• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine whether the morphological features of the palatal rugae are associated with sex and age in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 300 diagnostic models of the palatal rugae of children and adolescents were collected. The models were classified into male and female and<13- and ≥13-year-old groups. The palatal rugae pattern, and the number and length of palatal rugae plicae, were analyzed. Results: The number of palatal rugae plicae was higher in females than in males, however, the difference was negligible. In the group aged 13 years or more, the number was higher in the male group on the left side. There was no association between the number of palatal rugae plicae and age group. The type I pattern was the most common in both males and females. The length of palatal rugae plicae was greater in males than in females. There was no association between the length of palatal rugae plicae and age group. Conclusions: The number and length of palatal rugae were associated with sex, but the morphological features of the palatal rugae could not distinguish between children and adolescents. These findings suggest that the palatal rugae have limited value for identification of individuals.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2001

본 연구는 황소개구리의 정소내 생식세포분화 단계와 정자변태과정중의 정자의 형태적 특징을 알아보기 위하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 황소개구리의 정자형성과정 중 생식세포는 제1정원세포, 제2정원세포, 제1정모세포, 제2정모세포 및 정자세포로 구성되어져 있으며, 이들 생식세포의 분화단계는 세포의 형태적 특정을 기초로 하여 총 8단계로 구분되어졌다. 제1정원세포를 제외한 정모세포발생 단계에서부터 이탈 전까지의 정자세포는 정낭내에 존재하고 있었다. 정자변태과정은 3단계로 구분되어졌다. 성숙기의 정자의 첨체는 낭상이고, 두부의 모양은 양끝이 가는 원통형이었으며, 꼬리는 단지 축사로만 구성되어져 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5112-5129
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• 2019

Image enhancement is a challenging problem in the field of image processing, especially low-light color images enhancement. This paper proposed a robust and comprehensive enhancement method based several points. First, the idea of bright channel is introduced to estimate the illumination map which is used to attain the enhancing result with Retinex model, and the color constancy is keep as well. Second, in order eliminate the illumination offsets wrongly estimated, morphological closing operation is used to modify the initial estimating illumination. Furthermore, in order to avoid fabricating edges, enlarged noises and over-smoothed visual features appearing in enhancing result, a multi-scale closing operation is used. At last, in order to avoiding the haloes and artifacts presented in enhancing result caused by gradient information lost in previous step, guided filtering is introduced to deal with previous result with guided image is initial bright channel. The proposed method can get good illumination map, and attain very effective enhancing results, including dark area is enhanced with more visual features, color natural and constancy, avoiding artifacts and over-enhanced, and eliminating Incorrect light offsets.

• 한국어학
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• 제72권
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• pp.257-282
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to research phonological and morphological features in Korean Voices from Berlin. The Korean Voices from Berlin was recorded in 1917 at Berlin by 5 Korean prisoners engaged in World War I, some of them came from North Hamgyeong Province, the others came from Pyeongan Province, therefore these data show a North Korean regional dialect. The data are composed of three materials, counting numbers, reciting scriptures and singing folksongs. The results of this research are as follows. 1) The consonant system of Korean voices is similar to standard Korean. The 19 consonants are classified according to 5 manners of articulations and 5 points of articulations. 2) The liquid /l/ has three allophones, [ɾ] appeared in an onset position, [l] in a word medial coda position or preceded by [l], [ɹ] in a word final coda position. 3) The vowel system of Korean voices is similar to early 20th Korean's. It has 8 monophthongs, /a, ʌ, o, u, ɯ, i, e, ${\varepsilon}$/. 4) The 1 to 10 numbers in Korean voices are similar to Middle-Korean numerals. 5) The genitive particle '/ɯi/의' is pronounced [i], [ɯ], [${\varepsilon}$], especially [ɯ] is appeared in Sino Korean. 6) The /l/-deletion of conjugations are similar to Middle-Korean, /l/ deletion always occurred, if [+cor] consonants are followed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

The variations of morphological features, density and biomass of vegetative shoots and characteristics of reproductive shoots of Zostera caespitosa were examined in Tongyeong, Korea. Morphological features such as leaf length, width and sheath length of Z. caespitosa showed significant seasonal variation (p < 0.001). The highest aboveground value was recorded in late spring to summer and the lowest value in winter. Density and biomass also showed seasonal variations. Annual average shoot density and biomass of Z. caespitosa were recorded as 1,223.4 leaf m^-2 and 5,956.9 g w.w.m^-2, respectively, and had the highest value in June and lowest values in November and January. Reproductive shoots were observed from April (13℃) to June (21℃). Pistils erected outside sheath, anther dehiscing and small embryos were found in April. Mature fruit and released seeds were found in May and June. These results suggest that this species had a high growth rate in late spring and early summer (15℃-20℃). Reproductive shoots of Z. caespitosa may initially appear at about 10℃ in spring and seed have been released at about 20℃ in fall.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.567-577
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• 2020

