• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.223-224
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• 2005

In this paper, multiple regression analysis of the electrical characteristics for $HfO_2$ thin films grown by metal organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE) was investigated. The electrical properties, such as, the accumulation capacitance and the hysteresis index, are the main factors to determine the characteristics of $HfO_2$ thin films. The input factors on the process are the substrate temperature, Ar gas flow, and $O_2$ gas flow. For statistical analysis, the design of experiments was carried out and the effect plots were used to analyze the manufacturing process. This methodology can predict the electrical characteristics of the thin film growth mechanism related to the process conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2010

We have characterized the parametric and functional properties of live cell and cancer cell according to plasma treatment conditions using Atmospheric Pressure (AP) Plasma with uniquely designed low temperature arc-free unit. AP plasma system showed very highly efficient capabilities of reacting and interfacing directly with live and cancer cells. The parametric results with the types of gases, applied power, applied gap, and process times on cells will be presented in accordance with functional studies of the works. The growth of cancer cells is directly influenced by AP plasma exposure with evaluating plasma conditions in several human cancer cells and understanding how plasma exposure alters molecular signaling pathways. The cells exhibit a slower or faster growth rates compared with untreated cells, depending on the cell types. These results strongly support the conclusion that alterations in one or more of each gene are responsible, at least in part, for plasma-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, it also will be presented that AP plasma has an important role for the improvement of sensor performance due to excellent interface property between enzyme and metal electrode for bio sensor manufacturing process.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

The therapeutic antibody drug market has experienced explosive growth as mAbs become the main therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases. Characterization of glycosylation that directly affects the efficacy and safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is critical for therapeutics development, bioprocess system optimization, lot release, and comparability evaluation. The LC/MS approach has been widely used to structurally characterize mAbs, and recently attempts have been made to obtain comprehensive information on the primary structure and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mAbs through intact protein analysis. In this study, we performed state-of-the-art LC/MS based intact protein analysis to readily identify and characterize glycoforms of various mAbs. Different glycoforms of mAbs produced in different expression cell lines including CHO, SP2/0 and HEK cells were monitored and compared. In addition, the comparability of protein molecular weight, glycoform pattern, and relative abundances of glycoforms between the commercialized trastuzumab biosimilar and the original product was determined in detail using the given platform. Intact mAb analysis allowed us to gain insight into the overall mAb structure, including the complexity and diversity of glycosylation. Furthermore, our analytical platform with high reproducibility is expected to be widely used for biopharmaceutical characterization required at all stages of drug development and manufacturing.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 2022

Glycosylation of aesculetin was performed using amylosucrase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300 to improve the solubility and biological activity of aesculetin. A newly synthesized aesculetin glycoside was identified as α-cichoriin (aesculetin 7-α-D-glucoside) by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The solubility of α-cichoriin was 11 times higher than that of aesculetin because of the attached glucose moiety. Aesculetin and α-cichoriin had no significant effect on the proliferation of normal cells, such as RAW 264.7, but they showed a cell proliferation inhibitory effect on B16F10 melanoma cells. Unlike treatment with aesculetin and α-cichoriin, aesculin (aesculetin 6-β-D-glucoside) showed no antiproliferative activity in B16F10 cells. Based on the molecular structures of aesculin and α-cichoriin, the position where glucose binds to aesculetin and the anomeric configuration between glucose and aesculetin are thought to be important for exerting an antiproliferative effect on the B16F10 cell line. Based on these results, we propose that α-cichoriin, the α-glycosylated form of aesculetin, may serve as a model for developing phytochemical analogs with therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases associated with tumor cell proliferation without cytotoxicity to normal cells.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

Despite the increasing importance of manufacturing and application R&D for ultrapure deionized water and electrolyzed ion water, various and systematic studies have not been conducted until now. In this study, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) behavior of electrolyzed ion water using a proton exchange membrane(PEM) was evaluated according to the type, flow rate, and bubble of electrolyzed ion water. In addition, by observing that Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) value returns to the unique value of electrolyzed ion water after electrostatic discharge, the possibility of two types of ions participating in electrostatic discharge ((H₂O)_n⁺ (assumed)) and ions for maintaining the characteristics of electrolyzed water could be inferred. In order to confirm the chemical structure and characteristics of the cations, in-depth research related to water molecular orbital energy or band gap should be followed.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2024

