• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.338-346
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• 2018

Two molecular epidemiologic methods, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP) and 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR), are used worldwide in studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Conversely, because of its poor resolution, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is not widely used for MTB. In this study, we improved the 24-locus MIRU-VNTR and PFGE protocols and compared the effectiveness of these approaches for the molecular typing of MTB using 75 clinical isolates obtained from a cohort investigation of high-risk populations infected with MTB. The 24-locus MIRU-VNTR method demonstrated superior discriminatory ability, followed by PFGE and IS6110-RFLP. Next, we analyzed six isolates with clear epidemiologic connections; that is, isolates from patients who attended the same school. IS6110-RFLP and PFGE identified these samples as the same type. By contrast, according to MIRU-VNTR, two isolates differed from four other isolates at one locus each; one isolate was identified as Mtub29 and the other as QUB-26. In summary, the 24-locus MIRU-VNTR assay was the most useful molecular typing method among the three methods investigated due to its discriminatory power, short time required, and availability as an epidemiologic investigation tool. PFGE was the second-best method. Compared with the other loci assessed in the 24-locus MIRU-VNTR assay, the Mtub29 and QUB-26 loci appeared to exhibit greater variability during transmission.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.161-179
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• 2015

Plant have developed sophisticated defence mechanisms against microbial pathogens. The recent accumulated information allow us to understand the nature of plant immune responses followed by recognition of microbial factors/determinants through cutting-edge genomics and multi-omics techniques. However, the practical approaches to sustain plant health using enhancement of plant immunity is yet to be fully appreciated. Here, we overviewed the general concept and representative examples on the plant immunity. The fungal, bacterial, and viral determinants that was previously reported as the triggers of plant immune responses are introduced and described as the potential protocol of biological control. Specifically, the role of chitin, glucan, lipopolysaccharides/extracellular polysaccharides, microbe/pathogen-associated molecular pattern, antibiotics, mimic-phytohormones, N-acyl homoserine lactone, harpin, vitamins, and volatile organic compounds are considered. We hope that this review stimulates scientific community and farmers to broaden their knowledge on the microbial determinant-based biological control and to apply the technology on the integrated pest management program.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.56.1-56.13
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• 2024

Importance: Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPE) is a contagious viral disease of dogs caused by the canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. CPV-2 has a high global evolutionary rate. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 and understanding its epidemiology are essential for controlling CPV-2 infections. Objective: This study examined the risk factors and survival outcomes of dogs infected with CPV-2. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Egypt was performed to determine the evolution of CPV-2 nationally and globally. Methods: An age-matched case-control study was conducted on 47 control and 47 CPV-infected dogs. Conditional logistic regression analysis examined the association between the potential risk factors and CPE in dogs. Survival analysis was performed to determine the survival pattern of the infected dogs. Thirteen fecal samples from infected dogs were collected to confirm the CPV genotype by CPV-2 VP2 gene sequencing, assembly of nucleotide sequences, and phylogenic analysis. Results: Unvaccinated and roamer dogs had eight and 2.3 times higher risks of CPV infection than vaccinated dogs and non-roamer dogs, respectively. The risk of death from CPE was high among dogs without routine visits to veterinary clinics and among non-roamer dogs. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 confirmed its genotype identity and relationship with the CPV-2 c and b clade types. Conclusions and Relevance: This study highlights the potential factors for CPE control, especially vaccination and preventing dogs from roaming freely outside houses. Isolated CPV genotypes are closely related to southern Asian genotypes, suggesting a substantial opportunity for global transmission.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.159-160
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• 2006

We developed novel catalyst, PHENICS composed of the combination of a cyclopentadienyl group to perform a high catalytic activity and a bulky phenoxy group, which performs the production of high molecular weight polyolefin. The polymerization activity of PHENICS at high temperature is higher than well-known CGC catalyst. PHENICS showed the excellent ability of comonomer incorporation into polymer chain. The obtained copolymer had a high molecular weight. The PHENICS catalyst is also active to the copolymerization of ethylene and several vinyl comonomers such as styrene, norbornen, and conjugated dienes. We will discuss new cocatalysts for PHENICS to improve activity and the ability of molecular weight control.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

MYB genes, comprising group of related genes found in animal, plant, and fungal genomes, encode common DNA-binding domains composed of one to four repeat motifs. MYB genes containing two repeats (R2R3) constitute largest MYB gene family in plants. R2R3 MYB genes play important roles in regulation of secondary metabolism, control of cell shape, disease resistance, and hormone response. Eight-four R2R3 MYB genes were retrieved from rice genome for functional characterization of MYB genes. Analysis of MYB domains revealed each MYB domain contains three ${\alpha}$-helices with regularly spaced tryptophan residues. R2R3 MYB genes were divided into four subfamilies based on phylogenic analysis result. Real-time PCR analysis of 34 MYB genes revealed 12 MYB genes were highly expressed in seeds than in leaves, whereas 4 genes were highly expressed in leaves.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6357-6362
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• 2013