The infection of marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii by a parasitic protist from the Yongho Bay of Busan, Korea was observed during the diatom bloom events in 2017 through 2018. The morphological and molecular features suggested that the parasitic nanoflagellate Pirsonia diadema was responsible for the infection. During the study period, the parasite prevalence ranged from 0.3% to 3.3%, and infected C. wailesii cells were observed only at surface seawater temperatures ranging between 10.9 and 19.9℃, although the host population appeared at temperatures above 25℃. The parasite and host system was successfully established as cultures. Using the cultures, we determined the morphological features over the infection cycle, parasite generation time, parasite prevalence as a function of inoculum size, and zoospore infectivity and survival time. The diatom C. wailesii was readily infected by the parasite P. diadema, with a parasite prevalence reaching up to 100% and a zoospore to host inoculum ratio above 20:1. The survival and infectivity of the parasite zoospores decreased with age. While the zoospores could survive up to 88 hours, they quickly lost their ability to infect after 48 hours. These results could lead to a better understanding of the biology and ecology of the parasitoid infecting the giant-sized diatoms in coastal waters.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2022

Clerodendrum ervatamioides C. Y. Wu was described in 1977 with its type locality in Yunnan, China. During our floristic investigation in the Muong Nhe Nature Reserve of Vietnam of Dien Bien province and in the Muong Te district of the Lai Chau province, we collected several specimens of Clerodendrum ervatamioides, marking the first record of its occurrence in Vietnam. In this paper, details of the morphological features, distribution, ecology, photo plates, and a table comparing the morphological features with its ally Clerodendrum garrettianum Craib are provided.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2024

Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2017

기존의 전통적인 한국어 형태소 분석 및 품사 태깅 방법론은 먼저 형태소 후보들을 생성한 뒤 수많은 조합에서 최적의 확률을 가지는 품사 태깅 결과를 구하는 두 단계를 거치며 추가적으로 형태소의 접속 사전, 기분석 사전 및 원형복원 사전 등을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 기존의 두 단계 방법론에서 벗어나 심층학습 모델의 일종인 sequence-to-sequence 모델을 이용하여 한국어 형태소 분석 및 품사 태깅을 추가 언어자원에 의존하지 않는 end-to-end 방식으로 접근하였다. 또한 형태소 분석 및 품사 태깅 과정은 어순변화가 일어나지 않는 특수한 시퀀스 변환과정이라는 점을 반영하여 음성인식분야에서 주로 사용되는 합성곱 자질을 이용하였다. 세종말뭉치에 대한 실험결과 합성곱 자질을 사용하지 않을 경우 97.15%의 형태소 단위 f1-score, 95.33%의 어절단위 정확도, 60.62%의 문장단위 정확도를 보여주었고, 합성곱 자질을 사용할 경우 96.91%의 형태소 단위 f1-score, 95.40%의 어절단위 정확도, 60.62%의 문장단위 정확도를 보여주었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2015

Although airborne pollen is invisible to the eye, it has been known as a major source to respiratory allergic reactions. For this reason, airborne pollen is monitoring in many countries to predict pollen concentration based on locality and season. However, the morphological characteristics of airborne pollen and their potential tendency as an allergen are still obscure. In the present study, we selected 52 airborne pollen samples based on previously reported data and investigated their detail pollen characteristics using LM and SEM. Major airborne pollen in Korea has sorted in 19 families (most angiosperms except four gymnosperm families), and all pollen grains are small to medium in size ($P=17.34-49.86{\mu}m$) apart from the bisaccate pollen grains of Pinaceae ($P=46.49-106.20{\mu}m$). The aperture number and shape vary from sulcate to polyporate. While the inaperture pollen has found only in gymnosperm (Cupressaceae and Taxaceae), triporate or polyporate is common pollen type in angiosperm. The sexine ornamentations could divide into several types, but the most sculpturing types are inconspicuous like psilate, rugulate and granulate. Reticulate pollen grains as a semitectum have occurred the species of genera Platanus and Fraxinus only. To estimate the possible relationships between pollen features and allergen, the results are discussed in botanical context.