• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.682-689
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the variation between molecular size distribution (MSD) of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw waters after different water treatment processes like conventional process (coagulation, flocculation, filtration) followed by advanced oxidation process (ozonation, GAC adsorption). The MSD of NOM of Suji pilot plant were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) which is a kine of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with nondispersive infrared (NDIR) detector and $UV_{254}$ detector. Five distinct fractions were generally separated from water samples with the Toyopearl HW-50S column, using 28 mmol phosphate buffer at pH 6.58 as an eluent. Large and intermediate humic fractions were the most dominant fractions in surface water. High molecular weight (HMW) matter was clearly easier to remove in coagulation and clarification than low molecular weight (LMW) matter. Water treatment processes removed the two largest fractions almost completely shifting the MSD towards smaller molecular size in DW. No more distinct variation of MSD was observed by ozone process after sand filtration but the SUVA value were obviously reduced during increase of the ozone doses. UVD results and HS-Diagram demonstrate that ozone induce not the variation of molecular size of humic substance but change the bond structure from aromatic rings or double bonds to single bond. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration removed 8~9% of organic compounds and showed better adsorption property for small MSD than large one.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 2004년도 한국우주과학회보 제13권1호
• /
• pp.99-99
• /
• 2004

We detected and analyzed molecular hydrogen fluorescence in the Taurus Cloud using the Far-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FIMS) on the STSAT-1 which was launched at SeP. 27 2003. FIMS is optimized for observing diffuse emission lines in the interstellar medium in the wavelength bands of 900-l150 and 1300-1700 angstrom. The Taurus region is a local molecular cloud which is good for studying molecular hydrogen fluorescence emissions. (omitted)

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.508-513
• /
• 1997

We exploited a new molecular system - acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) detection system as a building block for the perfect molecular information system (sensing membrane of the chemical sensor) - using water soluble calix[n]arene-p-sulfonates which are useful even in aqueous (water/methanol) neutral solution. This achievement is due to several outstanding properties of these calix[n]arene derivatives such as low $pK_{a}$ values, cation-interactions, and high water-solubility, etc.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.55-58
• /
• 1986

Analytical capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been evaluated. Silver films prepared by homogeneous chemical reduction were used as the substrate. Detection limits for p-nitrobenzoic acid, thiophenol and rhodamine 6G were around $10{\sim}100\;pg$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2002

For the molecular detection of Sweet potaio feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) from diseased sweet potato plants, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed with the use of a set of virus-specific primers to amplify an 816 bp product. The viral coat protein gene was selected for the design of the primers. No PCR product was amplified when Turnip mosaic virus, Potato vims Y or Cucumber mosaic virus were used as template in RT-PCR with the SPFMV-specific primers. The lowest concentration of template viral RNA required for detection was 10 fg. The vim was rapidly detected from total nucleic acids of leaves and roots from the virus-infected sweet potato plants as well as from the purified viral RNA by the RT-PCR. Twenty-four sweet potato samples were selected and analyzed by RT-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RFLP analysis of the PCR products showed three restriction patterns, which resulted in some point mutations suggesting the existence of quasi-species for the vims in the infected sweet potato plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2014

The molecular features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated in Korea were compared with strains isolated in Japan and Italy. Sequencing of eight P. syringae pv. actinidiae and three P. syringae pv. theae strains revealed a total of 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 4,818 bp of the concatenated alignment of nine genes. A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the specific detection of recent haplotype strains other than strains isolated since the 1980s in Korea. The primer pair, designated as TacF and TacR, specifically amplified a 545-bp fragment with the genomic DNA of new haplotype of P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains. A multiplex PCR conducted with the TacF/TacR primer pair and the universal primer pair for all P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains can be simultaneously applied for the detection of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and for the differentiation of new haplotype strains.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2009