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have shown great potential as a new generation of energy harvesters because they possess many unique properties, including mechanical flexibility, lightweight, semi-transparency, and low-fabrication costs. Recent advancements in molecular structure and device engineering have led to achieving power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 19%. However, these highly efficient active layer materials have been hampered in their commercialization by complex synthesis steps that result in high manufacturing costs. To address this issue, research is actively underway on low-cost active layer materials with simple structures. This paper introduces such cost-effective active layer materials and strategies for their synthesis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2024

The etiology and pathophysiology of delayed inflammatory reactions caused by hyaluronic acid fillers have not yet been elucidated. Previous studies have suggested that the etiology can be attributed to the hyaluronic acid filler itself, patient's immunological status, infection, and injection technique. Hyaluronic acid fillers are composed of high-molecular weight hyaluronic acids that are chemically cross-linked using substances such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The mechanism by which BDDE cross-links the two hyaluronic acid disaccharides is still unclear and it may exist as a fully reacted cross-linker, pendant cross-linker, deactivated cross-linker, and residual cross-linker. The hyaluronic acid filler also contains impurities such as silicone oil and aluminum during the manufacturing process. Impurities can induce a foreign body reaction when the hyaluronic acid filler is injected into the body. Aseptic hyaluronic acid filler injections should be performed while considering the possibility of biofilm formation or delayed inflammatory reaction. Delayed inflammatory reactions tend to occur when patients experience flu-like illnesses; thus, the patient's immunological status plays an important role in delayed inflammatory reactions. Large-bolus hyaluronic acid filler injections can induce foreign body reactions and carry a relatively high risk of granuloma formation.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

Photo-curable material can be crosslinked among molecules by light source such as UV and visible light materials. Material properties are controlled by crosslink reaction. Shrinkage is occured during the curing reaction of material structure. Phenomenon of shrinkage stress occurs inside the product and reduce the stability of the product causes problems. Heat shrink the evaluation of the phenomenon has been formalized. But the evaluation of photo shrink is not enough. In this experiment, real-time contract with shrinkage tester phenomena and analysis degree of shrinkage of the material differences. According to the research, experimental results and theoretical analysis of the results were big differences. Shrinkage, especially for a number of different functional groups that were very different theory. These differences are occurred by the molecular structure different and not enough reaction.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Fermented functional onion juice was developed using lactic acid bacteria as a fermentation starter of onion. From the preliminary studies, we selected the bacterium KC-007 (named as Pediococcus pentosaceus based on morphological and physiological characteristics, carbon utilization pattern, and molecular genetic characteristics) as a fermentation starter. The optimum recipe of functional fermented onion juice based on manufacturing process and sensory evaluation were determined as 27% of fermentation liquer, 27% of apple juice, 3.7% of HFCS, 1.86% of $\beta$-cyclodextrin, 0.9% of oligosaccharide, 0.2% of apple flavor, 0.09% of citric acid, and 39.25% of water.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.217-222
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper was to synthesize a polymer organic hard mask that simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces process time significantly, and thereby lowers manufacturing costs. The results of measuring residual metals through vapor refining showed that 9-Naphthalen-1-ylcarbazole(9-NC) measured 101.75ppb in the 4th zone, 2-Naphthol (2-NA) measured 306.98ppb in the 5th zone, and 9-Fluorenone(9-F) measured between 129.05ppb across the 4th and 5th zones. After passing through a filtration system, the synthesized organic hard mask measured residual metals in the range of 9 to 7ppb. Additionally, the thermal analysis indicated a decrease of 2.78%, a molecular weight of 942, carbon content of 89.74%, and a yield of 72.4%. The etching rate was measured at an average of 18.22Å/s, and the coating thickness deviation was averaged at 1.19. For particle sizes below 0.2㎛ in the organic hard mask, no particles were observed. By varying the coating speed at 1,000, 1,500, and 1,800rpm and measuring the resulting coating thickness, the shrinkage rate ranged from 17.9% to 20.8%. The coating results demonstrated excellent adhesion to SiON, and it was evident that the organic hard mask was uniformly applied.