• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2017

The present study tested a hypothesis that mood awareness and emotional expressivity would attenuate the association between academic stress and adjustment. In support of the hypothesis, the present research showed that emotional expressivity moderated the association between academic stress and adjustment among college students. That is, the association was attenuated by emotional expressivity when academic stress was high more than when academic stress was low. Curiously, we also identified an interesting diversion between two factors of mood awareness. Specifically, mood monitoring moderated the negative association between academic stress and adjustment, whereas mood labeling did not. That is, mood monitoring was particularly effective when academic stress was high, but mood labeling showed substantial benefits regardless of the level of academic stress. Overall, the present results suggest that mood awareness (in particular, mood labeling) and emotional expressivity serve as cognitive and behavioral protective factors that can buffer academic stress among college students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.419-431
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel method for monitoring mood trend of Twitter users by analyzing their daily tweets for a long period. Then, to more accurately understand their tweets, we analyze all types of content in tweets, i.e., texts and emoticons, and images, thus develop a multimodal sentiment analysis method. In the proposed method, two single-modal analyses first are performed to extract the users' moods hidden in texts and images: a lexicon-based and learning-based text classifier and a learning-based image classifier. Thereafter, the extracted moods from the respective analyses are combined into a tweet mood and aggregated a daily mood. As a result, the proposed method generates a user daily mood flow graph, which allows us for monitoring the mood trend of users more intuitively. For evaluation, we perform two sets of experiment. First, we collect the data sets of 40,447 data. We evaluate our method via comparing the state-of-the-art techniques. In our experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed multimodal analysis method outperforms other baselines and our own methods using text-based tweets or images only. Furthermore, to evaluate the potential of the proposed method in monitoring users' mood trend, we tested the proposed method with 40 depressive users and 40 normal users. It proves that the proposed method can be effectively used in finding depressed users.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2007

Objectives : Empathy has been conceptualized as the ability of emotional resonance and perspective-taking. Emotional awareness has been proposed as the basis of empathy. In this study we examined the relationship between empathy and mood awareness and their neural correlates in resting-state activity in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Empathy and mood awareness scale scores were compared between 29 patients with schizophrenia and 21 normal controls by voxel-based t-tests and voxel-based correlation analyses of resting-state $^{18}F$-FDG PET images. Results : Empathy and mood labeling scale scores were significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients. Mood monitoring was positively correlated with empathy score in normal controls, but not in schizophrenic patients. In normal controls, empathy was positively correlated with resting-state activities in the intraparietal sulcus and mood monitoring was positively correlated with the temporal pole, frontopolar cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and the subgenual prefrontal cortex resting activities. The orbitofrontal cortex resting activity was positively correlated with mood monitoring-related subgenual prefrontal cortex activity in the normal controls. Patients with schizophrenia showed decreased orbitofrontal resting activity and loss of its correlations with mood monitoring-related regional activities. Conclusion : This study showed that alteration in the resting-state activity in schizophrenia may reflect dysfunctional empathy and distorted characteristic of emotional awareness. However, the resting-state activity may not reflect the relationship between emotional awareness and empathy.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2001

As numbers of serotonin's function are so many, studies of serotonin are numerous nowadays. In the beginning, concentration of metabolites such as 5-HIAA was a key issue, but recent studies have been challenged for serotonin receptor genes and their relation to mood disoder. Serotonin transporter(5-HTT) gene is a strong candidate gene of mood disoder for following reason. Serotonin transporter is a key protein in the serotonin pathway as it regulate the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic clept and essential pathophysiology of depression is dysregulation of 5-HTT so that all antidepressants have effect of 5-HTT antagonist. The decrease of 5-HTT in the platelet and in brain of the depressive patients is much consistent results in the studies of the pathophysiology of mood disorder till now. By this, we will be able to develop simple and easy marker for diagnosis, type, and treatment monitoring of depression. Many psychiatrists have sought the independent genes in relation to depression or schizophrenia. Obviously, the hereditary vulnerability contributes to etiology of mood disorders, but it is difficult to discriminate the independent genes because of many environmental factors. Moreover, in the hereditarily complex diseases such as mood disorder, the only vulnerability of gene can not sufficiently explain the etiology. In the future, to exclude the role of the gene-environmental interaction, the methods such as gene transfer can be considered. In the opposite direction, by using the gene destruction method, the role of target genes can be examined. As yet the concept of the gene expression, neural plasticity, neurogenesis and etc, is the elementary stage. The development of this field will help to establish the treatment strategy of chronic and refractory mood disorders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.322-332
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• 2013

This study was done to investigate emotional awareness, emotional expressiveness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and college student adjustment, to analyze the factor affecting college student adjustment. The subjects were 159 freshman nursing students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from May 20 to June 10, 2012. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS WIN v 18.0. Positive correlation were found between college student adjustment and mood monitoring as well as mood labeling. On the other hand, ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness and ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness were significantly negative correlation with college student adjustment. In addition, mood monitoring, ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness, mood labeling, and ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness accounted for 31.8% of variance in college student adjustment. The results of this study suggest that programs for promoting emotional awareness and reducing ambivalence over emotional expressiveness are important for college adjustment in freshman nursing students.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2006

