• 생약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2010

To overcome the limit of morphological method for classification of herbal drug, a novel method to discriminate its origin using pyrolysis mass spectrometry-multivariate analysis was developed. This method was applied successfully to Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, one of the most popular herbal drug in oriental countries. The ethylacetate soluble fractions were prepared by sonication from pulverized roots of S. baicalensis which were collected from various regions including Korea and China, and subjected to direct insertion probe (DIP) mass spectrometry to achieve mass spectra of pyrolizates of extracts. The probe temperature was elevated from $30^{\circ}C$ to $320^{\circ}C$ at increasing rate $64^{\circ}C/min$, and the average mass spectrum calculated from total ion chromatography (TIC) was obtained. The relative peak intensities versus m/z were subjected to SAS program, and the training set (9 from Korea origin and 22 from China origin) was clustered two groups as its origin. In the test set, 11 samples among total 13 test sample were successfully classified according to their origin by developed method with accuracy of 85%.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2012

Angelica acutiloba is one of the most intensively cultivated medicinal plants in Korea. The roots of this plant have been used as an important herbal drug, especially for the treatment of various female disorders, as the traditional therapy in Korea and other Asian countries. Consumption of its fresh leaves as a healthy vegetable has recently increased. In this study, essential oil fractions were extracted from the roots and leaves of this plant by steam distillation. Compositions of the two oils were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activities of the essential oil were determined against three strains of Escherichia coli. DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power tests were performed to evaluateits antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic activities of the essential oil against a human breast and a uterine cancer cell line were estimated by MTT tests. Additionally, the morphological changes after treatment of the oil fraction were observed under a microscope. The essential oil fraction and its main components, Z-ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, inhibited the growth of three E. coli strains examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1.0 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. Additionally, the essential oil fraction of A. acutiloba exhibited significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Significant cytotoxic activities of the A. acutiloba essential oil were observed for human uterine (Hela) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.438-446
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• 1994

The effect of various thermomechanical treatments on the structure and rheological behaviour of Al-6.2wt%Si alloy in its solidification range were investigated using a Searle type high temperature viscometer. During continuous cooling, the viscosity increases gradually with increasing fraction of solidified alloy, until a critical fraction of solidified alloy is reached above which the viscosity sharply increases. The viscosity of the slurry, at a given volume fraction wolid, decreased with increasing shear rate. The size and morphology of primary solid particles during stirring is influenced strongly by shear rates, cooling rates, volume fraction and stirring time of solid. Morphological changes during stirring as a function of solid volume fractions, shear rate and processing time were also reported. In this study, the size of primary solid particles in these alloys consistently increases and the it`s aspect ratio decrease with the increase in fraction solid and decrease in shear rate. Crystal morphology changes from rosette type to spheroid type with the increase in shear rate and solid fraction.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2011

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) characterized by increased proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition is identified as the major pathological feature of hepatic cirrhosis. Therefore, suppression of HSC activation has been proposed as an important antifibrotic therapeutic strategy. In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of root barks of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Ulmaceae) by employing HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells as an in vitro assay system. Further investigation of the n-hexane and $CHCl_3$ fractions of root barks of U. davidiana var japonica led to the isolation of six triterpenoids: friedelin (1), epifridelanol (2), oleanolic acid (3), maslinic acid (4), ${\beta}$-amyrin (5) and ${\alpha}$-amyrin (6), together with ${\beta}$-sitosterol (7) and daucosterol (8). Among these compounds, 2, 3 and 4 significantly inhibited HSC proliferation. In addition, 4 inhibited HSC proliferation in time- and concentration-related manners, via a partially direct toxic effect, as assessed by morphological changes and release of lactate dehydrogenase.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.273-297
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• 1996

Hexane fraction of Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba(ODH) which was being used for the treatment of caner in oriental medicine showed the best cytotoxicity against L1210 and A549 in the solvent fractions. Antitumor substance isolated from hexane fraction of ODH was identified as ursolic acid(UA) by photometric analysis. IC50 of UA against cancer cells as SNU-1, HCT15, XF498, SK-MEL2 and A549 was $13{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $15{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $12{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $9{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $11{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. It significantly inhibited the metastasis to lungs and kidneys from pulmonary colonization assay and study on histological changes of organs and showed the enhancing effect on B cell dosage-dependently by FACS analysis. T/C % of UA against S-180 cells was 171 % and its cytotoxicity against SNU-1 iant was confirmed from the morphological changes by elctronic microscopes such as SEM and TEM that it induced undulated membrane 4 hr after UA treatment, and the breakdown of cell membrane and nucleus 24 hr after UA treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2016

