• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2001

It is said that the highlights of Naadam festival, the biggest festival of the year in Mongolia, are three athletic contests: wrestling, horse racing, and archery, where contestants display their courage, strength, dexterity, and marksmanship. This paper explores the characteristics of the uniforms worn in such athletic events The findings are as follows. First, wrestlers' costume is completely unique in that it consists of shuudag, snug shorts, zodog, a jacket with sleeves but with no front, a traditional hat, and gutul, traditional boots. The main material used in the costume is several pieces of embroidered red or blue silk. Second, horse riders, usually young children lighter than the adults in weight, wear a bright, colorful, and comfortable uniform of a simple jacket and a pants. Third, archers' mostly put on their traditional costume, deel and hats. The hats are of two kinds: the traditional ones or the European-style ones for men, which were introduced around 1930s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.167-177
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• 2002

This study revolves around the costume of the Naadam festival worn in the opening ceremony. during competition and the costume of the public. their purpose are two fold. First they are to be the main reference for the diverse Mongolian costumes that have been researched. Secondly, they will help us understand better the culture that revolves around Mongolian costumes. The results are as follows : 1) The opening ceremony costume, The opening ceremony starts with a procession of soldiers with 9 flags. The flags are made from the hairs of white horses and they signify peace and tranquility, ever since the beginning of Chinggis Khans time. The costumes resemble a European military uniform 2) The costumes for competition. $\circled1$ Wrestlers' costume comprises of a jacket with sleeves but no front and shorty shorts of red or blue colored silk, a traditional hat and traditional boots. $\circled2$ Archers' costume comprises of their traditional costume, deel, hat and boots. $\circled3$ Horse riders who are usually children wear a comfortable and simple jacket and pants. 3) The costume of the public : The general public that attended the festival were dressed in a western fashion but differ according to different age groups $\circled1$ The costumes of the younger Mongolian : The majority of the men wore traditional costumes that were appropriate to the festival, the women did not as they were more prone to the influence of fads of western cultures and dressed in a more daring fashion. In addition. the children also dressed in a more modem western fashion. $\circled2$ The costumes of the elderly Mongolian : The elderly, oblivious of whatever season it was, were dressed in a more traditional fashion which is the deel.