• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

버켓작업대는 새롭게 개발되는 해상 구조물로서 교량기초 등의 시공을 위한 장비 및 인력의 임시 작업공간을 제공하는데 이용된다. 버켓작업대는 작업하중의 편심, 파도 및 바람의 수평하중 등에 의해 모멘트 하중이 작용한다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 3차원 유한요소 수치해석을 수행하여 버켓작업대의 모멘트 지지력을 산정하였다. 우선, 버켓에 대한 현장실험 결과와 비교하여 수치모델링의 적용성을 분석하였다. 그리고, 흙의 밀도, 버켓의 직경과 지중 근입깊이 등 다양한 조건에 대한 변수연구를 수행하였다. 지반조건은 균질한 사질토 조건을 적용하였으며 모멘트 하중은 지지대 상판의 중앙지점 회전각을 증가시켜면서 재하하였다. 모멘트-회전 해석결과로부터 모멘트 지지력을 산정한 결과 지지력이 버켓의 직경과 근입깊이에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 최종적으로 해석결과를 종합하여 버켓작업대의 예비설계를 위한 모멘트 지지력 예측식을 제안하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2018

Design of structures subjected to blast loads are usually carried out through nonlinear inelastic dynamic analysis followed by imposing acceptance criteria specified in design codes. In addition to comprehensive aspects of inelastic dynamic analyses, particularly in analysis and design of structures subjected to transient loads, they inherently suffer from convergence and computational cost problems. In this research, a strategy is proposed for design of steel moment resisting frames under far range blast loads. This strategy is inspired from performance based seismic design concepts, which is here developed to blast design. For this purpose, an algorithm is presented to calculate the capacity modification factors of frame members in order to simplify design of these structures subjected to blast loading. The present method provides a simplified design procedure in which the linear dynamic analysis is preformed, instead of the time-consuming nonlinear dynamic analysis. Nonlinear and linear analyses are accomplished in order to establish this design procedure, and consequently the final design procedure is proposed as a strategy requiring only linear structural analysis, while acceptance criteria of nonlinear analysis is implicitly satisfied.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.769-778
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• 2019

The specially prefabricated steel moment connections with pyramid head is one of the significant innovations in the steel structures forms to improve the installation time and simplify the construction procedure. The beams in this structure form are supported by two top and bottom angles and web double angles. Such a configuration despite its advantages increases the welding operation and filed installation time and costs. In this paper, the effect of using beams with channel and I section in three classes of seismically compact, seismically non-compact, and slender section according to width-to-thickness ratio on the behavior of the connection was investigated under monotonic and cyclic loading. Modeling was performed by ABAQUS and verified by the results of an experimental specimen. The findings indicated that using I and channel section instead of angle section reduces the amount of welding materials as well as easing the installation procedure. However, it has no significant effect on the ultimate strength and ductility of the connection. Furthermore, if the beam section is seismically compact, this form is considered as a special moment frame that has a rotation capacity up to 0.04 radians without any reduction in connection moment resistance.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

This paper presents a study on the flexural rigidity of reinforced high strength concrete beams. Thirty six beams with different compressive strength of concrete, tensile reinforcement ratio, compressive reinforcement ratio, and pattern of loadings(1 point loading and 2 points loading) were tested to evaluate the effective moment of inertia. According to the experimental results, the eqation(1) proposed by ACI code for the effective moment of inertia overestimated that of simply supported reinforced high strength concrete beams. Thus, in this paper, an empirical equation(3) is proposed as a lower bound of 90% confidence limit to estimate the effective moment of inertia of simply supported reinforced high strength concrete beams.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-11
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• 2002

A moment-curvature relationship to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under cyclic loading is introduced. Unlike previous moment-curvature models and the layered section approach, the unposed model takes into account the bond-slip effect by using a monotonic moment-curvature relationship constructed on the basis of the bond-slip relation and corresponding equilibrium equation at each nodal point. In addition, the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel gives more exact numerical result. The pinching enact caused by axial force is considered with an assumption that the absorbing energy corresponding to any deformation level maintains constant regardless of the magnitude of applied axial force. The advantages of the proposed model, comparing tn layered section approach, may be on the reduction in calculation time and memory space in case of its application to large structures.. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental studies are conducted to establish the validity of the proposed mood.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.501-516
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• 2017

Numerical simulations are prevalently used to evaluate the seismic behaviour of structures. The accuracy of the simulation results depends directly on the accuracy of the modelling techniques employed to simulate the behaviour of individual structural members. An empirical modelling technique is employed in this paper to simulate the behaviour of column members under cyclic and seismic loading. Despite the common modelling techniques, this technique is capable of simulating two important aspects of the cyclic and seismic behaviour of columns simultaneously. The proposed fiber-based modelling technique captures explicitly the interaction between the bending moment and the axial force in columns, and the cyclic deterioration of the hysteretic behaviour of these members is implicitly taken into account. The fiber-based model is calibrated based on the cyclic behaviour of square hollow steel sections. The behaviour of several column archetypes is investigated under a dual cyclic loading protocol to develop a benchmark database before the calibration procedure. The dual loading protocol used in this study consists of both axial and lateral loading cycles with varying amplitudes. After the calibration procedure, a regression analysis is conducted to derive an equation for predicting a varying calibrated modelling parameter. Finally, several nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted on a 6-story steel special moment frame in order to investigate how the results of numerical simulations can be affected by employing the intended modelling technique for columns instead of other common modelling techniques.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1993

