The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the morphological diagram by Sasang Constitutions and compare with Huh's morphological diagram, a theory based on the Four Cho Theory(四焦設) by Lee Je-Ma. We classified the Sasang Constitutions of 104 Korean College Students(average age 23.81) using QSCC II. Before measuring of morphologic diagrams, we exert the subjects to take supine position on the bed, and make it a rule that our staffs mesure each people directly. The 50% of the total subjects was Soeumin, 26.9% was Soyangin and 23.1% was Taeumin, our study shows the higher percentage than the other studies in Soeumin. The results as follows ; In the cases of man, Taeumin have more developed Low-Middle Cho(the interval between stomach line and Navel line) than other constitutions, whereas Soeumin has more developed Low cho(the interval between Navel line and Ilium line). In the cases of woman, there is no significant difference of Huh's morphology diagram among three Sasang constitutions. We analyzed the difference of obesity among sasang constitutions, and we found that the BMI(Body Mass Index(Kg/m2)(Kg/m2)) of Taeumin was significantly higher than other constitutions in male. But there was no significant difference among Sasang constitutions in female. We have not found the exact accordance between the real measurement and Huh's Theory. But for man, there are several statistically significant results, indicating the usefulness of the Huh's Morphological Diagramming theory on the discriminating ability of Sasang Constitutions Classificaton. So this results suggest that the use of the Huh's theory should be improved in the classification of the Sasang Constitutions, considering the difference of morphology by sex.
Kim, Hong-Jun;Lee, Mi-Young;Hong, Seong-Mi;Ko, Byoung-Seob;Ju, Young-Sung
Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
/
v.8
no.1
/
pp.93-104
/
2002
The following is a list of morphologic and genetic characteristics of Pinellia tuber. 1. The original plant of Pinellia tuber is Pinellia ternata(THUNB)(THUNB)BREITBREIT. With regards to its external morphology, it is smaller than other Araceae species and its spadix is longer than its leaves, which trifurcate. 2. As regards its internal morphology, its mucous cell is elliptical and the vessel is helical or annular-shaped. Granules exist in abundance and in various shapes. 3. Distribution and size of laticifers are the key criteria on which to differentiate between domestic and imported Pinellia tuber. Laticifers are mainly distributed in the epidermis in domestic Pinellia tuber and in the cortical parenchyma in imported Pinellia tuber. The size of laticifers is somewhere between 1,3 and 8μm8μm in diameter in imported Pinellia tuber bigger than its domestic counterpart. 4. RAPD markers display a great similarity in bands between domestic and Chinese Pinellia tuber. However, RAPD primers 352, 358, 365, 368 and 374 are distinctive markers for domestic Pinellia tuber. In the meantime, North Korean Pinellia tuber, morphologically similar to domestic Pinellia tuber, is genertically distinctive from its domestic counterpart in primers 354, 358, 365, 368, 374 and 379, a finding that supports the postulation that North Korean Pinellia tuber is tuber of another Araceae species.
Background: Nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive spinal surgery using a Coblation(R)Coblation(R) technique that creates small voids within the disc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cervical nucleoplasty in patients with cervical disc disorder. Methods: Between March 2008 and December 2009, 22 patients with cervical disc disorders were treated with cervical nucleoplasty after failed conservative treatment. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia, and fluoroscopic guidance and voids were created in the disc with the PercTMPercTM DC Spine WandTMWandTM. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Modified Macnab criteria and VAS score at preprocedure, postprocedure 1 month, and 6 months. Results: Six patients had one, eight patients had two and eight patients had three discs treated; a total of 46 procedures was performed. Mean VAS reduced from 9.3 at preprocedure to 3.7 at postprocedure 1 month and to 3.4 at postprocedure 6 months. There was no significant complication related to the procedure within the first month. Outcomes were good or excellent in 17/22 (77.3%) cases. Postprocedure magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in two patients after two months showing morphologic evidence of volume reduction of protruded disc material in one patient but not in the other. Conclusions: Percutaneous decompression with a nucleoplasty using a Coblation(R)Coblation(R) technique in the treatment of cervical disc disorder is a safe, minimally-invasive and less uncomfortable procedure, with an excellent short-term clinical outcome.
