• 한국균학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2014

2013년 8월, 경기도 화성시에 위치한 과수원에서 체리 과실에 회색의 포자 덩어리가 발생하는 잿빛무늬병 증상이 관찰되었다. 과실에 갈색의 수침상 원형 병반이 나타나고, 진전되면 과실 전체가 부패하였다. 부패된 과실에 회갈색 내지 연회색의 포자덩어리가 관찰되었다. 병든 체리 과실에서 2개의 Monilinia균을 분리하여 균학적 특성을 조사한 결과 M. fructicola로 동정되었다. 이러한 결과를 확인하기 위하여 ITS 영역의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 분리균은 모두 M. fructicola로 확인되었다. 체리 과실을 상처구와 무상처구로 구분하고, 포자현탁액을 접종하여 병원성을 확인한 결과, 접종 7일 후 상처의 유무에 관계없이 분리균을 접종한 부위에서 수침상의 둥근 병반이 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 병을 Monilinia fructicola에 의한 체리잿빛무늬병으로 명명하며, 이 균에 의한 잿빛무늬병의 발생을 국내 최초로 보고한다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

The fruits showing brown rot symptom on dwarf flowering almond were found in Gongju, Chungchungnam-Do in Korea in July 2005. Small water-soaked lesions on the fruits were initiated, and gradually developed to soft rot covered with gray conidia. Then the diseased fruits were shrunk and became grayish-black mummies. A fungus was isolated from the diseased fruit and its morphological, cultural and molecular genetic characteristics were investigated. Typical blastospores of Monilinia spp. were observed under a light microscope both from tissues of the diseased fruits and from PDA-grown cultures. The fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and on PDA. The ITS ribosomal DNA region (650 bp) of the fungus was amplified by PCR and analyzed. Comparative data on ITS sequence homology among Monilinia spp., ITS sequence-based phylogram and morphological characteristics showed that the fungus is Monilinia fructicola. This is the first report on Monilinia fructicola causing brown rot on fruits of dwarf flowering almond in Korea.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Monilinia fructicola에 의해 감염되어 미이라화된 복숭아 열매로부터 Monilinia fructicola에 강한 항진균성 물질 chitinase 및 urease을 분비하는 방선균을 분리하였다 선발된 TH-04 균주는 배양적 .형태적 특성 세포벽 성분 및 세포내 당 성분을 분석한 결과 전형적인 Streptomyces속에 속하는 방선균으로 동정되었다. TH-04 균주는 Monilinia fructicola Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Magnaporthe grisea Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, Alternaria kikuchi-ana, Fusarium solani 및 Fusarium oxysporum 등 8종의 식물병원균에 대하여 항진균 활성을 나타냈다. 항생물질 생산을 위한 배양조건은 온도 $20^{\circ}C$, pH 7 및 배양기간 7일로 확인되었다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.367-370
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• 1998

Monilina fructicola, the brown rot fungus of stone fruits, was isolated from overwintering mummies and peduncles on peach trees from February to March, 1998. The resistant population of these isolates to benzimidazole (benomyl, carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl) and dicarboximide (iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone) was examined. Among 417 isolates, the incidence of isolates resistant to benomyl, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl were 45 (10.8%), 47 (11.3%), and 46 (11.0%), respectively. Forty two (10.0%) isolates showed cross-resistance to benzimidazole fungicides. On the other hand, the resistant isolates against iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone were 186 (44.6%), 1 (0.2%) and 150 (36.0%), respectively. Among the isolates, 116 (27.8%) showed cross-resistance to iprodione and procymidone. Moreover, 27 (6.5%) of 417 isolates showed double-resistance to both benzimidazole (benomyl) and dicarboximide (iprodione).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2024

Brown rot disease, caused by Monilinia spp., poses a significant threat to pome and stone fruit crops globally, resulting in substantial economic losses during pre- and post-harvest stages. Monilinia fructigena, M. laxa, and M. fructicola are identified as the key agents responsible for brown rot disease. In this study, we employed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method to assess the genetic diversity of 86 strains of Monilinia spp. isolated from major stone fruit cultivation regions in South Korea. Specifically, strains were collected from Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla provinces (-do). A comparative analysis of strain characteristics, such as isolation locations, host plants, and responses to chemical fungicides, was conducted. AFLP phylogenetic classification using 20 primer pairs revealed the presence of three distinct groups, with strains from Jeolla province consistently forming a separate group at a high frequency. Furthermore, M. fructicola was divided into three groups by the AFLP pattern. Principal coordinate analysis and PERMANOVA were applied to compare strain information, such as origin, host, and fungicide sensitivity, revealing significant partition patterns for AFLP according to geographic origin and host plants. This study represents the utilization of AFLP methodology to investigate the genetic variability among M. fructicola isolates, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and management of variations in the brown rot pathogen.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2001

