yields higher precision and recall compared to conventional methods.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of denim pants preferred by Korean women in their 20's through the analysis of the sensory test(appearance) and garment space length. Four kinds of ready-made denim pants of national and licensed brand on sale in Korea were used as the experimental garment. The results were as follows: 1. The significant difference among brands were found in the appropriateness of ease in the part of waist belt(front), knee (front), ankle(back) and the total silhouette. 2. In the analysis of garment space length. the significant difference among brands was shown in waist belt part $(FL60^{\circ})$, hip $(FL0^{\circ},\;FL30^{\circ})$, crotch(SRR) and knee(BR60^{\circ}). However, total average was not significant difference. 3. According to analysis of pattern size, the brand N was out of balance in crotch depth and girth. by which it can be said that N got the lowest score in sensory test (appearance). On the other hand, Brand GU was large in circumference with short crotch length. 4. Therefore, the most preferred denim pants pattern of Korean women in their 20's was fit in waist belt. hip. crotch circumference and a little bit tight in crotch depth and length. As the design was limited as straight style. more design and brands must be included for future study.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 웨이브릿 변환 영역에서의 프랙탈을 이용한 효율적인 MR 영상의 압축 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 이산 웨이브릿 변환 계수의 절대값으로 유효 계수 트리를 구성하고 에너지가 높은 유효 계수의 정보를 이용하여 프랙탈 영상 압축을 수행한다. MR 영상의 경우 배경 부분을 비롯하여 대부분이 낮은 화소값을 가지므로 유효 계수의 수가 작게 나와 결과적으로 압축율이 높아진다. 또한 웨이브릿 변환 영역에서의 프랙탈을 이용하기 때문에 다른 압축 방법에 비해 블록화 현상이 생기지 않고 인간의 시각에 민감한 에지를 잘 복원하는 우수한 화질의 영상을 얻을 수 있다. 제안한 방법을 MR 영상에 적용하여 성능을 평가한 결과 0.33 [bpp] 이하의 낮은 비트율에서 기존의 JPEG 압축방법보다 복원 화질이 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

The most important factor in the structural design of ships and offshore structures operating in arctic region is ice load, which results from ice-structure interaction during the ice collision process. The mechanical properties of ice related to strength and failure, however, show very complicated aspect varying with temperature, volume fraction of brine, grain size, strain rate and etc. So it is nearly impossible to establish a perfect material model of ice satisfying all the mechanical characteristics completely. Therefore, in general, ice collision analysis was carried out by relatively simple material models considering only specific aspects of mechanical characteristics of ice and it would be the most significant cause of inevitable errors in the analysis. Especially, it is well-known that the most distinctive mechanical property of ice is high dependency on strain rate. Ice shows brittle attribute in higher strain rate while it becomes ductile in lower strain rate range. In this study, the simulation method of ice collision to ship hull using the nonlinear dynamic FE analysis was dealt with. To consider the strain rate effects of ice during ice-structural interaction, strain rate dependent constitutive model in which yield stress and hardening behaviors vary with strain rate was adopted. To reduce the huge amount of computing time, the modeling range of ice and ship structure were restricted to the confined region of interest. Under the various scenario of ice-ship hull collision, the structural behavior of hull panels and failure modes of ice were examined by nonlinear FE analysis technique.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.810-820
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• 2001

전통적인 이진 가산기는 최상위 비트까지 올림수 전달이 발생하고 직렬가산을 수행한다. 그러나, 변형부호화자리수 체계를 이용한 광가산기는 이진 가산기에서 발생하는 연속적인 올림수 전달을 제한하도록 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 9가지 부호화된 입력 패턴 중에서 동일한 가산 결과를 가지는 패턴을 동일군으로 하여 5개의 기준패턴으로 만들어 기호치환 규칙수를 줄였다. 또한 결합공간부호화된 입력 패턴과 마스크의 직렬연결로 기존의 기호치환 가산기의 인식 단계에서 필요한 어떤 공간적인 연산없이 인식하여 시스템의 크기를 줄였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2008