Background: Anatomic changes in the acromion have been considered a main cause of shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). To evaluate the relationship between SIS and the acromion process, we devised a new morphological parameter called the acromion process cross-sectional area (APA). We hypothesized that the APA could be an important morphologic diagnostic parameter in SIS. Methods: We collected APA data from 95 patients with SIS and 126 control subjects who underwent shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then we measured the maximal cross-sectional area of the bone margin of the acromion process on MRI scans. Results: The mean of APAs were 136.50 ± 21.75 ㎟ in the male control group and 202.91 ± 31.78 ㎟ in the male SIS group; SIS patients had significantly greater APAs (P < 0.001). The average of APAs were 105.38 ± 19.07 ㎟ in the female control group and 147.62 ± 22.90 ㎟ in the female SIS group, and the SIS patients had significantly greater APAs (P < 0.001). The optimal APA cut-off in the male group was 165.14 ㎟ with 90.2% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.968. In the female group, the optimal cut-off was 122.50 ㎟ with 85.2% sensitivity, 84.9% specificity, and an AUC of 0.928. Conclusions: The newly devised APA is a sensitive parameter for assessing SIS; greater APA is associated with a higher possibility of SIS. We think that this result will be helpful for the diagnosis of SIS.
This study was observed of the skin that changed after irradiation of the ultraviolet A. All the mouse were hairless which the weight are about 25g and the ages 6∼86∼8 weeks old. The mouse were divided into six groups; control, irradiated for 6 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. Each group was irradiated with ultraviolet that is 320nm∼366nm320nm∼366nm of wavelengths. After irradiated, the skin was observed with the electron microscope and the light microscope. The results are as follow: 1) Light microscopy With following irradiation, the epidermis was not changed to most groups but at the 28 days group was thickened and deposit the melanocyte. The elastic fibers within the epidermis were thickened and twisted with following irradiation. 2) Eelectron microscopy The elastic fibers were slightly clumped at 6 hours group, mildly increased and partly aggregated in the 3 days group, branched and tangled at 7 days group, irregulated and electron density at 14 days group, sightly thickened and twisted at 21 days group, and randomly arranged, shortened, twisted, and electron density at 28 days group.
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, mature T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with a post-thymic mature T-cell phenotype. The disease is characterized by rapidly rising lymphocytosis, lym-phadenopathy, and splenomegaly. The clinical course is usually aggressive and progresses with frequent skin lesions and serous effusions. In 25% of cases, leukemic cells are small and tumor cells may not have a discrete nucleolus under light microscopy. Although the presence of characteristic cytoplasmic protrusions or blebs in tumor cells is a common morphologic finding in the peripheral blood film irrespective of the nuclear features, small cell variants lacking the typical nuclear features can cause diagnostic problems in clinical cytology. Furthermore, the small leukemic cells can share some cytologic findings with lymphocyte-rich serous effusions caused by non-neoplastic reactive lymphocytosis as well as other small lymphocytic lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we describe the cytological findings of ascitic fluid complicated by small cell variant T-PLL in a 54-year-old man, the cytology of which was initially interpreted as small lymphocytic malignancy such as small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
The various function of the cardiovascular system(CVS) and the dynamic characteristics on each part of human body can be acquired in the electric analog circuit model. According to the performed outcome by other researchers, viscos resistance, flow inertia, and vascular compliance in the CVS are analogous to resister, inductor, and capacitor in electric circuit, so the CVS models were represented by the electric circuit models. these approaches were to propose the suitable models interest part of body and to simulate the various characteristics on the CVS. In this paper, the electric circuit model considering the characteristics of morphologic structure is represented, the parameter values of model is sotted up, and the dynamic characteristics of the the CVS is simulated using VisSim, one of the simulation tools. The observed simulation results are similar to the cardiovascular functions of nomal adults who have no heart failure. Besides, the simulation is operated to observe the pathophysiological abnomal symptoms(for example, bleeding within a certain period). The controller by baroreceptor, which is one of controllers to control the CVS, is appended in the model. and the dynamic response characteristics and the procedure to return normal state is observed in simulation when the bleeding last within a certain period.