본 연구는 전나무 정유의 Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum과 같은 피부사상균에 대한 항진균 활성을 구명하고 피부염 치료제로서의 전나무 정유의 잠재력을 평가하고자 하였다. 전나무 정유와 분획물, 유효성분의 표준시약을 이용하여 한천희석법, paper disc 확산법, TEM을 이용한 세포 변화 관찰 등을 통해 항진균 활성을 평가하였고, 주성분은 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 유효성분들의 시너지효과는 체커보드법을 통해 평가하였다. 그 결과, 가장 높은 활성을 나타낸 물질은 ${\alpha}$-bisabolol을 함유하고 있는 분획 G4였으며 다른 분획 보다 뛰어나게 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 체커보드법을 통해 ${\alpha}$-bisabolol과 bornyl acetate를 병용시 뛰어난시너지 효과를 나타냈고 세포 변화 관찰을 통해 분획 G4에 노출된 E. floccosum과 T. rubrum 균사는 정상세포와 달리 세포막과 세포소기관이 파괴됨이 관찰되었다. 따라서 전나무 정유와 그 구성성분들은 높은 항진균 효과를 가지고 있기 때문에 피부염 치료제의 원료로 이용이 가능할 것이라 기대되며, 특히 ${\alpha}$-bisabolol의 우수한 항진균 활성에 주목할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1994

Morphological estimation of human spermatozoa is complicated by the fact that there is great natural variation in shape. This natural variation in shapes makes it difficult to say which forms are associated with infertility and which are normal variations. Possibly post coital test or in vitro cervical mucus penetration tests will help to clarify this question by showing which sperm are capable of penetration. The purpose of this investigation was performed to assess distribution of various morphological abnormalities according to the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus. The sperm-mucus penetration using hen's egg white as substituting mucus for human cervical mucus was done in 45 fertile men with normal semen analysis and 122 infertile men with abnormal seminal parameters more than one. The female partners of 122 infertile couples showed normal results in the female fundamental test for fertility. Conventional semen analysis was evaluated according to the WHO standard normal(l980). The detailed classification of the abnormal sperm was made according to David et al(l975). The vitality of the sperm samples determined by eosin yellow-nigrosin stainig according to the method of Eliasson(l977). Results were as follw; 1. The patients had significantly lower total sperm count, motility (%), normal morphology (%), viability and total functional sperm fractions(TFSF) than fertile donors. 2. The mean value of sperm penetration distance of the patients(28.69${\pm}$11.02mm) showed significantly lower than fertile donors(37.33${\pm}$5.49mm). And 43/45 fertile donors(95.5%) as well as 57/122 patients(46.7%) had over 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. While 2/45 fertile donors(4.5 %) and 65/122 patient(53.3%) had under 30mm in sperm penetration distance respectively. 3. The morphological abnormalities in fertile donors were significantly lower 23.04${\pm}$5.83% (head = 12.89${\pm}$4.98, neck=6.11${\pm}$3.83%, and tail=3.43${\pm}$2.65%), compared to 36.03${\pm}$14. 40% in patients(head = 15.98 8.60%, neck 11.20${\pm}$6.56% and tail=8.70${\pm}$6.55%). Also, 3 types of sperm abnormalities including head, neck and tail were significantly lower in patient than fertile donors, respectively. Both the patients and fertile donors showed higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. 4. The mean morphological abnormalities(SP>30mm) of the patients(30.68 11.64%; head = 15.95${\pm}$9.35%, neck=8.14${\pm}$4.21 %, tail=6.56${\pm}$5.64%) were significantly lower compared to patients(40.72${\pm}$15.01 %; head=16.02${\pm}$7.69%, neck 13.89${\pm}$7.82%, tail=1O.58${\pm}$6.75%) under 30mm in sperm penetration distance. Also, both groups over 30mm and under 30mm in sperm penetration showed distance higher distribution of sperm with abnormal head than abnormal neck and tail. The morphological abnormalities of head did not show significant difference but abnormal neck and tail were significant difference between the over 30mm and under 30mm group in sperm penetration distance.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2002