환자의 신변보호를 위하여 의료 영상에 비인가 된 사용자의 접근을 제한하는 것은 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 의료 영상의 접근 제어를 위한 관심 영역(ROI, Region of Interest) 기반의 선택적 암호 기법들을 제안한다. 첫 번째 제안 기법은 웨이블릿 서브밴드들 중 관심영역에 속한 계수의 비트를 랜덤하게 변경하여 암호화를 수행하며, 이미지의 압축과 암호화가 동시에 수행되고 암호화로 인한 압축률에 대한 손실이 적은 특징을 가진다. 두 번째 제안 기법은 안전성의 향상을 위하여 압축된 코드스트림의 관심 영역에 대칭키 기반 암호 알고리즘을 적용하며, 암호화 과정에서 압축률에 영향을 미치지 않는 특징이 있다. 또한 제안 기법들은 JPEG2000의 코드스트림 표준 디코더와 호환성을 제공한다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.102-116
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• 2008

The most widely used models to study the quality of service are the SERVQUAL and SERVPERF models that measure service mechanisms. This paper is to estimate service efficiency and consistency for Retail Industry. We tried to measure the service quality and overall satisfaction by using DEA and PCI, degree of combination and top2box which is a little bit different methodology from traditional ones. Rather than using the usual method of converting the service quality index by mean value, the Service Efficiency Index(SEI) and Service Quality Consistency Index(SQCI) are used to measure the efficiency and consistency level, which in turn can be used as the new service quality indices. The result of SEI and SQCI show the efficiency frontier in retail industry that 6 DMUs are analyzed relative efficient DMUs, 12DMUs are inefficient DMUs and retail Industry consistency level appeared low(0.35-0.47) Also, there is a significant difference in terms of efficiency and consistency in the each retail industry. Finally, we showed the summarized result as the Effi-Con Matrix.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1817-1827
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• 2014

As a new type of wireless network, Ad hoc network does not depend on any pre-founded infrastructure, and it has no centralized control unit. The computation and transmission capability of each node are limited. In this paper, a self-updating one-time password mutual authentication protocol for Ad hoc network is proposed. The most significant feature is that a hash chain can update by itself smoothly and securely through capturing the secure bit of the tip. The updating process does not need any additional protocol or re-initialization process and can be continued indefinitely to give rise to an infinite length hash chain, that is, the times of authentication is unlimited without reconstructing a new hash chain. Besides, two random variable are added into the messages interacted during the mutual authentication, enabling the protocol to resist man-in-the-middle attack. Also, the user's identity information is introduced into the seed of hash chain, so the scheme achieves anonymity and traceability at the same time.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.576-586
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• 2008

In most parallel loops of embedded applications, every iteration executes the exact same sequence of instructions while manipulating different data. This fact motivates a new compiler-hardware orchestrated execution framework in which all parallel threads share one fetch unit and one decode unit but have their own execution, memory, and write-back units. This resource sharing enables parallel threads to execute in lockstep with minimal hardware extension and compiler support. Our proposed architecture, called multithreaded lockstep execution processor (MLEP), is a compromise between the single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) and symmetric multithreading/chip multiprocessor (SMT/CMP) solutions. The proposed approach is more favorable than a typical SIMD execution in terms of degree of parallelism, range of applicability, and code generation, and can save more power and chip area than the SMT/CMP approach without significant performance degradation. For the architecture verification, we extend a commercial 32-bit embedded core AE32000C and synthesize it on Xilinx FPGA. Compared to the original architecture, our approach is 13.5% faster with a 2-way MLEP and 33.7% faster with a 4-way MLEP in EEMBC benchmarks which are automatically parallelized by the Intel compiler.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.409-425
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• 2014

Converging flows of a gas and a liquid at a microchannel cross junction, under proper conditions, can result in the formation of periodic, dispersed microslugs. This microslug formation phenomenon has been proposed as the basis for a fuel injection system in a novel, 'discrete' monopropellant microthruster designed for use in next-generation miniaturized satellites. Previous experimental studies demonstrated the ability to generate fuel slugs with characteristics commensurate with the intended application during steady-state operation. In this work, numerical and experimental techniques are used to study the effect of valve actuation on slug characteristics, and the results are used to compare with equivalent steady-state slugs. Computational simulations of a valve with a 1 ms valve-actuation cycle show that as the ratio of the response time of the valve to the fully open time is increased, transient effects can increase slug length by up to 17%. The simulations also demonstrate that the effect of the valve is largely independent of surface tension coefficient, which is the thermophysical parameter most responsible for slug formation characteristics. Flow visualization experiments performed using a miniature valve with a 20 ms response time showed less than a 1% change in the length of slugs formed during the actuation cycle. The results of this study indicate that impulse bit and thrust calculations can discount transient effects for slower valves, but as valve technology improves transient effects may become more significant.