Objectives : Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can be divided into gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) related NCCP and non-GERD related NCCP. Our study was designed to examine the differences in clinical characteristics and psychological mood states between the two clinical syndromes. Methods : After some cardiologic evaluations such as treadmill exercise, coronary angiography, and echocardiography, 27 patients with NCCP were enrolled in this study. They were divided into patients with GERD related NCCP (12 patients) and those with non-GERD related NCCP (15 patients) using the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. Clinical characteristics such as typical reflux symptoms and psychological mood states were measured. Patients who showed scores more than 10 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were defined as depressed or anxious group. Anxiety sensitivity Index (ASI) was also measured in all patients. All parameters were compared between patients with GERD related NCCP and those with non-GERD related NCCP. Results : The two groups showed a difference in typical reflux symptoms. Patients with non-GERD related NCCP had higher scores on the BDI, BAI and ASI than those with GERD related NCCP. Among all NCCP patients, 14 patients (51.9%) were suggested to have possible depression or anxiety disorders. Conclusion : The non-GERD related NCCP was shown to be associated with psychological mood states such as anxiety and depression. Thus, we suggest that routine measurement of psychological mood states should be necessary in the evaluation and treatment of NCCP.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

Suicide is the leading cause of death among Korean adolescents. There is a growing interest in the role of loneliness as a risk factor for suicide ideation and depressive symptoms. However, little is known in the Korean context. This study analyzed a total of 109,796 respondents from the Korea Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2020 and 2021. Multiple logistic regression models were implemented to test the association between loneliness and either of suicidal ideation and depressive mood. Covariates included demographic characteristics, school enrolled, household income, living arrangement, self-rated health, and the number of times treated for violence. Adjusted odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. 12.0% of adolescents reported to have felt lonely frequently and 3.0% always. 11.8% and 26.0% had suicidal ideation and depressive mood, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was higher in the always-lonely adolescents (52.6%) than in the frequently-lonely adolescents (35.1%). The always-lonely adolescents were nearly 30 times more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR=30.7; 95% CI, 27.1 - 34.8) and to feel depressed (OR=32.5; 95% CI, 29.2 - 36.4) than adolescents who felt never lonely. In conclusion, Loneliness was a major risk factor for suicidal ideation and depressive mood among Korean adolescents. Monitoring and addressing the condition of loneliness may help reduce suicidal ideation and depressive mood.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

Objectives To investigate the pattern of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in patients with bipolar disorders managed by lithium or valproic acid. Methods The study participants were 106 patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorders receiving planned maintenance treatment at the Mood Disorders Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (aged between 17 and 64, mean duration of follow-up = 875.65 days). Using the bipolar disorder registry, thyroid function data were analyzed to assess the frequency of and the risk factors for SCH in patients managed by lithium (n = 64) or valproic acid (n = 42) for more than 5 months. Results Overall frequencies of SCH were 20.3% (13/64) in the lithium group, 14.3% (6/42) in the valproic acid group, and between the two groups there is no difference (p = 0.43). No differences were observed in the potential risk factors for SCH between the two groups including age, sex, subtype of bipolar disorder, baseline TSH, and concomitant antipsychotic use. In cases with SCH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) showed a tendency to increase at 3 month after the initiation of lithium or valproic acid. A gradual increase in the number of patients showing SCH was found within the first 3 years of medication. Conclusions With regular monitoring and careful assessment, there was no difference in the risk of SCH between lithium and valproic acid maintenance. The risk of mood stabilizer-associated SCH may gradually increase within 3 years following the commencement of medication, thereby mandating close monitoring for the first 3 years of treatment. Further studies with large sample size would be needed to confirm these findings.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2013

Objective : As treatments for breast cancer require long period of time, the patients need continuous monitoring and management of their health related quality of life. The purpose of this preliminary study is to explore the utility of monitoring quality of life using a mobile phone based application, which was developed to enable the patients to report daily quality of life more efficiently. Methods : Department of psychiatry, breast cancer center and U-health team of Asan Medical Center collaborated in developing a mobile application titled 'DugunDugun'. Through the application, patients with breast cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could report on various questions about their daily quality of life. We extracted and explored the daily basis of the data of sleep duration, number of awake, sleep satisfaction, mood and anxiety from nine patients who reported on the questionnaire for more than a month. Results : The longitudinal data collected using our mobile application well represented the characteristics of individual sleep patterns and daily emotional changes. Most of the patients showed high daily variations in the scores of their quality of life while their averaged scores were similar among patients. The patient with highest daily variations in the subjective sleep quality and daily emotional change had highest score corresponding to moderate depression in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Conclusion : The results suggest that mobile application could be a useful tool for monitoring and collecting the daily quality of life in the patients with breast cancer. We expect that mobile application could facilitate early detection and proper intervention for the cancer patients at psychological crisis.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2017

Objectives A retrospective case series study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of psychotic disorders induced by appetite suppressants, phentermine and phendimetrazine. Methods A retrospective electronic medical record review identified 5 admitted patients who had psychotic symptoms after taking phentermine or phendimetrazine. Clinical information was reviewed and summarized in each case. Results Hallucinations were reported in all cases, including auditory, visual, olfactory and somatic hallucinations. After discontinuation of phentermine or phendimetrazine, the symptoms rapidly improved with low dose of antipsychotics. Patients tended to have less prominent negative symptoms and higher insight into illness, and often showed depressive mood. These clinical characteristics were similar to psychosis induced by amphetamines. Two patients developed stimulant use disorder while using phentermine. Conclusions These findings call for awareness of the risks associated with use of appetite suppressants. Prescription of phentermine or phendimetrazine should be accompanied by close monitoring of mental status, and suspicion for substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder.