• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The study investigated the association between indoor air pollution (IAP) and risk factors for acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms in children under 5 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data derived from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey in 2017. Binary logistic regression modeling was employed to examine each predictor variable associated with ARI among children under 5 years of age in Indonesia. Results: The study included a total of 4936 households with children. Among children under 5 years old, 7.2% reported ARI symptoms. The presence of ARI symptoms was significantly associated with the type of residence, wealth index, and father's smoking frequency, which were considered the sample's socio-demographic characteristics. In the final model, living in rural areas, having a high wealth index, the father's smoking frequency, and a low education level were all linked to ARI symptoms. Conclusions: The results revealed that households in rural areas had a substantially higher level of reported ARI symptoms among children under 5 years old. Furthermore, the father's smoking frequency and low education level were associated with ARI symptoms.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2006

The ischemia-responsive 94 gene (irp94) encoding a 94 kDa endoplasmic reticulum resident protein was investigated its molecular properties associated with unfoled protein responses. First, the expression of irp94 mRNA was tested after the reperfusion of the transient forebrain ischemia induction at the central nervous system in three Mongolian gerbils. Second, irp94 expression in PC12 cells, which are derived from transplantable rat pheochromocytoma cultured in the DMEM media, was tested at transcriptional and translational levels. The half life of irp94 mRNA was also determined In PC12 cells. Last, the changes of irp94 mRNA expression were investigated by the addition of various ER stress inducible chemicals (A23187, BFA, tunicamycin, DTT and $H_2O_2$) and proteasome inhibitors, and heat shock. High level expression of irp94 mRNA was detected after 3 hours reperfusion in the both sites of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the gerbil brain. The main regulation of irp94 mRNA expression in PC 12 cells was determined at the transcriptional level. The half life of irp94 mRNA in PC12 cells was approximately 5 hours after the initial translation. The remarkable expression of irp94 mRNA was detected by the treatment of tunicamycin, which blocks glycosylation of newly synthesized polypeptides, and $H_2O_2$, which induces apoptosis. When PC12 cells were treated with the cytosol proteasome inhibitors such as ALLN (N-acetyl-leucyl-norleucinal) and MG 132 (methylguanidine), irp94 mRNA expression was increased. These results indicate that expression of irp94 was induced by ER stress including oxidation condition and glycosylation blocking in proteins. Expression of irp94 was increased when the cells were chased after heat shock, suggesting that irp94 may be involved in recovery rather than protection against ER stresses. In addition, irp94 expression was remarkably increased when cytosol proteasomes were inhibited by ALLN and MG 132, suggesting that irp94 plays an important role for maintaining the ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation) function.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2015

뮤코다당증(mucopolysaccharidosis)은 글리코사미노글리칸(glycosaminoglycans)의 분해에 필요한 리소좀 효소의 결함으로 인해 야기되는 질병으로 글리코사미노글리칸의 대사 산물이 세포의 리소좀 내에 축적되어 세포, 조직 그리고 기관의 기능 이상을 초래해 신체적, 신경학적인 퇴행을 보이며, 심한 경우 조기에 사망하게 되는 다양한 임상양상을 보이는 질환이다. 뮤코다당증 가운데 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 헌터증후군(뮤코다당증 제2형)은 조기에 진단하여 효소보충요법을 시행하는 것이 중요하다. 본 증례는 언어발달지연과 등과 엉덩이에 몽고반점, 간비대, 두껍고 거친 피부가 있었으며 과성장된 신체 검진소견을 보였던 환아에서, 뇌자기공명영상 검사 결과에서 뇌교량체에 다수의 낭종, 백색질에 비정상 신호 증가 병변들, 미만성 뇌수축 소견을 보여 헌터증후군을 의심하였으며 효소검사 결과를 통해 확진하였다. 저자들은 언어발달지연을 주소로 내원한 환아에게 시행한 뇌자기공명영상에서 조기에 헌터증후군을 의심하여 효소검사를 통해 확진을 할 수 있었던 증례를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.335-345
• /
• 1996

허혈/재관류 뇌손상에서 활성산소류의 역할이 중요시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모래쥐의 총경동맥을 묶었다 풀어줌으로써 실험적 허혈/재관류 손상을 유도하고 산화성 스트레스 발생 유무와 이러한 산화성 스트레스가 세포손상으로 연결되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 해마는 뇌조직 중에서도 특히 산화성 스트레스에 취약한 부분이므로 해마에서 얻은 조직을 대뇌피질에서 얻은 조직과 비교분석하였다. 또한, 이들 부위에서 heat shock protein 70(HSP70)의 발현이 허혈/재관류 손상에 미치는 영향도 검색하고자 하였다. 허혈/재관류에 의한 산화성 스트레스의 지표로써 글루타치온 산화정도, GSSG/(GSH+2xGSSG)를 측정하였을 때 주로 해마에서 산화지표가 상승됨을 관찰하였다. 한편 산화성 스트레스가 세포손상으로 연결되는지를 알아보고자 지질과산화물을 측정하였다. 두 부위 모두에서 지질과산화물 형성의 증가가 있었으며 대뇌피질에서보다 해마에서 더 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 지질과산화물 형성의 정도나 시간적 변화양상이 글루타치온 산화의 그것들과 유사하였다. 이러한 결과들은 허혈/재관류에 의해 산화성 스트레스가 형성되며 동시에 이러한 산화성 스트레스가 세포 손상을 초래함을 보여준다. 또한 산화성 스트레스 및 산화성 세포손상 정도가 대뇌피질보다는 해마에서 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 피질과 해마에서 HSP70의 기초발현(basal level) 정도는 차이가 없었다. 이는 해마의 취약성이 HSP70 발현 결핍에 기인하지 않았음을 나타낸다. 반면 허혈/재관류에 의한 HSP70의 발현유도는 해마조직에서 제대로 이주어지지 않았고 northern blot결과 이는 전사단계에서의 부친에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들로 볼 때 허혈/재관류에 의한 뇌손상에서 HSP70 유도정도를 측정하는 것이 세포의 취약성을 예측할 수 있는 지표로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.323-334
• /
• 1996

웅성 모래쥐의 양경동맥을 7분간 폐쇄하여(OBC7) 뇌의 허혈을 유발하여, 해마의 microdialysate내 polyamine 함량과 조직내 polyamine 생합성효소(ornithine decarboxylase: ODC와 S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: SAM-DC)의 활성도를 분석하고, 해마의 cresyl violet(CV) 염색과 glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) 면역염색소견들을 관찰하여, 허혈성 해마의 신경손상과 polyamine대사의 연관성을 검토하였다. 1) OBC부하 후, 해마의 dialysate내 polyamine 변동에서, putrescine(PT)은 현저히 증가되었으나, spermidine과 spermine은 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였고, 이에 해마조직내 ODC활성의 현저한 상승과 SAM-DC활성도의 유의한 저학 동반되었다. 2) Difluoromethylornithine(DFMO)는 OBC에 의한 PT증가와 ODC활성도 상승을 유의하게 억제하였으나, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)(MGBG)는 각각 다소 억제하는 경향을 보였다. 3) OBC부하 7일후에 관찰한 조직소견에서, 해마의 CA1 부위의 유의한 신경손상이 유도되었으나 CA3와 dentate gyrus 부위에는 미약한 손상만 보였으며, GFAP 양성반응도 CA1 부위에서만 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이같은 소견들은 DFMO에 의하여 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나 MGBG에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었다. 이상의 성적들은 해마 polyamine의 과도한 허혈성 증가가 허혈성 신경손상에 관여할 수 있으나, 한편으로 polyamine대사의 과도한 억제도 허혈성 신경손상을 악화시킬 수 있으며, 허혈성뇌손상에 대한 MGBG의 보호작용은 polyamine 대사보다는 다른 작용에 매개되는 것으로 사료된다. 가장 많았고 습진과 소양증이 각각 19.5%였다. 30대 환자군에서는 습진이 30.3%였고 소양증이 19.1%였다. 40대에서는 소양증이 28.8%였고 지루성 피부염이 16.0%였다. 50대에서는 습진이 26.7%였고 60세 이상의 그룹에서는 습진이 50.0%, 바이러스 질환과 소양증이 각각 15.0%였다. 이들 결과는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다($X^2\;=\;74.995^{**}$, p = .001, df : 40). 결론 : 상대적으로 50세 이상 연령충의 대상 환자 수가 많지 않은 원인은 여리 가지 분석이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 연령에 따라 피부질환이 다른 양상을 보임을 고려할 때 노인층의 신체적, 경제적, 사회적 특성을 이해하고 이에 따른 효과적이고 사회-경제학적 부담을 최소할 수 있는 한방 치료 영역의 확대 및 개발이 필요할 것으로 사려된다.주식 및 후식의 선호도에 남녀 간에 차이를 보이고 있으므로 단체급식을 위한 식단 작성 시 이러한 차이를 고려할 필요가 있으며 대학생 및 성인을 대상으로 한 영양 교육을 실시할 때 이러한 차이를 고려한 신생활 교정프로그램을 작성할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.$은 대조군에 비해 발아에 의하여 세포독성 효과를 증가되었지만, MCF-7와 Caco-2에 대한 항암효과는 없음을 알 수 있었다.것으로 사료된다.높게 인식할수록 재방문의도 및 추천의도가 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 대학교 급식소 운영주체에 대한 소비자 인지도 조사결과 향후 대학교 급식소를 운영하는 위탁급식 전문업체의 경우 그들의 브랜드를 알리기 위한 홍보전략이 절실히 필요함을 알 수 있었으며, 최근고객감소로 인하여 다양한 급식운영 마케팅전략을 수립하고 있는 단체급식 운영자들은 재방문 및 추천의도의 선행요건이 급식서비스 품질에 대한 소비자의 인식임을 명심하여 가장 기본이 되는 급식서비스 품질수준을 향상시키기 위하여 노력하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.467-475
• /
• 2001

