• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.6-9
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• 2008

Analyzing the characteristics of blood flow in the blood vessels is very important to diagnose the circulatory diseases. In order to investigate the hemodynamic characteristics in vivo, the measurements of blood flows inside the extraembryonic arterial and venous blood vessels of chicken embryos were carried out using an in vivo micro-PIV technique. The circulatory diseases are closely related with the formation of abnormal hemodynamic shear stress regions, thereby it is important to get blood velocity and vessel's morphological information according to the vessel configuration and the flow conditions. In this study, the flow images of RBCs in blood vessels were obtained using a high-speed CMOS camera with a spatial resolution of approximately 14.6${\mu}$m${\times}$14.6${\mu}$m in the whole circulation network of blood vessels. The blood flows in the veins and arteries show steady laminar and unsteady pulsatile flow characteristics, respectively. The mean blood flows merged (in veins) and bifurcated (in arteries) smoothly into the main blood vessel and branches, respectively, without any flow separation or secondary flow which accompanying large variation of shear stress. Vorticity was high in the inner regions for both types of vessels, where the radius of curvature varied greatly. The instantaneous flows in the arterial blood vessels showed noticeable pulsatility due to the heart beat, and the main features of the velocity waveforms, including pulsatile shape, retrograde flow, mean velocity, maximum velocity and pulsatile frequency, were significantly dependent on the pulsatile condition which dominates the arterial blood flow. In near future, these in vivo experimental results of blood flow measured in various extraembryonic blood vessels would be very useful to understand the hemodynamic characteristics of human blood flows and various blood flow researches for clinically useful hemodynamic discoveries as well.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2099-2103
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• 2016

Background: The gold standard diagnosis of H. pylori related gastritis is evidence of bacteria on histopathological examination of gastric mucosa. Our aim was to study the correlation between gastric mucosal morphology and histopathological severity of H. pylori related gastritis. Materials and Methods: Division was made on morphological features into:Type 1, showing regular arrangement of red dots; Type 2, showing cleft-like appearance; Type 3, with a mosaic appearance; and Type 4, having a mosaic appearance with focal or diffuse hyperemia. Results: Types 1 and 2 gastric mucosal morphologies were statistically significant in predicting an H. pylori negative status (137/145, p<0.01), while Types 3 and 4 were significant a positive status (139/155, p<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Type 3 and 4 morphologies for predicting H. pylori positive were 94.6%, 89.5%, 89.7% and 94.5%, respectively, with a good correlation with inflammation grading (p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study suggests that gastric mucosal morphology can be reliably identified using conventional white light source gastroscopy with good correlation between findings and inflammation grading.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1967-1971
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• 2016

Background: In tumor cells, aberrant differentiation programs have been described. Several neuronal proteins have been found associated with morphological neuronal-glial changes in breast cancer (BCa). These neuronal proteins have been related to mechanisms that are involved in carcinogenesis; however, this regulation is not well understood. Microtubule-associated protein-tau (MAP-Tau) has been describing in BCa but not its variants. This finding could partly explain the neuronal-glial morphology of BCa cells. Our aim was to determine mRNA expression of MAP-tau variants 2, 4 and 6 in breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cultured cell lines MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T47D were observed under phase-contrast microscopy for neural morphology and analyzed for gene expression of MAP-Tau transcript variants 2, 4 and 6 by real-time PCR. Results: Regarding morphology like neural/glial cells, T47D line shown more cells with these features than MDA-MB-231 and SKBR. In another hand, we found much greater mRNA expression of MAP-Tau transcript variants 2, and to a lesser extent 4 and 6, in T47D cells than the other lines. In conclusion, regulation of MAP-Tau could bring about changes in cytoskeleton, cell morphology and motility; these findings cast further light on neuronal transdifferentiation in BCa.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2012

To understand the effect of aerosols on the growth and physiological conditions of trees in forests, it is important to know the state of aerosols that are deposited on the surface of the leaves or needles. In this study, we developed methods of visualization of submicron-sized aerosols that were artificially deposited from the gas-phase or liquid phase onto tree leaves or needles in trees. Firstly, we used field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to observe black carbon (BC) particles that were artificially sprayed onto the leaves or needles. The distribution of BC particles deposited on the leaves and needles were distinguished based on the size and morphological features of the particles. The distribution and agglomerates size of BC particles differed between two spraying methods of BC particles employed. Secondly, we tried to visualize gold (Au) particles that were artificially sprayed onto the leaves using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) coupled to FE-SEM. We detected the Au particles based on the characteristic X-ray spectrum, which was secondarily generated from the Au particles. In contrast to the case of BC particles, the Au particles did not form agglomerates and were uniformly distributed on the leaf surfaces. The present results show that our methods provide useful information of adsorption and/or behavior of fine particles at the submicron level on the surface of the leaves.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic features of posterior edentulous mandible for Korean patients using cross-sectional CT images. Materials and Methods: Computed tomographic cross-sectional views taken in 2004 and 2005 at Seoul National University Dental Hospital were analyzed by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist. Four indices were measured to meet the purpose of this study: 1) the horizontal distance between the alveolar crest and mandibular canal (Type), 2) the angle of the mandibular long axis (Angle), 3) the bucco-lingual location of mandibular canal, and 4) the depth of the submandibular fossa. The averages and standard deviations of the measurements were compared according to the location (the first and second molar area) and sex of the patients. Results: Statistically significant difference was found in Type, Angle, and submandibular fossa depth between the first and second molar area (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between men and women in any of the measured indices. Most of the mandibular canals were located in lingual side of posterior mandible. Conclusion: More care should be taken when an implant is installed on the mandibular second molar area.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