In recent years, several genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed worldwide through the recombinant DNA technology and commercialized by various agricultural biotechnological companies. Commercialization of GM crops will be required the assesment of risks associated with the release of GM crops. In advance of the commercial release of GM crops, developer should submit the several information on GM crops for approval. In this study, we carried out to provide the molecular data for the risk assessment of GM rice containing insect-resistant gene, modified Cry1Ac (CryIAc1). Through the molecular analysis with CryIAc1 induced GM rice, we confirmed the steady integration and expression of transgene, the transgene copy number, the adjacent region sequences of inserted gene into rice genome, and the transgene stability in progenies. For the qualitative PCR detection methods, specific primer pairs were designed on the basis of integration sequences, and construct- and event-specific detection markers were developed for leaf folder-resistant rice, Cr7-1 line. From these results, we demonstrated that the molecular data and the PCR detection methods of leaf folderresistant GM rice could be acceptable to conduct the biosafety and environment risk assessment.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2020

In Pleurotus sp., green mold, which is considered a major epidemic, is caused by several Trichoderma species. To develop a rapid molecular marker specific for Trichoderma spp. that potentially cause green mold, eleven Trichoderma species were collected from mushroom farms and the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). A dominant fungal isolate from a green mold-infected substrate was identified as Trichoderma pleuroticola based on the sequences of its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) genes. In artificial inoculation tests, all Trichoderma spp., including T. atroviride, T. cf. virens, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum, T. pleurotum, and T. pleuroticola, showed pathogenicity to some extent, and the observed symptoms were soaked mycelia with a red-brown pigment and retarded mycelium regeneration. A molecular marker was developed for the rapid detection of wide range of Trichoderma spp. based on the DNA sequence alignment of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of Trichoderma spp. The developed primer set detected only Trichoderma spp., and no cross reactivity with edible mushrooms was observed. The detection limits for the PCR assay of T. harzianum (KACC40558), T. pleurotum (KACC44537), and T. pleuroticola (CAF-TP3) were found to be 500, 50, and 5 fg, respectively, and the detection limit for the pathogen-to-host ratio was approximately 1:10,000 (wt/wt).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2018

Post-translational modification of proteins regulates signaling cascades in eukaryotic system, including plants. Among these modifications, phosphorylation plays an important role in modulating the functional properties of proteins. Plants perceive environmental cues that directly affect the phosphorylation status of many target proteins. To determine the effect of environmentally induced phosphorylation in plants, in vivo methods must be developed. Various in vitro methods are available but, unlike in animals, there is no optimized methodology for detecting protein phosphorylation in planta. Therefore, in this study, a robust, and easy to handle Phos-Tag Mobility Shift Assay (PTMSA) is developed for the in vivo detection of protein phosphorylation in plants by empirical optimization of methods previously developed for animals. Initially, the detection of the phosphorylation status of target proteins using protocols directly adapted from animals failed. Therefore, we optimized the steps in the protocol, from protein migration to the transfer of proteins to PVDF membrane. Supplementing the electrophoresis running buffer with 5mM $NaHSO_3$ solved most of the problems in protein migration and transfer. The optimization of a fast and robust protocol that efficiently detects the phosphorylation status of plant proteins was successful. This protocol will be a valuable tool for plant scientists interested in the study of protein phosphorylation.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.14.1-14.9
• /
• 2011

Protein homology detection is an important issue in comparative genomics. Because of the exponential growth of sequence databases, fast and efficient homology detection tools are urgently needed. Currently, for homology detection, sequence comparison methods using local alignment such as BLAST are generally used as they give a reasonable measure for sequence similarity. However, these methods have drawbacks in offering overall sequence similarity, especially in dealing with eukaryotic genomes that often contain many insertions and duplications on sequences. Also these methods do not provide the explicit models for speciation, thus it is difficult to interpret their similarity measure into homology detection. Here, we present a novel method based on Word Conservation Score (WCS) to address the current limitations of homology detection. Instead of counting each amino acid, we adopted the concept of 'Word' to compare sequences. WCS measures overall sequence similarity by comparing word contents, which is much faster than BLAST comparisons. Furthermore, evolutionary distance between homologous sequences could be measured by WCS. Therefore, we expect that sequence comparison with WCS is useful for the multiple-species-comparisons of large genomes. In the performance comparisons on protein structural classifications, our method showed a considerable improvement over BLAST. Our method found bigger micro-syntenic blocks which consist of orthologs with conserved gene order. By testing on various datasets, we showed that WCS gives faster and better overall similarity measure compared to BLAST.