Cardiac arrest, hypoxia, shock or seizure has been known to induce cerebral ischemia. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ischemia on hippocampal pyramidal layer induced by transient bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Mature Mongolian gerbils were sacrificed at days 2, 4, and 7 after carotid occlusion for 10 minutes. Sham-operated gerbils of control group were subjected to the same protocol except for carotid occlusion. During operation for ischemia, body temperature was maintained $37{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ in all gerbils. Paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks were cut into coronal slices and stained with H-E stain or immunostain by TUNEL method. Neurons with the oval and prominent nucleus and without the eosinophilic cytoplasm in the subfield of hippocamapal pyramidal layer were calculated as to be viable neurons. Their chromatins were condensed or clumped. Their nuclei appeared multiangular or irregularly shrinked. The width of the pyramidal layer was reduced due to the loss of nuclei. At day 2 after reperfusion, some neurons in the CA1 subfield were slightly eosinophilic. But most neurons in the CA2 subfield were strongly eosinophilic. At day 4 day, most neurons in the CA1 subfield were severely damaged and at day 7 day, only a few survived neurons were observed. Survived neurons per longitudinal 1mm sector in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 subfields of pyramidal layer were investigated. At day 2, the mean numbers of pyramidal neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 subfiedls were 104.5/mm (54.3%), 51.0/mm (33.8%), 105.5/mm (85.6%), and 124.3/mm (93.5%) compared to the nonischemic control group, respectively. At day 4, the mean numbers of pyramidal neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 subfields were 3.2/mm (1.7%), 51.5/mm(34.2%), 95.3/mm (77.4%), and 112.5/mm (84.6%), respectively. At day 7, the mean numbers of pyramidal neurons in CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 subfiedls were 0.8/mm (0.4%), 5.7/mm(3.8%), 9.8/mm (8.0%), and 5.0/mm (3.7%), respectively. The mean numbers of apoptotic positive neurons in the CA1 subfield at day 2, 4, and 7 after reperfusion were 67.8/mm, 153.2/mm and 123.7/mm, respectively. These results suggest that the transient cerebral ischemia cause severe damages in most neurons at day 7 and that the prosminent apoptotic positive neurons in hippocampal pyramidal layer are the delayed neuronal death induced by ischemia.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.117-153
• /
• 2013

Objective : Two famous medical doctors, Yoo Itae(以泰, 爾泰) and Riu Euitae(義泰), have been well known in academic world and public in Sancheong-gun. Yoo Itae is the progenitor of Majinhak which is the therapy for measles, he wrote a "Majinpyun" as the first book of therapy for measles in Chosun. Riu Euitae, meanwhile, is a fictional medical doctor and a teacher of Heo Jun who became real without confirmation of historical truths by Roh Jeongwoo who heard about a name, Yoo Itae. Roh's assertion was quoted in the report of literatures, papers, novel, and telecast without verification. His assertion is exposed in novel and media and it has seriously distorted the history. The purpose of this study is to rectify the historical distortion. Methods : Various references study was performed. Confirmed a family tree, birth and death year, birthplace, sepulture, words on a tombstone, writing, collections of works anthology and the existence of keepsake. Investigated records of royal family, Sancheong-gun papers, Sancheong Hyanggyo papers, Dongyuhagan, Chosun Hanryuseungram and the record of Sawoo Munjip(anthology). Analyzed Roh Jungwoo's conversation that tells Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun and contents of an encyclopedia. Listened to testimony of descendants and assertions of historian in rural area. Verified voice recording on books taken from at birthplace and the space of activity. Results : Yoo Itae is well shown in various records and medical writing books, whereas Riu Euitae does not. Riu Euitae is not a real person in the history. Roh Jeongwoo who asserts Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun admits his mistake. But, the encyclopedia record describing Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun, government official at Sancheong district office, historians in rural area, historians in rural area who made a family shrine, gravestone, a statue, memorial, historic site of Riu Euitae on Jinju Rui could not suggest any evidences for the existence of Riu Euitae and for record Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun. Conclusion : Riu Euitae is neither a real person in the history nor a teacher of Heo Jun. Riu Euitae came from pronunciation confusion between 'I' and 'Eui' in Kyungsang province. Riu Euitae is Yoo Itae on Geochang Yoo who was a medical doctor of King, Sukjeong and wrote medical books including , , .