대파 뿌리로부터 근권미생물 146종을 분리하여 대파 흑색썩음균핵병균인 Sclerotium cepivorum에 길항하는 AL-1 균주를 최종선별하였다. 분리주 AL-1은 the procaryotes와 Bergey's mannual of systematic bacteriology의 방법과 16S rDNA의 부분염기서열을 결정하여 ribosomal database 에서 상동성 검색 등의 방법으로 Serratia plymuthica로 동정되었다. S. plymuthica AL-1은 흑색썩음균핵병균(Sclerotium cepivorum)에 대해서는 생육저지환의 크기가 15mm로 나타났으며, 고추 검은무늬병(Alternaria altrata)은 9 mm, 고추 탄저병균(Colletotrichum gleosporioids)은 13 ㎜, 도라지 줄기마름병균(Phoma sp.)은 10 ㎜, 고추 잘록병균 (Rhizoctonia solani)은 8 ㎜, 고추 흰별무의병균(Stemphylium solani)은 8 ㎜, 오이 균핵병균(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)은 7 mm, 수박 덩굴쪼김병(Fusarium oxysporium niveum)은 7 ㎜로 길항력을 나타내었으나 참외 만고병균(Didymella bryoniae)에서는 길항력이 없었다. S. plymuthica AL-1는 1％ colloidal chitin을 첨가한 TSB 배지에서 분자량 10 kDa 이상의 분획에서는 chitinase(3.2 units/ml)가 유도 생산되었고 80℃에서 30분간 열처리할 경우 chitinase의 활성은 없어 졌으나 길항력(6.4 ㎜)은 남아있었다. 또한 분자량 10kDa 이하의 분획에서는 chitinase 활성은 없으나 길항력(5.2㎜)은 나타내었고, 80℃에서 열처리하여도 길항력(5.0mm)이 남아있어 효소 이외 다른 생리활성물질이 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2003

환경 오염원으로서 폭약 hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)에 대한 RDX 분해세균 Pseudomonas sp. HK-6의 세포반응과 형태변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 아치사조건의 RDX농도와 노출시간에 따른 균주 HK-6의 생존율을 분석한 결과, 이 세균의 생존율은 스트레스 충격 단백질의 생성과 비례하였다. 총세포 지방산 조성분석에서 균주 HK-6는 trypticase soy agar(TSA)에서 자랄 때 보다 RDX배지에서 자랄 때 여러 가지 종류의 지방산이 생성되거나 사라지는 것이 밝혀졌다. Anti-DnaK와 anti-GroEL을 이용하여 SDS-PAGE와 Western blot을 통한 분석으로 균주 HK-6는 70 kDa DanK와 60 kDa GroEL을 포함하는 몇가지 스트레스 충격단백질을 생성하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. RDX에 노출된 HK-6배양에서 수용성 단백질 분획에 대하여 2-D PAGE를 실시하였으며, pH 3에서 pH 10 범위에서 약 300 spots가 silver로 염색된 gel상에서 관찰되었다. 그 결과, RDX에 대한 반응으로 10여개의 spots가 현저히 유도 발현되었다. RDX(0.135mM, 12시간)에 노출된 세포는 구멍이 나타나고 표면의 불규칙적인 형태 변화가 일어나 죽게되는 것이 주사 전자현미경을 통하여 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2018

조팝나무(Spiraea prunifolia) 잎을 80% MeOH 수용액으로 추출한 뒤, 감압 농축한 추출물을 EtOAc, n-BuOH과 $H_2O$층으로 계통 분획을 실시하였다. n-BuOH분획에 대하여 $SiO_2$, ODS column chromatograph 및 중압분취 장비를 반복실시하여 2종의 phenolic glucoside화합물을 분리 및 정제하였다. NMR 및 Mass데이터를 해석하여, isosalicin (1)와 crenatin (2)로 구조 동정 하였다. 분리한 2종의 화합물에 대하여 UPLC-MS/MS 질량 분석기를 기반으로 다중반응검지 (MRM mode) 분석법을 이용하여 정량분석 하였다. 그 결과, crenatin은 9.53 mg/g 및 isosalicin은 0.65 mg/g이 조팝나무 잎 추출물에 함유된 것을 확인하였다. 조팝나무 잎에서 분리된 화합물이 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유발된 산화스트레스로부터 신경세포 보호효과를 검증한 결과, 신경모세포종인 SK-N-MC 세포에 대해서 화합물 1 및 2 (100 mM) 모두 세포 독성은 보이지 않았으며, 특히 화합물 2 (crenatin)는 $H_2O_2$처리에 따른 신경세포의 외형적 변화, 세포 손상, 세포 사멸을 억제하여 산화스트레스로부터 신경세포를 보호하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.