Background: The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, results were conflicting. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for the MTHFRC677T polymorphism and ALL risk. Methods: Electronic searches of PubMed and the Chinese Biomedicine database were conducted to select case-control studies containing available genotype frequencies of C677T and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of any association. Results: Case-control studies including 6,371 cases and 10,850 controls were identified. The meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that individuals with the homozygous TT genotype had decreased risk of ALL (OR= 0.776, 95% CI: 0.687~0.877, p< 0.001) in Caucasians (OR= 0.715, 95% CI: 0.655~0.781, p= 0.000). However, results among Asians (OR=0.711, 95% CI: 0.591~1.005, p= 0.055) and others (OR=0.913, 95% CI: 0.656~1.271, p= 0. 590) did not suggest an association. A symmetric funnel plot, the Egger's test (P=0.093), and the Begg- test (P=0.072) were all suggestive of the lack of publication bias. Conclusion: This meta-analysis supports the idea that the MTHFR C677T genotype is associated with risk of ALL in Caucasians. To draw comprehensive and true conclusions, further prospective studies with larger numbers of participants worldwide are needed to examine associations between the MTHFRC677T polymorphism and ALL.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.145.1-145.1
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• 2016

Binding and unbinding between molecular oxygen and metallo-porphyrin is a key process for oxygen delivery in respiration. It can be also used to control spin state of magnetic metallo-porphyrin molecules. Controlling and sensing spin states of magnetic molecules in such reactions at the single molecule level is essential for spintronic molecular device applications. Here, we demonstrate that spin states of metallo-porphyrin on surfaces can be controlled over by binding and unbinding of oxygen molecule, and be sensed using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Kondo localized state of metallo-porphyrin showed significant modification by the binding of oxygen molecule, implying that the spin state was changed. Our density functional theory calculation results explain the observations with the hybridization of unpaired spins in d and ${\pi}^*$ orbitals of metallo-porphyrin and oxygen, respectively. Our study opens up ways to control molecular spin state and Kondo effect by means of molecular binding and unbinding reactions on surfaces.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2008

Malachite Green (MG), a toxic chemical used as a dye, topical antiseptic and antifungal agent for fish, is highly soluble in water, cytotoxic to various mammalian cells and also acts as a liver tumor promoter. In view of its industrial importance and possible exposure to human beings, MG possesses a potential environmental health hazard. So, we performed with HepG2, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to toxicity of MG. And we compared gene expression between control and MG treatment to identify genes that are specifically or predominantly expressed by employing annealing control primer (ACP)-based $GeneFishing^{TM}$ method. The cytotoxicity $(IC_{20})$ of MG was determined above the $0.867{\mu}M$ in HepG2 cell for 48 h treatment. And the DEGs of MG were identified that 5 out of 6 DEGs were upregulated and 1 out of 6 DEGs was down-regulated by MG. Also, MG induced late apoptosis and necrosis in a dose dependent in flow cytometric analysis. Through further investigation, we will identify more meaningful and useful DEGs on MG, and then can get the information on mechanism and pathway associated with toxicity of MG.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1999

This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) with the combination of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and SCMC for the prevention of postoperative adhesions in the dog. After laparotomy, abrasions were made on the surface of ileal serosa in 17 dogs. The animals were randomly divided into the control group (N = 5) which received no treatment, the SCMC-treated group (N = 6), and the SCMC ＆ LMWH-treated group (N = 6). Hematologic values were monitored before laparotomy and 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after laparotomy. The location and score of adhesion were assessed at second laparotomy 3 weeks later, Although the mean adhesion score both in the SCMC-treated group (7.17${\pm}$1.17) and in the SCMC & LMWH-treated group (4.50${\pm}$1.38) was found to be significantly lower than that in the control group (9.40${\pm}$0.89) (p<0.01 and p＜0.01, respectively), more favorable adhesion prevention was achieved in the SCMC ＆ LMWH-treated group in comparison with the SCMC-treated group without any hemor-rhagic complications (p<0.01). This study could conclude that SCMC ＆ LMWH are highly effective in prevention against postoperative adhesion in the dog.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.2245-2249
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• 2010

The physical properties of the LB films with merocyanine dyes have been published and attract attention due to the possibility of molecular structure control. The evaluation of the thin films was focused for the purpose of molecular structure control. The molecular structure in the case of the thin films with dyes can be examine by optical absorption spectra measurements. In the result measured by optical absorption spectra, the $[DX]_{1-x}[DO]_x$ LB films shows a large in-plane anisotropy and the transition dipole moment of red-shifted band is preferentially oriented perpendicular to the dipping direction of the film, while that of the blue-shifted band prefers the dipping direction. The spectrum for $0_{\circ}$, $90_{\circ}$-polarized light coincides with the spectrum for non-polarized light and also with the spectrum was observed in the LB film deposited using a fresh solution. These results show that the aging process does not cause a structural change in chromophore but a change in the degree of molecular orientation. In the results, study of the merocyanine dyes LB films using optical absorption spectra would an interesting problem of absorbance peak shifts and mixed components.