Stress relaxation behaviors of the cucumber under bending moment were tested with UTM at three levels of loading rate and initial deflection ratio. Sample cucumber was selected from three cultivars of cucumber, Cheongjangmadi, Baekdadagi, and Gyeousalicheongjang, because these cultivars are the most popular grown cultivars in Korea. When the bending moment was applied to the cucumber sample, the effective span between simple supports was held a constant value of 116mm with consideration of the selected sample length. The objectives of this study were to develop the rheological models such as linear and nonlinear models of the stress relaxation for the cucumber samples, and to investigate the effects of loading rate and initial deflection ratio on the stress relaxation behavior of the cucumber. The results of this study may be summarized as follows : 1. Stress relaxation behavior of the cucumber could be well described by the generalized Maxwell model for each level of deflection ratio. But the stress relaxation behavior of the sample was found to be initial deflection ratio and time dependent, and it was represented the nonlinear viscoelastic model as a function of initial deflection ratio and time. 2. Stress relaxation behavior of the cucumber samples was very highly affected by the loading rate and the initial deflection ratio. The more loading rate and initial deflection ratio resulted in the more initial bending stress and after stress relaxation progressed more rapidly. 3. At the same test conditions, it was found that the stress relaxation rate of Cheongjangmadi was faster than that of other cultivars.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2011

반복수평하중을 받는 말뚝의 거동은 반복하중의 크기와 재하횟수 뿐만 아니라 반복하중의 재하방법(한방향 또는 양방향 재하)에도 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 반복수평하중의 재하방법이 모래지반에 타입된 항타말뚝의 거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 가압토조를 이용한 모형말뚝재하시험을 수행하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 반복수평하중을 한방향으로 받는 말뚝의 누적 영구수평변위는 최초 재하방향과 같은 방향으로 발생하지만, 반복하중을 양방향으로 받는 말뚝의 영구수평변위는 최초 재하방향과 반대 방향으로 발생하였다. 그리고 이와 같은 반복하중의 재하방법에 따른 말뚝 영구수평변위의 변화로 인해 한방향 반복재하는 말뚝의 반복극한수평지지력을 감소시키고 양방향 반복 재하는 말뚝의 반복극한수평지지력을 증가시켰으며, 수평하중의 반복재하횟수가 많아질수록 하중의 재하방법에 따른 말뚝의 반복극한수평지지력 차이는 더욱 확대되었다. 또한 반복수평하중의 재하방법에 따른 말뚝 주변지반의 다짐도 차이로 인해 수평하중이 반복재하되는 동안 말뚝에 발생하는 최대 휨모멘트는 반복하중이 양방향보다 한방향으로 재하되는 경우에 더 크게 나타났다. 그러나 극한상태에서 말뚝에 발생한 최대 휨모멘트는 반복하중이 한방향보다 양방향으로 재하된 경우에 그리고 반복재하를 받은 경우보다 그렇지 않은 경우에 더 큰 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.603-608
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• 1997

Studies on the second-order analysis of reinforced concrete columns have been chiefly dealt with symmetric section under uniaxial loading. In practical situations, however, columns are subjected to biaxial loadings. Therefore, for more accurate prediction of the behavior of concrete columns under biaxial loading, the interaction between bending moments of major and minor axes should be considered. Recently Kim & Lee proposed a numerical method of predicting the behavior of concrete columns under biaxial loading. In this paper, to investigate the behavior of concrete columns under biaxial loading and verify the validity of proposed method, a series of test were carried out for sixteen tied reinforced columns with 100${\times}$100mm square and 200${\times}$100mm rectangular sections under various loading conditions. The length of columns was 1,300mm and the concrete strength was 28MPa. The boundary conditions at the both ends were hinged and end eccentricities were equal(400mm). Proposed numerical analyses applied to the test piece were performed to predict behavior of concrete columns with square and rectangular sections under various loading conditions. Test results were also compared with those using the moment magnifier method in ACI code. The test results showed that the moment magnifier method is conservative.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2013

The cross sections of multi-span beams are sometimes suddenly increased at the interior support of continuous beams to resist high negative moment. An earlier study on elastic lateral torsional buckling of stepped beams was conducted to propose new design equations. This research aims to continue the earlier study by considering the effect of inelastic buckling of stepped beams subjected to pure bending and general loading condition. A three-dimensional finite element-program ABAQUS and a statistical program MINITAB were used in the development of new design equations. The inelastic lateral torsional buckling strengths of 36 and 27 models for singly and doubly stepped beams, respectively, were investigated. The general loading condition consists of 15 loading cases based on the number of inflection point within the unbraced length of the stepped beams. The combined effects of residual stresses and geometrical imperfection were also considered to evaluate the inelastic buckling strengths. The proposed equations in this study will definitely improve current design methods for the inelastic lateral-torsional buckling of stepped beams and will increase efficiency in building and bridge design.