Composite resin repair requires strong bond strength between the new and old materials. The objective of the current study was to identify the optimal treatments for sufficient bond strengths. Bondings between same kinds of materials and cross bondings using chemical curing composites and light curing composites were tested. Surface treatments included the methods of sand-blasting, acid etching and coating of bonding agent. Seven kinds cases of combinations from three kinds of methods were experimented and compared with a control group of which surfaces were highly polished. Measurements of shear bond strength and observations of surface morphologic changes using a scanning electron microscope were done. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. The highest bond strength among composite resins were exhibited by the treatment of the sand-blasting and the coating of bonding agent. 2. Acid etched surfaces showed the lowest bond strength. Bond strengths obtained from experimental groups including acid etching were lower than those obtained from same kinds of experimental groups without acid etching. 3. Simple method of the coating of bonding agent produced the slightly increased bond strength on chemical curing composite and reduced bond strength on light curing composite. 4. Bonding surfaces of chemical curing composite resin showed slightly higher bond strengths than light curing composite resin, however significant differences were not confirmed statistically. 5. More significant irregular surfaces were created by sand-blasting method than acid etching method. 6. A principal component of fillers of both resins was silicon. Acid etching method produced the seperations and degradations of fillers, these were significant on light curing composite resins which containing barium fillers.
Complete understanding of the exterior and interior structure of the tooth would be prerequisite to the successful clinical results, especially in the restorative and endodontic treatment. Although three-dimensional reconstruction method using x-ray microtomography could not be used in clinical cases, it may be the best way to reconstruct the morphologic characteristics of the tooth structure in detail without destructing the tooth itself. This study was done to three dimensionally reconstruct every teeth in the arch in order to increase the understanding about the endodontic treatment and to promote the effective restorative treatment by upgrading the knowledge of the tooth morphology. After placing tooth between the microfocus x-ray tube and the image intensifier to obtain two-dimensional images of each level. scanning was done under the condition of 80 keV, 100μm100μm, 16.8 magnification with the spot size of 8μm8μm. Cross-section pixel size of 16.28μm16.28μm and 48.83 cross-section to cross-section distance were also used. From the results of this study, precise three dimensional reconstructed images of every teeth could be obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to see image that showed interested area only, for example. enamel portion only, pulp and dentin area without enamel structure, pulp only, combination image of enamel and pulp, etc. It was also possible to see transparent image without some part of tooth structure. This image might be used as a guide when restoring and preparing the full and partial crown by showing the positional and morphological relationship between the pulp and the outer tooth structure. Another profit may be related with the fact that it would promote the understanding of the interior structure by making observation of the auto-rotating image of AVI file from the various direction possible.
The purpose of this study is to observe the morphological changes of prepared dentin surfaces by 5 dentin conditioning agents. Freshly extracted 48 healthy human molars were used in this study. The teeth were stored at 4∘C4∘C physiologic saline solution befor experiment. The teeth were cross-sectioned to expose dentin below 3.0mm at the cusp tip and above 2.0mm at the cemento-enamel junction with Crystal Cutter (MC411 D, Maruto Co., Japan). The specimens were then divided into 12 groups. The sectioned dentin surfaces in group 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 were prepared with No. 301 diamond point under air-water spray and those in group 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 were prepared with No. 700 carbide bur. The prepared dentin surfaces were conditioned with Nitric acid, Citric acid, Poly acrylic acid, EDTA, and Phosphoric acid. All the specimens were gold-coated with Eiko ion coater (Eiko-engineering Co.) and observed in Hitachi S-2300 Scanning electron microscope at 20 KV. The following results from this study were obtained; 1. The dentinal smear layers prepared with diamond point were compacted than those prepared with the carbide bur. 2. The dentinal smear layers prepared with diamond point or carbide bur were thick but after treatment of dentin conditioning agents smear layers were removed almost. 3. Irrespective of the uses of the diamond point or the carbide bur the morphological changes of dentin surfaces treated with the same conditioning agents were similar. 4. Treatment of nitric acid and EDTA was a little effect in removing dentinal smear layer. 5. Treatment of citric acid and phosphoric acid removed the smear layer very effectively and showed dissolution of peritubular dentin and opening of dentinal tubules.
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