The authors presented the human Thelaziasis case in Korea, with the review of the literatures. The patient was 60-year-old farmer who had lived in Chunchoun since birth. He complained lacrimation and foreign body sensation of the left eye. Total 10 worms, appeared to be slender milky-white nematodes, were extracted from the left upper conjuctival sac by authors. Micrograph morphological features are as follows： Three male worms are 8.83∼9.32 mm in length, 0.24∼0.25 mm in width, 259∼263 cuticular striations per mm, and showing cloaca with spicules. seven female worms are 11.91∼12.77 mm in length, 0.25∼0.26 mm in width, 259∼289 cuticular striations per mm, and vulva opening locating anterior to esophago-intestinal junction. From the above findings, these nematodes were confirmed as Thelazia callipaeda Railliet and Henry, 1910.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1942-1950
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• 2013

This paper suggests a new method of detecting attacks of network traffic by visualizing original traffic data and applying multi-class SVM (support vector machine). The proposed method first generates 2D images from IP and ports of transmitters and receivers, and extracts linear patterns and high intensity values from the images, representing traffic attacks. It then obtains variance of ports of transmitters and receivers and extracts the number of clusters and entropy features using ISODATA algorithm. Finally, it determines through multi-class SVM if the traffic data contain DDoS, DoS, Internet worm, or port scans. Experimental results show that the suggested multi-class SVM-based algorithm can more effectively detect network traffic attacks.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.994-999
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• 2010

Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction can present with various symptoms depending on the organ it has affected. This research tried to analyze the ophthalmologic symptoms and ophthalmologic examination (OE) results in patients with mitochondrial disease (MD). Methods: Seventy-four patients diagnosed with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex defect with biochemical enzyme assay were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups based on the OE results by funduscopy and were analyzed on the basis of their clinical features, biochemical test results, morphological analysis, and neuroimaging findings. Results: Thirty-seven (50%) of the 74 MD patients developed ophthalmologic symptoms. Abnormal findings were observed in 36 (48.6%) patients during an OE, and 16 (21.6%) of them had no ocular symptoms. Significantly higher rates of prematurity, clinical history of epilepsy or frequent apnea events, abnormal light microscopic findings in muscle pathology, diffuse cerebral atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging, and brainstem hyperintensity and lactate peaks in magnetic resonance spectroscopy were noted in the group with abnormal OE results. Conclusion: Although the ophthalmologic symptoms are not very remarkable in MD patients, an OE is required. When the risk factors mentioned above are observed, a more active approach should be taken in the OE because a higher frequency of ocular involvement can be expected.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

This study is conducted to monitor the morphological developmental features of the egg development, larvae and juvenile of Epinephelus septemfasciatus, the fertilized eggs were gotton using artificial insemination. Matured parents are collected from marine caged fish farms in Geomun-ri, Samsan-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo Korea in June 2012. The fertilized eggs were pelagic eggs containing one oil globule, and measured 0.81~0.89 mm ($0.85{\pm}0.04mm$, n=50) in diameter. In regard to rearing environment, the water temperature is $21.0{\sim}23.0^{\circ}C$ and the salinity is 32.0~33.2‰. Hatching was observed from 48 hours after fertilization, the mouth and anus of prelarvae was not opened but had egg yolk at newly hatched. 4 days after hatching, the mouth and anus of postlarvae was opened and began to eat Rotifer and was measured 2.40~2.49 mm ($2.45{\pm}0.03mm$ n=10) in total length. 12 days after hatching, postlarvae was measured 3.77~4.67 mm ($4.27{\pm}0.33mm$) in total length, its the second pole tide of dorsal fin and the first pole tide of pelvic fin was extended longitudinally. 71 days after hatching, juvenile was measured 40.5~45.4 mm ($42.6{\pm}2.04mm$) in total length. Seven bands were observed in body, and pole tides of dorsal and pelvic fins were shortened.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2014

Human taeniases had been not uncommon in the Republic of Korea (=Korea) until the 1980s. The prevalence decreased and a national survey in 2004 revealed no Taenia egg positive cases. However, a subsequent national survey in 2012 showed 0.04% (10 cases) prevalence of Taenia spp. eggs suggesting its resurgence in Korea. We recently encountered 4 cases of Taenia saginata infection who had symptoms of taeniasis that included discharge of proglottids. We obtained several proglottids from each case. Because the morphological features of T. saginata are almost indistinguishable from those of Taenia asiatica, molecular analyses using the PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) were performed to identify the species. The PCR-RFLP patterns of all of the 4 specimens were consistent with T. saginata, and the cox1 gene sequence showed 99.8-100% identity with that of T. saginata reported previously from Korea, Japan, China, and Cambodia. All of the 4 patients had the history of travel abroad but its relation with contracting taeniasis was unclear. Our findings may suggest resurgence of T. saginata infection among people in Korea.