• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2008

The embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming an important model organism for studies of early events in vertebrate development. Neural crest-derived pigment cell precursors of the embryonic zebrafish give rise to melanophores, xanthophores, and/or iridophores. Cell-signaling mechanisms related to the development of pigmentation and pigment pattern formation remain obscure. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with various signaling-related molecules - LiCl (an inositol-phosphatase inhibitor), forskolin (a protein kinase-A activator), a combination of LiCl/forskolin, and LiCl/heparin (an IP3 inhibitor) in order to identify the mechanisms involved in pigmentation. LiCl treatment resulted in ultrastructural and morphological alterations of melanophores. To identify the possible proteins responsible for this ultrastructural and morphological change, phosphorylation patterns in vitro and in vivo were analyzed. LiCl and LiCl/forskolin treatment elicited dramatic increases in the phosphorylation of a 55-kDa protein which was inhibited by heparin treatment. LiCl treatment also induced phosphorylation of a 55-kDa protein in melanophores purified from adult zebrafish. Collectively these results suggest that a LiCl-induced 55-kDa phosphoprotein plays a role in melanophore morphology and ultrastructure and ultimately effects gross pigmentation.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.53-55
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• 2014

The shade avoidance syndrome is a morphological and physiological response when plants are exposed to shade. Recent work in Arabidopsis had begun to define the molecular components of the shade avoidance syndrome in dicotyledonous model plant. However, little is known about the shade avoidance response networks in agriculturally important monocotyledon crops such as rice. Here, we found that the degree of bending at the lamina joint is inversely proportional to the R:FR ratio. To elucidate which phytochrome is involved in this response, we did lamina joint inclination assay with the rice phytochrome-deficient mutants (osphyA, osphyB, and osphyC) and the wild type plants. Whereas the osphyA and osphyC knockout mutants bent at the lamina joint in the far-red rich condition as the wild type plants, the osphyB knockout mutants no longer bent at the lamina joint in the far-red rich condition. These results suggest that PHYB acts as a sole photoreceptor in the lamina joint inclination response in rice.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2001

UBVI CCD photometry of open cluster NGC 2324 is presented. C-M diagrams of this cluster show well-defined main sequence with a red giant clump centered at B - V =1.05, V =13.45. We derived the major cluster characteristics; E(B - V)=0.17$\pm$0.12 from color-color diagram and mean color of red giant clump stars, (m - M)o=13.1$\pm$0.1 from zero age main sequence fitting, and [Fe/H]$\~$-0.32 from comparison the theoretical model developed by Bertelli et al. (1994) to the observed C-M diagrams. We estimate the age of NGC 2324 to be log t$\~$8.8 by applying isochrone fitting and morphological age index method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.134-135
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• 2003

The insect cuticle undergoes drastic morphological alterations during postembryonic development and is an extracellular structure composed mainly of chitin and proteins that are synthesized and secreted by epidermal cells. Cuticle proteins, the major components of insect integument, are recently being focused as a model fur studying the mechanisms of gene regulation during molting and metamorphosis. (omitted)

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.112-116
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 한-일 대화체 기계번역 시스템을 위한 대화체 모델을 제시한다. 이 대화체 모델에서는 구문분석과 의미분석을 거치지 않고 형태소 분석만을 이용하여 대화체 모델을 구현하였다. 대화체모델은 담화문으로부터 목표를 추출하는 GOAL DETECTOR, 추출된 목표에 맞는 플랜을 제시하는 PROPOSER, 제시된 플랜의 적합성 여부를 결정하는 PROJECTOR, 플랜의 실행 후 결과를 시스템의 환경에 반영하는 EXECUTOR 및 영역에 대한 지식을 표현하는 영역지식(Domain Knowledge)으로 구성이 된다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2010

A finger language helping hearing impaired people in communication A sign language helping hearing impaired people in communication is not popular to ordinary healthy people. In this paper, we propose a method for real-time sign language recognition from a vision system using color information and fuzzy clustering system. We use YCbCr color model and canny mask to decide the position of hands and the boundary lines. After extracting regions of two hands by applying 8-directional contour tracking algorithm and morphological information, the system uses FCM in classifying sign language signals. In experiment, the proposed method is proven to be sufficiently efficient.

• MALSORI
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• no.49
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• pp.107-121
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• 2004

In this paper, we describe a cross-morpheme pronunciation variation model which is especially useful for constructing morpheme-based pronunciation lexicon to improve the performance of a Korean LVCSR. There are a lot of pronunciation variations occurring at morpheme boundaries in continuous speech. Since phonemic context together with morphological category and morpheme boundary information affect Korean pronunciation variations, we have distinguished phonological rules that can be applied to phonemes in within-morpheme and cross-morpheme. The results of 33K-morpheme Korean CSR experiments show that an absolute reduction of 1.45% in WER from the baseline performance of 18.42% WER was achieved by modeling proposed pronunciation variations with a possible multiple context-dependent pronunciation lexicon.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 1998

Fifty isolates of myxobacteria were isolated from soils from several areas in Korea during 1996-1997 and bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungi of these isolates was examined. A myxobacterial isolate KR025 showed good antifungal activities against Pyricularia oryzae, Cryphonectria parasitica, Colletotrichum lagenarium, and C. gloeosporioides but did not against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium ultimum. The bacterium was identified as Myxococcus fulvus based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Antifungal substances were extracted from culture broth and bacterial cell of Myxococcus fulvus KR025 by ethyl acetate. Antifungal substance of Myxothiazole (100 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/ml) produced by Myxococcus fulvus KR 025 controlled 97.0% rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew and showed 45.0 and 82.6% disease control of rice sheath blight and cucumber gray model, respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

Beta-catenin (CTNNB1, catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) is involved in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and progression of metastasis. CTNNB1, as a multifunctional and oncogenic protein, has important roles in adhesion between Sertoli cells through an N-cadherin-dependent manner and in various cancer types through its over-activation. In addition, CTNNB1 can interact with estrogen/estrogen receptor alpha complex, which regulates the transcription of WNT (wingless-type MMTV integration site family)/CTNNB1 target genes. Recently, we investigated the functional roles and expression pattern of CTNNB1 during the morphological changes of embryonic gonads of chickens and the estrogen-dependent regulation of CTNNB1 in oviduct development and potential functions as a biomarker of CTNNB1 in human epithelial ovarian cancer using the chicken as a biological research model. Therefore, in this review, we provide a new insight of potential role of CTNNB1 in the development of the female reproductive tract during early embryogenesis and ovarian carcinogenesis of laying hen models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.237-240
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• 2011

띄어쓰기 오류는 한국어로 작성된 글에서 나타나는 가장 흔한 오류 중 하나로 문장의 의미적 모호성과 중의성을 가져온다. 규칙 기반 혹은 통계적접근 방법으로 띄어쓰기 오류를 교정하는다양한 방법이 제시되었으나, 기존의 방법들은 띄어쓰기를 형태소 분석의 전단계로 여기거나 띄어쓰기를 교정하기 위해서 형태소 분석을이용하는 등 각각을 독립된 과정으로 다루어, 한 과정에서 발생하는 오류가 다른 과정으로 전파되도록 하는 문제를 안고 있다. 본 논문에서는 띄어 쓰기와 최적 형태소 분석을 하나의 통합된 문제로 다루어각과정에서 발생할 수 있는 오류가 다른 과정에 영향을 주지 않도록 하고 상호 오류를 보완하여 좀더 정확한 띄어쓰기 오류 교정 및 형태소 분석을 가능하게 하는 확률적 접근 방법을 제시한다.