Dicarboximide-resistant isolates of Monilinia fructicola grew readily on media amended with dicarbosimide fungicides, and showed cross-resistance to pentachlo-ronitrobenzene (PCNB). The fitness of resistant isolates was inferior to that of sensitive isolates. Mycelial growth on fungicide-free medium was not significantly different between the dicarboximide-resistant and sensitive isolates. The originally high $\textrm{EC}_{50}$ values of the resistant isolate decreased after storage for 16 weeks at $4^{\circ}$. After inoculation with the mixture of spore suspensions of resistant and sensitive isolates, the re-isolation rate of the resistant spores was significantly reduced regardless of the mixing ratio. From the results, it could be concluded that the competitive ability of the resistant isolates is inferior to the sensitive ones.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.340-344
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• 1999

Fungicide-resistant isolates of Monilinia fructicola grew readily on media amended with 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and $1,000\mu\textrm{g}$ a.i./ml of carendazim, benomyl, or thiophanate-methyl. However, sensitive isolates did not grow on media amended even with $0.1\mu\textrm{g}$ a.i./ml of carbendazim, $1.0\mu\textrm{g}$ a.i./ml of benomyl or thiophanate-methyl. The fitness compositions including mycelial growth on fungicide-free medium, sporulation on fungicide-free medium and pear, and virulence on pear were not different between resistant and sensitive isolates. The resistant isolates persisted carbendazim resistance during multiple subdulturing and long term storage. The competitive ability of resistant isolates obtained from peach orchards in Korea was similar to those of sensitive isolates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

The population shifts of Monilinia fructicola isolates which were resistant to the fungicide benzimidazoles were investigated in four regions of Korea from 1998 to 2000. The isolation frequency of benzimidazole-resistant isolates ranged from 18.8% to 29.6% in Chongdo and from $22.0\%$ to $26.8\%$ in Gyeongsan during the same period. However, the frequency of benzimidazoleresistant isolates was less than $4.0\%$ in Chochiwon and Youngduk during the same period. Benzimidazoleresistant isolates showed cross-resistance among benzimidazoles. On the other hand, none of the isolates showed cross-resistance to diethofencarb and carbendazim. Regardless of the year, the benzimidazole-resistant isolates of $EC_{50}$ higher than 500 $\mug%$ a.i./ml were isolated more frequently in mid and late season than in early season. In an orchard of Gyeongsan that had not been exposed to any fungicides for several years, the population of benzimidazole-resistant isolate had persisted without much fluctuation for three years. These results suggest that benzimidazole resistance of M. fructicola is becoming a problem in controlling brown rot and blossom blight of peach in regions like Chongdo and Gyeongsan.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2006

To characterize benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive Monilinia fructicola populations, the fungal isolates were obtained from peach plants showing brown rot and bloosom blight. Benzimidazole-sensitive isolates did not grow on potato dextrose agar(PDA) amended with $\geq1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient(a.i.)/ml of the fungicides. However, benzimidazole-resistant isolates grew on PDA regardless of the tested concentrations of fungicides. Benzimidazole-resistant isolates did not grow on diethofencarb-PDA, but sensitive isolates grew on the same PDA. In the nucleotide sequences of $\beta$-tubulin gene, only codon 198(GAG: glutamic acid), a target site for benzimidazole, was replaced with GCG(alanine) in all of the resistant isolates, and this substitution seems to play an important role in the development of resistance. Other interesting codons such as 165(GCT), 200(TTC), and 241(GCT) were not changed among the isolates. Benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive isolates were clustered clearly in random amplified polymerphic DNA analyses and the results revealed that low levels of genetic diversity between benzimidazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of M. fructicola in the investigated regions.

• 식물병연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2016

2015년 6월에 살구나무(Modern과 Alexander 품종)에 잿빛무늬병이 발생하였으며, 과실에 대한 발병률은 5% 정도였다. 잿빛무늬병은 발생 초기 살구 과실의 표면에 작은 갈색 반점이 생기다가 병이 진전된 후에는 점차 확대되어 수침상의 병반이 퍼지고, 시간이 더 지나면 갈변된 원형의 병반 위에 백색의 포자 덩어리가 밀생하여 결국에는 과실 전체가 부패하였다. 특히, 수확기 1-2주를 앞두고 잿빛무늬병 발생이 더욱 심하였다. M. fructicola 분생포자는 분지된 염주상으로 사슬모양을 나타냈으며, 단생, 투명하고, 난형-레몬형으로 크기는 $14.6-18.0{\times}8.5-11{\mu}m$였다. 살구 잿빛무늬병을 일으키는 병원균의 형태적 특징, 병원성 검정, rDNA의 ITS 영역의 염기서열 분석을 기초로 M. fructicola로 동정하였으며, NCBI에서 BLAST search한 결과 M. fructicola로 등록된 GenBank accession Nos. KC544809, JN176564, FJ515894, KM279616 등과 100% 일치하는 것으로 확인되었다.