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information about Siberia Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus), and to establish a conservation area for the replacement of Siberia Musk Deer into Mt. Odea National Park, South Korea. We analyzed the main habitat for Siberia Musk Deer restoration in Mt. Odae National Park, Korea. We recorded Siberia Musk Deers' field signs (i.e., bedding sites, feeding areas, feces and tracks), and habitat variables such as nearest distance to the watercourse, trails, slope, aspect, forest type and land cover etc. from Dec. 2004 to Aug. 2007 in Mt. Jiri, Mt. Seorak, and Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). Rocky areas, ridges, mixed coniferous forest (Red pine and Mongolian oak), southern and southeastern slope, elevation of above 800m, and distance from watercourse shorter than 300m etc. were dominant habitat types of Siberia Musk Deer. Based on the significant habitat types, a proper conservation plan should be prepared for the restoration of habitats in order to reintroduce, and to increase the population of Siberia Musk Deer in Mt. Odea National Park, South Korea. Small population size, and limited ecological data are the major constraints for the establishment of conservation areas. Furthermore, other anthropogenic factors including human activities, poaching, and residential area around the park caused the difficulties to qualify as a conservation area. For the successful establishment of conservation area in the future, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive ecological research, and to survey human disturbances including their impacts on the habitats of Siberia Musk Deer in the Mt. Odea National Park.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권9호
• /
• pp.5397-5402
• /
• 2013

The rates of morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not lessened because of difficulty in treating tumor metastasis. Mongolian Saussurea involucrata (SIE) possesses various anticancer activities, including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, detailed effects and molecular mechanisms of SIE on metastasis are unclear. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate antimetastatic effects on HCC cells as well as possible mechanisms. Effects of SIE on the growth, adhesion, migration, aggregation and invasion of the SK-Hep1 human HCC cell line were investigated. SIE inhibited cell growth of metastatic cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Incubation of SK-Hep1 cells with $200-400{\mu}g/mL$ of SIE significantly inhibited cell adhesion to gelatin-coated substrate. In the migration (wound healing) and aggregation assays, SIE treated cells showed lower levels than untreated cells. Invasion assays revealed that SIE treatment inhibited cell invasion capacity of HCC cells substantially. Quantitative real time PCR showed inhibitory effects of SIE on MMP-2/-9 and MT1-MMP mRNA levels, and stimulatory effects on TIMP-1, an inhibitor of MMPs. The present study not only demonstrated that invasion and motility of cancer cells were inhibited by SIE, but also indicated that such effects were likely associated with the decrease in MMP-2/-9 expression of SK-Hep1 cells. From these results, it was suggested that SIE could be used as potential anti-tumor agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.445-452
• /
• 2004

Genetic diversity of sub-Saharan African goats was assessed using 19 microsatellite markers. Breeds were sampled from eastern Africa (Maasai, Kigezi, Mubende, North West Highland, Arsi-Bale), southern Africa (Ndebele, Pafuri) and West Africa (West African Dwarf, Maure, Djallonke). European breeds (Grisons Striped, Toggenburg), Asian breeds (Mongolian Cashmere, Bandipur) and a Middle East breed (Arab) were also included. The mean number of alleles per locus and average gene diversity ranged from 5.26$\pm$0.464 (Djallonke) to 7.05$\pm$0.516 (Mubende) and from 0.542$\pm$0.036 (Pafuri) to 0.672$\pm$0.031 (Ndebele), respectively. The between breeds variation evaluated using $$G_{ST}$$ and $\theta$ were found to account for 14.6% ($\theta$) and 15.7% ($$G_{ST}$$) of the total genetic variation. The $D_{A}$ measure of genetic distance between pairs of breeds indicated that the largest genetic distance was between Pafuri and Djallonke while the lowest genetic distance was between Arsi-Bale and North West Highland. A neighbour-joining tree of breed relationships revealed that the breeds were grouped according to their geographic origins. Principal component analysis supported the grouping of the breeds according to their geographic origins. It was concluded that the relationships of sub-Saharan African goat breeds were according to their geographical locations implying that the goats of eastern Africa, West Africa and southern Africa are genetically distinct. Within each sub-region, goat populations could be differentiated according to morphological characteristics.